clicker #1 how many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does se have? a) 0; 14 b) 2; 6 c) 2; 14...

Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

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Atomic Trends Atomic Radius: size of the orbital H F Fr decreasing increasing More protons = more attraction and smaller radius Orbitals are getting bigger and further from nucleus

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Clicker #1How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have?

A) 0; 14B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6E) 2; 4

Atomic Trends Atomic Radius: size of the orbital

H F

decreasing

increasing

Page 3: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Atomic Trends Atomic Radius: size of the orbital

H F

decreasing

increasingMore protons = more attraction and smaller radius

Orbitals are getting bigger and further from nucleus

Page 4: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Clicker #2Which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

A) CaB) AlC) ND) SrE) F

Page 5: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Atomic Trends Ionization Energy

H F

increasing

decreasing

Page 6: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Atomic Trends Ionization Energy

H F

increasing

decreasingElectron is at its lowest energy state when closest to the nucleustakes more energy to take an electron away when closer to the nucleus

Page 7: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Clicker #3Which of the following elements has the largest ionization energy?

A) PB) AlC) ClD) BaE) K

Page 8: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Isoelectronic Series Same number of electrons

Example:Which is larger Na+ or Ne?

Page 9: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Isoelectronic Series Same number of electrons

Example:Which is larger Na+ or Ne?

Same number of electrons but Na+ has 11 protons and Ne has 10 protons.

Page 10: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

ExampleWhich is larger Cl- or Ar?

Which has a higher ionization energy Cl- or Ar?

Page 11: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

ExampleWhich is larger Cl- or Ar?

Which has a higher ionization energy Cl- or Ar?

Page 12: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

BONDING “Forces”

What is meant by a “chemical bond”? Why do atoms bond to form

molecules? How do atoms bond to form

molecules?

Page 13: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

BONDING Two Types of Bonding

Intramolecular (within a molecule) Intermolecular (between molecules)

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 14: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Ionic Compounds Between a metal and a nonmetal

Example: NaClNa: [Ne]3s1

Cl: [Ne]3s23p5

Page 15: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Ionic Compounds Between a metal and a nonmetal

Example: NaClNa: [Ne]3s1 Na+: [Ne]Cl: [Ne]3s23p5 Cl-: [Ne]

3s23p6

Page 16: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Mg -> Mg+ -> Mg2+

Ionization energies of atoms are highly endothermic

HOWEVER… Takes more energy to remove 2nd

electron Once you get Mg2+ (noble gas

configuration) gives off energyOVERALL = EXOTHERMIC PROCESS

Page 17: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Bonding in H2

Is this ionic?

Page 18: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Bonding in H2

Covalent Bonding Sharing electrons Hydrogens share the electrons and

have noble gas configuration

Why isn’t He diatomic?

Page 19: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Bonding in H2

Covalent Bonding Sharing electrons Hydrogens share the electrons and

have noble gas configuration

Why isn’t He diatomic? Already has a noble gas configuration

Page 20: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

Therefore… Covalent bonding has same idea as

ionic bonding…

But

Neither atom is “strong” enough to remove electron from the other atom

Page 21: Clicker #1 How many unpaired electrons and valence electrons does Se have? A) 0; 14 B) 2; 6 C) 2; 14 D) 0; 6 E) 2; 4

What about CO?

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