climate adaptive resilient livelihood options in...
TRANSCRIPT
Climate Adaptive Resilient Livelihood
Options in Coastal Bangladesh
October 31,2017
Presented By: Azman Ahmed Chowdhury
www.practicalaction.org
Rationale for the Study
• Changing climate patterns and disasters is forcing changes in the livelihoodpatterns of the communities in the coastal belt of Bangladesh
• The existing and practiced livelihoods carried on for generations may notbe adaptive with varying climate patterns, which needs to be reoriented.
• Women are the most vulnerable to the challenges enforced by climatechange
• The market linkage and the value chain connecting the communities of theexisting livelihood options have scopes of improvement
• Exploring opportunities of creating platforms to engage public and privatestakeholders
Study Phases and Methodology
Phase MethodsInception and
building knowledge
foundation
- Literature review
- Draft household survey, participatory rapid appraisal
(PRA), focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant
interviews (KII)
Data collection - PRA
- Household survey
- FGD
- KII
Data analysis and
vetting
- Analysis of Landsat satellite images
- Multi-criteria poverty index analysis
- GIS mapping
- Field level market assessment and value chain analysis
- Livelihood options screening and analysis
- Cost and budget estimations
- Stakeholder consultations (including communities, union
parishads, and MoWCA, local market actors)
Consultations-Government Projects
Government Projects 1. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience
Fund
2. Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund
3. Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience,
4. Community Based Adaptation to Climate
Change through Coastal Afforestation
Consultations- International Development Partners
International Development
Partners
1. DFID
2. World Bank
3. IFC
4. EU
5. USAID
6. JICA
7. UNDP
Consultations- International NGOs
International NGOs 1. CARE Bangladesh
2. World Vision
3. World Fish Centre
4. Action Aid
5. Oxfam
6. Practical Action
Consultations- Local Development Partners and NGOs
Local Development Partners
and NGOs
1. PKSF
2. BRAC
3. Shushilon
4. PROSHIKA
5. Rupantor
6. ASA
Geographical Coverage of the study
Districts Upazila Unions
Khulna
Dacope Bajua, Banishanta, Dacope Sadar, Kaislashganj,
Kamarkhola, Laudub, Pankhali, Sutarkhali,
Tiladanga
Koyra Amadi, Bagali, Dakshin Bedkashi, Koyra Sadar,
Maharajpur, Moheswaripur, Uttar Bedkashi
Paikgacha Chandkhali, Deluti, Goroikhali, Lata, Soladana
Shatkhira
Assasuni Anulia, Assasuni Sadar, Bardal, Budhata,
Kadakathi, Khajra, Kulla, Protapnagar, Sreeula
Shyamnagar Atulia, Burigoalini, Gabura, Kashimari, Koikhali,
Munshigonj, Padma Pukur, Ramjan Nagar
Districts : 2 Upazila: 5 Unions: 39
Severity of Climate Change and its Impact
• Low elevation of the regions along with
increasing water level forces migration
• Increased salinity reduces soil fertility
which hampers agriculture production
and thus threatening food security and
nutrition intake
• Forced migration of the male members
of the households leaves very few
women wage earners, impeding IGA.
• Availability of fresh water for domestic
and agriculture use is very limited due to
increased salinity
• The eco-system around Sundarbans is
also threatened due to intensive
livelihood approaches which are not
adaptive and non-resilient.
