click to add text political parties organization, participation and nomination
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Political Parties
Organization, Participation and Nomination
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Political Party
Group of People Broad Common Interests Organize to Win Elections Control Government Influence Policy
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One Party System
The party is the government Usually founded in nations with Authoritarian
Governments Ex. Communist China, North Korea and Cuba
Also can take form of a Theocracy, govt. dominated by religious leaders Ex. Iran under Muslim control
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Multiparty Systems
Surprise!Surprise!
Many parties with widely different ideologies, beliefs
One party rarely receives a majority of votes
Form coalition governments, parties combine forces
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Two-Party Systems
Rare 2 major parties
dominate Minor parties exist,
with little influence
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Growth of Am. Political Parties
Origins Federalists=Strong Federal Govt. Democratic Republicans= Strong State Govt.
By 1828, Conflicts over major issues ie., banking, tariffs, and slavery split the Democratic Republicans into two parties. Democrats National Republicans, Whigs
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Modern Political Party Control
After the Civil War, Republicans dominated Politics, Democrats held the Presidency for only 4 terms from 1860-1932
Great Depression ended Republican control With FDR's election in 1932, Democrats
held the majority for 50 years
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Third parties
The red-headed step child of Political Parties Minor Parties Run against two more powerful parties Almost exclusive to the U.S. 3 Types
Single-Issue=Focus exclusively on one issue Ideological Party=Focus on overall change in society,
not one issue Splinter=Splits away from a major party because of
disagreement
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Third Party Impact/ Obstacles
Can influence elections, pulling votes from major parties
Democrat and Republican names automatically appear on ballots, Third parties must petition
Difficult to raise funds No national, recognizable image
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Party Organization and Function
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Political Party Organization
• Democrats and Republicans are organized into 50 state parties
• Each party has thousands of local parties as well
• Local, state and national parties work together, but raise their own funds
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Party Membership
• In most states voters declare their party affiliation when they register to vote
• You do not have to declare a party affiliation to vote, you may declare your self an independent, not supporting either major party
• People who belong to a particular party support most of the party's platform, or ideology
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Local Party Organization
• Basic, most local is the precinct, a voting district ranging from a few to a thousand
• Several adjoined precincts create a ward
• Each ward selects a person to represent the ward at the party's county committee
• The county committee selects a chairperson to handle the party's daily affairs
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State Party Organization
• Most important part is the State Central Committee
• Chooses the party's state chairperson
• Main role is to help get party candidates elected for state government offices
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National Party Organization
• Two main parts
• National Convention
– Gathering of local and state officials every four years to primarily nominate the party's Presidential and VP candidate
• National committee
– Large group mainly of representatives from the 50 states ' party organizations, run the party
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Nominating Candidates for Office
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How Candidates are Selected