climate and climate change. lesson 1 factors affecting climate

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Climate and Climate and Climate Climate Change Change

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Page 1: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Climate and Climate and Climate ChangeClimate Change

Page 2: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Lesson 1Lesson 1

Factors Affecting ClimateFactors Affecting Climate

Page 3: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

ClimateClimate WeatherWeather – – Condition of the atmosphere at Condition of the atmosphere at

a particular place and timea particular place and time ClimateClimate – – average, year after year events; average, year after year events;

CConditions of temperature, precipitation, onditions of temperature, precipitation, winds and clouds in an areawinds and clouds in an area

Factors Affecting ClimateFactors Affecting Climate PrecipitationPrecipitation TemperatureTemperature

Page 4: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Factors Affecting PrecipitationFactors Affecting Precipitation1.1. Prevailing WindsPrevailing Winds – moves air masses – moves air masses

Amount of Amount of water vaporwater vapor in an air mass in an air mass determines how much precipitation will falldetermines how much precipitation will fall

Warm air can carry Warm air can carry MOREMORE water vapor than water vapor than cold aircold air

Amount of water vapor depends on where Amount of water vapor depends on where winds winds originateoriginate from (ocean or land) from (ocean or land)

Sinking cold air Sinking cold air warmswarms as it nears the as it nears the earth’s surface and earth’s surface and absorbsabsorbs water vapor water vapor which creates very dry air or desertwhich creates very dry air or desert

Page 5: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Factors affecting PrecipitationFactors affecting Precipitation

2. 2. Mountain RangesMountain Ranges Forces air to Forces air to riserise and and coolcool

Water vapor condenses and forms Water vapor condenses and forms cloudsclouds Rain/snow falls on the Rain/snow falls on the windwardwindward side side Cool/dry air on the Cool/dry air on the leewardleeward side side

Known as a Known as a rain shadowrain shadow

Page 6: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate
Page 7: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Factors Affecting Temperature:Factors Affecting Temperature:

LatitudeLatitude Areas at the equator receive the sun’s direct raysAreas at the equator receive the sun’s direct rays At areas near the poles the sun’s rays are spread At areas near the poles the sun’s rays are spread

out over a larger areaout over a larger area Three ZonesThree Zones

TropicalTropical: 0: 0°-23.5° (latitude) direct sun rays year round°-23.5° (latitude) direct sun rays year round TemperatTemperatee: 23.5: 23.5°-66.5°(latitude)direct rays in the °-66.5°(latitude)direct rays in the

summer summer PolarPolar: 66.5: 66.5°-90° (latitude) sun rays strike at a low angle°-90° (latitude) sun rays strike at a low angle

Page 8: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate
Page 9: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Factors Affecting TemperatureFactors Affecting Temperature

AltitudeAltitude Altitude can create a different climate due to the Altitude can create a different climate due to the

distance distance aboveabove sea level sea level Temperature decreases at 6.5Temperature decreases at 6.5°C for every °C for every

kilometer above sea levelkilometer above sea level

ExampleExample: Mount Kilimanjaro is located at 3° S latitude : Mount Kilimanjaro is located at 3° S latitude yet its peaks are covered in snowyet its peaks are covered in snow

Page 10: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting TemperatureTemperature

Distance from Large Bodies of WaterDistance from Large Bodies of Water MarineMarine Climates Climates

Mild winters and cool summersMild winters and cool summers ContinentalContinental Climates Climates

Extreme fluxes in temperatureExtreme fluxes in temperature

Page 11: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents

Page 12: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents Ocean Currents- Ocean Currents- streams of water within the streams of water within the

oceans that move in regular patternsoceans that move in regular patterns Warm currentsWarm currents carry warm water from the carry warm water from the

tropics to the polestropics to the poles Cold currentsCold currents bring cold water from the poles bring cold water from the poles

toward the equatortoward the equator Currents affect the land because the surface of Currents affect the land because the surface of

the water the water warms or coolswarms or cools the air above it then the air above it then the air moves to nearby the air moves to nearby landland

Page 13: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate
Page 14: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate
Page 15: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Lesson 3Lesson 3

Climate RegionsClimate Regions

Page 16: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Types of Climate RegionsTypes of Climate Regions

Six main types of climate regions:Six main types of climate regions: TropicalTropical Arid (Dry)Arid (Dry) Temperate marine (Mediterranean)Temperate marine (Mediterranean) Temperate ContinentalTemperate Continental PolarPolar MountainMountain

Page 17: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate
Page 18: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

TropicalTropical

Characterized byCharacterized by Precipitation—Precipitation—largelarge amountsamounts Temperature—Temperature—warm all yearwarm all year

Page 19: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

AridArid

Characterized byCharacterized by Precipitation—Precipitation—very littlevery little

Usually due to a Usually due to a prevailing windprevailing wind that carries little that carries little moisture.moisture.