Proven Best Practices on Adaptation from Ongoing and
Implemented Projects
Agriculture Adaptation
Practices
- Saline resistant rice
variety
- Sorjan System
cultivation practices
- Raised bed mulching
cultivation,
- Multi-crop production
cycles,
- Hydroponics
Aquaculture Adaptation
Practices
- Aquageoponics
- Crab fattening
- Crab nursery
Other Adaptation
Practices
- Women's economic
empowerment
through a private
sector-led approach
- Community-based
approaches and
livelihood
diversification
- Ensuring access to
finance
Existing and practiced livelihoods
Agriculture 1. Rice Cultivation
2. Maize
3. Sesame Seed Oil
4. Fruit orchard (Tamarind and watermelon)
5. Plant Nursery
6. Vermicompost production
7. Aqua-geoponics
8. Hydroponics
9. Homestead Gardening
Aquaculture 1. Shrimp farming
2. Crab Farming
3. Brackish Water Fish farming
4. Tilapia Farming
5. Crab hatchery
6. Crablet collection from natural sources
7. Crab and fish processing & trading
8. Fishing from rivers and sea
9. Fish feed production
Existing and practiced livelihoods
Livestock 1. Native Chicken rearing in homestead
2. Poultry farms
3. Duck rearing
4. Egg trading
5. Sheep rearing
6. Goat rearing
7. Small dairy farm
Non-farm
Activities
1. Mat Making
2. Handicrafts production
3. Small business
4. Water purification and vending
5. Wage laborer in Brick fields
6. Carpentry
7. Timber Trading
8. Tailoring
9. Domestic Help
Constraints to Promoting a Shift to Climate Change
Resilient Livelihoods
Constraint 1: Limited available information (especially among women) to make climate-risk
informed livelihood decisions
Constraint 2: Limited access and understanding of climate compatible technology and
techniques
Constraint 3: Subdued access to climate-resilient value chains and agricultural markets, and
limited available value-addition activities for alternative, climate change resilient livelihoods
Constraint 4: Inadequate access to additional finance to shift towards climate change resilient
livelihoods (micro-finance, BRDB, banks)
Constraint 5: Narrow understanding among coastal communities of local financial institutions
apart from MFIs
Constraint 6: Limited institutional capacities to plan, foster and facilitate climate resilient
livelihood development
Constraint 7: Weak vertical and horizontal coordination and knowledge management between
government institutions on climate risk management
First Step Filtering best fit livelihood options
Filter 1 Criterion 1. Saline Tolerance
2. Cyclone Risk Tolerance
Livelihood Options after Initial Filtering:
1. Hydroponics
2. Aqua-Geoponics
3. Homestead Gardening
4. Plant Nursery
5. Vermicompost production
6. Sesame Cultivation
7. Crab Farming
8. Crab Nursery
9. Tilapia Farming
10. Sheep Rearing
11. Brackish Water Fish farming
12. T-Amon Rice Cultivation
13. Crab and Fish Feed Production
Second Step Filtering best fit livelihood options
Filter 2 Criterion 1. Profitability and Market Access
2. Gender Responsiveness
3. Community Acceptance
4. Environmental Impacts (Considering
Scalability)
Livelihood Options after Second Filtering:
1. Hydroponics
2. Aqua-geoponics
3. Homestead Gardening
4. Plant Nursery
5. Sesame Cultivation
6. Crab Farming
7. Crab Nursery
8. Crab and Fish Feed Processing
Why are these livelihoods proposed?
1. Resilience and adaptive to changing climate pattern and salinity
2. Availability of existing resources to sustain these livelihoods
3. Existing market readiness and market linkage for the proposed
livelihoods
4. An emerging value chain for sustaining the livelihoods (including rising
interest of the private sector)
5. Willingness of the community to adopt the livelihoods
Proposed Implementation Modalities and Exit Strategies
1. Development and supporting Women Livelihood Groups
2. Value Chain development and market linkage for new products
3. Support government agencies to facilitate climate change resilient livelihood
development processes
4. Encouraging Gender Responsive Decision Making
5. Public Private Initiative Platforms
6. Improved Capacity in Financial Planning both at community, institutional and
individual level
7. Promoting and sustaining climate adaptive technologies for farming and related
livelihood practices.
1. Ecosystem-based adaptation and community-based adaptation overlap and
complement each other
2. Adaptation can be integrated into existing development and conservation
activities.
3. Systemic barriers and challenges exist which limits the progress of an
inclusive enabling environment
4. Methods to overcome systemic barriers are widespread and replicable
5. Education, capacity building and training can strengthen the success of
adaptation
6. Showcasing results and cultivating local leaders can foster continued
behaviour change
7. Including political leaders and government agencies enhances stakeholder
engagement
8. Market-driven solutions demonstrate good potential to increase community
resilience
Key Lessons Learnt
Thank You for Your Time
&
Questions are Welcome