climate change and sea level rise ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Climate Change and
Sea Level Rise
By Robert DillSUST 610For Dr. Eric Wiener
Causes of Climate change
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://jeffreyellis.org/images/climate_chart.jpg&imgrefurl
•Release of carbon Dioxide Burning of fossil fuels Decay of organic matter Deforestation Burning of tropical forests
•Release of methane Melting of permafrost Livestock
•Other greenhouse gases
Source: Chiras and Reganold, 2010
Causes of Sea Level change•Melting of land based ice•Thermal expansion of ocean water
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 & Cooper, 2004
Effects of Sea Level Rise•Increased beach erosion (Galbraith, et al. 2005)
•Increased storm damage (Xingong, et al. 2009)
•Saltwater intrusion of aquifers (Cooper, et al. 2005)
•Change in salinity of bays and estuaries (Chiras & Reganold, 2010)
•Possible extinction of specialist species (Cooper, et al. 2005)
•Impact aquatic bird habitats (Galbraith, et al. 2005)
•Economic costs Tourism (Cooper, et al. 2005)
Beach nourishment (Gornitz, et al. 2002)
Fish and shellfish (Najjar, et al., 2000)
•Social costs (Xingong, et al. 2009)
Predictions of sea level rise
•Average sea level rise of 1.8mm/yr in metro area (Gornitz, et al. 2002)
•May lose up to 20-70% of intertidal zone by 2100 (Galbraith, et al. 2005)
•Beach erosion will increase in metro area (Gornitz, et al. 2002)
Two to three times as much by 2020
Three to four times as much by 2050
Four to ten times as much by 2100
•Mid-Atlantic region could lose 1.6% of land and 21% of
wetlands by 2100 (Najjar, et al. 2000)
Predictions continued
Gornitz, 2002
•Storm surge damage will increase (Najjar, et al. 2000)
•From 1993-2006 NJ has experienced a 3.3mm/yr rise in
sea level (Miller, et al. 2009)
•Globally, 400 million people live within 20m of sea level (Gornitz, et al. 2002)
•Decrease time between “100 year” floods (Gornitz, et al 2002)
•Predictions based on GIS (Xingong, et al. 2009)
Predictions continued
Xingong, 2009
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/futureslc_fig1.html
Cape May Case Studies
Cooper, et al. 2010
Cape may Continued
•Physical vulnerability •Social vulnerability •Strom surge will flood low lying areas •Majority of development is concentrated on barrier island•Six tropical storms have directly hit Cape May since 1870•Nine hurricanes have pasted within 100 km of Cape May since 1870
Source: Wu, et al. 2002
Cooper, et al. 2005)
solutions
• Elevate barrier islands and coastal areas (Cooper, et al. 2005)
• Surround effected areas with levies (Titus, 1990)
• Retreat (Titus, 1990)
• Public education (Cooper, et al. 2005)
• Management and protection of coastal areas (Cooper, et al. 2005)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mayflower_moving_truck.JPG
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://0.tqn.com/d/architecture/1/0/u/p/OosterscheldeStormSurgeBarrieriStock.jpg
conclusions• Decrease greenhouse gas emissions• Decrease deforestation• Plan for sea level rise• Act immediately to decrease future damage
http://maps.risingsea.net
ReferencesChiras, D.D. and Reganold, J.P. (2010). Natural Resource Conservation. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.Cooper, M,J.P., Beevers, M.D., and Oppenheimer, M., (November 2005). Future Sea Level Rise and The New Jersey Coast, Science,
Technology and Environmental Policy Program Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University.
Galbraith, H., Jones, R., Park, R., Clough, J., Herrod-Julius, S., Harrington, B., and Page, G., (2005). Global Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Potential Losses of Intertidal Habitat for Shorebirds, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191.
Gornitz, V., Couch, S., and Hartig, E.K., (2002). Impacts of sea level rise in the New York City metropolitan area, Global and Planetary Changes 32 61– 88.
Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., Horton, B.P., Stanley, A., Kahn, A., Uptegrove, J., and Aucott, M. (2009). Sea-level Rise in New Jersey Over The Past 5000 Years: Implications tp Anthropogenic Changes, Global and Planetary Changes 66 10-18.
Najjar, R.G., Walker, H.A., Anderson, P.J., Barron, E.J., Bord, R.J., Gibson, J.R., Kennedy, V.S., Knight, C.G., Megonigal, J.P., O’Connor, R.E., Polsky, C.D., Psuty, N.P., Richards, B.A., Sorenson, E.M., and Swanson, R.S. (2000). The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on The Mid-Atlantic Coastal Region, Climate research, Vol. 14: 219-233.
Titus, J.G., Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level Rise, and Barrier Islands: case Study of Long Beach Island, New Jersey (1990). Environmental Protection Agency, Coastal Management.
Wu, S., Yarnal, B., and Fisher, A. (2002). Vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise: a case study of Cape May County, New Jersey, USA, Climate Research, Vol. 22: 255–270.Xingong, L., Rowley, R.J., Kostelnick, J.C., Braaten, D., Meisel, J., and Hulbutta, K., (July 2009). GIS Analysis of Global Impacts from
Sea Level Rise, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing Vol. 75, No. 7, pp. 807–818.