Page 20: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Temperate MarineTemperate Marine

Characterized byCharacterized by Temperature—Temperature—mildmild in summer and winter in summer and winter

Due to proximity of a Due to proximity of a large body of waterlarge body of water..

Page 21: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Temperate ContinentalTemperate Continental

Characterized byCharacterized by Temperature—Temperature—cold winterscold winters, , hot summershot summers

Page 22: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

PolarPolar

Characterized byCharacterized by Temperature—Temperature—very cold winters, cool summersvery cold winters, cool summers

Due to Due to latitudelatitude

Page 23: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Lesson 4Lesson 4

Solar EnergySolar Energy

Page 24: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Solar EnergySolar Energy

The Sun emits energy in the form of The Sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waveselectromagnetic waves, including light and , including light and heat.heat.

The heat from the Sun:The heat from the Sun: Determines Determines climateclimate Creates Creates weather patternsweather patterns Is transferred in 3 ways: by conduction, Is transferred in 3 ways: by conduction,

convection, and radiation.convection, and radiation.

Page 25: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

ConductionConduction

The transfer of energy from one particle to The transfer of energy from one particle to another through collisions of atomsanother through collisions of atoms. Touch. Touch

Page 26: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

ConvectionConvection Heat is transferred by the movement of Heat is transferred by the movement of

currents in a fluid, like water or aircurrents in a fluid, like water or air. . Convection currents in liquids and gases only.Convection currents in liquids and gases only.

Page 27: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

RadiationRadiation

Heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves.Heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves.

Page 28: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Solar Energy and the AtmosphereSolar Energy and the Atmosphere

The heat from the sun heats the Earth’s surface The heat from the sun heats the Earth’s surface unevenlyunevenly. .

The heat from the sun heats the particles in The heat from the sun heats the particles in the atmosphere through the atmosphere through radiationradiation..

The particles pass energy through The particles pass energy through conductionconduction.. Warm air rises and cool air sinks. This causes Warm air rises and cool air sinks. This causes

convection currentsconvection currents.. The movement of air creates The movement of air creates weatherweather. .

Page 29: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Lesson 5Lesson 5

Specific HeatSpecific Heat

Page 30: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Specific HeatSpecific Heat

Specific heat Specific heat tells how much energy is needed tells how much energy is needed to raise a substance’s temperature one degree to raise a substance’s temperature one degree kelvin.kelvin.

The amount of energy needed to change the The amount of energy needed to change the temperaturetemperature depends on the depends on the substancesubstance.. WaterWater requires more energy to raise its requires more energy to raise its

temperature than temperature than sandsand does. does.

Page 31: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Specific Heat and ClimateSpecific Heat and Climate

An area’s An area’s climateclimate can be determined by can be determined by specific heat.specific heat. An area near water An area near water will notwill not have drastic have drastic

temperature changes.temperature changes. An area that is only land An area that is only land will havewill have drastic drastic

temperature changes.temperature changes.

Page 32: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Sea BreezeSea Breeze

A sea breeze develops A sea breeze develops during the during the dayday. .

The sand has a The sand has a lowerlower specific heat so the air over specific heat so the air over the sand heats up the sand heats up quicklyquickly..

Water has a high specific Water has a high specific heat so the air stays heat so the air stays coolercooler..

Since hot air Since hot air risesrises, cool air , cool air comes from over the water comes from over the water and blows onto land.and blows onto land.

Page 33: Climate and Climate Change. Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Climate

Land BreezeLand Breeze A land breeze occurs at A land breeze occurs at

nightnight.. Sand has a Sand has a lowerlower specific specific

heat so the air over it cools heat so the air over it cools quickly.quickly.

Water has a Water has a highhigh specific specific heat so the air over it stays heat so the air over it stays warmer.warmer.

A A convectionconvection current current occurs. The warm air over occurs. The warm air over the water rises and the cool the water rises and the cool air from the land takes its air from the land takes its place.place.