- Bolus—> chyme - Mucus vs. auto digestion

thickenings

StomachKEYWORDS:

- Bag - Gastric juice —> protein digestion (hydrochloric acid HCl + pepsinogen/pepsine) - Cleavage

proteolisis = activation

KEYWORDS: - 7.5 - 8.0 m long - Digestion and absorption

gut-intestine-bowel

SMALL INTESTINE: - 6.5 m long

- duodenum - jejunum - ileum

LARGE INTESTINE: - 1.5 m long

- cecum - colon - rectum

Duodenum

Mild activity

enzymes

STRONG activity

enzymes

Inside the duodenum chyme is definitely decomposed by enzymes: - amylases for carbohydrates, - proteases for proteins, and - lipases for lipids.

produced in the pancreas as inactive

(proenzymes)

become active here thanks to

proteolisis

accumulates bile (gall) that facilitates lipid digestion

Absorption

• once the chyme passes through duodenum it becomes the chyle.

• nutrients in the chyle are absorbed in the small intestine.

Absorption

AbsorptionKEYWORDS:

- villi = projections of the tube - increase in size to 250-300 m2

- blood vessels

Large intestine• absorbs water from what remains of chyle.

• forms the feces.

• recently its role has been revised. We now think that it represents a microenvironment essential for mutualistic microorganism proliferation.

Microbiota• community of microorganisms in the large

bowel.

Rectum• Rectum is the last part of the large intestine

and stores feces before they are expelled.