clearesult: maximizing the return of metering and interval data

Maximizing the return of metering & interval data

Bill Younger, CEMVice President – Energy Performance Services

© 2015 CLEAResult. All rights reserved. 2

A New Way of Doing Business

Silence is not always golden; energy waste is often hidden.

If no one complains, then everything must be working properly.

Focusing on preventative maintenance without checking operation only addresses part of the problem.

We have a preventative maintenance program, so everything must be working properly.

Business as Usual Paradigm Shift

Let's find and fix the problem before we can see, feel or hear it.

If it ain't broke don't fix it.


It’s Not Just Metering Anymore…

Meter

Energy Management

Energy Auditing

Measurement & Verification

Rate Analysis

Billing Validation

System Monitoring

…its information!!


Metering Options

• Data loggers– Applications– Examples– Spot Measurement

• Sub-meters– Key Elements– Strategies– Continuous Commissioning

• Building/Utility Meters– Communication– Capabilities– Building Monitoring

Building Meter

Sub-Meter

Data Loggers


Data Loggers

• Single Channel vs. Multi-Channel

• Analog Input– Temperature– CO2– Voltage – Relative Humidity– Equipment Amperage– Demand/Energy/PF– Lighting Levels

• “State” or “on-off”– Lighting Hours– Motor Runtime


Lighting Logger

• Logger placed in fixture

• Logs run-hours only


Case Study - Office Building

Combined Data Logging Results General Office Bldg

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

FR

I

SA

SU

MO

TU W TH

FR

I

SA Su

MO

TU

Tem

per

atu

re / L

igh

tin

g L

evel

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Lighting Temperature CO2


Datalogger Observations

• Manual Lighting Control– Inconsistent Lighting Control– Switched at Breaker Box– Entire Space Lit When Lights On

• Limited Night Set-back– 65° F Minimum– No Weekend/Holiday Schedule

• Excessive Amount of Outside Air– Peak at 500 to 600 ppm


Savings Analysis

• Eliminated Heating and Cooling

• Natural Ventilation System

• Lighting off at Night

• Natural Daylighting

• 100% Reduction in Energy Use!


Datalogger Benefits• Relatively Inexpensive and Easy to Use

• Short Term Monitoring

• Efficiency Measure Development Tool

• Operational Profile

• Convenient Data Format and Analysis

• Energy and Cost Savings Calculations

• System Troubleshooting Tool

• Time Stamp of Events

• Documentation of Conditions

• Reduce Time in Identifying Problems

• Immediate Feedback on Solutions


Submetering Systems

• Monitoring of All Utilities • Focus on Consumption and Demand• Allocate Costs for Specific Tenants, Building or Processes • Identify and Analyze Areas of Potential Energy Savings • Implement and Monitor Energy Saving Measures• Demand Response Capability


Key Elements to Submetering

Meters and Sensors

Data Acquisition and Communications

Data Acquisition Server Building Automation System Power Monitoring System

Electricity Gas, Water Steam, BTU

Database and User Interface

Cost Allocation Operations Tenant Billing


Meters

• Electricity• Gas• Water• Steam• BTU


Sample Submetering Strategies

1. Installation of Meters

2. Metering with Cost Allocation Software

3. Building Tune Up

4. Continuous Commissioning


Strategy 1 – Submetering Only

• Install Submeters in Buildings for:– Storing Energy Data from Individual Buildings

• Major Actions and Outputs:– Storing of Information

• Savings Range 0%


Strategy 2 – Cost Allocation

• Install Submeters in Buildings for:– Cost Allocation to Departments and Tenants– Accountability for Meeting Conservation Goals

• Major Actions and Outputs:– Monthly Bills to Tenants– Monthly Reports

for all Departments

• Savings Range 2 to 5%


Strategy 3 - Building Tune-up• Install Submeters in Buildings for:

– Cost Allocation to Departments and Tenants

– Accountability for Meeting Conservation Goals

– Identification of Inefficient Operations

– Fine-tuning of Building Controls

• Major Actions and Outputs:

– Monthly Bills to Tenants

– Monthly Reports for all Departments

– Internal Review and Adjustment of Building Operations (time schedules, etc,)

– Savings Range 5 to 15%


Load Profile Example

• Lighting Retrofit at Retail Store• Chart for 1 of 12 Identical Circuits• Broken Contactor in Lighting Panel


Strategy 4 - Continuous Commissioning

• Install Submeters and Specialized Software for:

– Cost Allocation to Departments and Tenants

– Accountability for Meeting Conservation Goals

– Verifying Savings from Energy Conservation Measures (ECM’s)

– Continuous Commissioning of Energy Using Systems

– Outside Review of Energy Savings Goals

• Major Actions and Outputs:

– Monthly Bills to Tenants

– Monthly Reports for all Departments

– Action Plan and Fine-tuning for High Energy Users

– Review with Building Staff and Outside Consultants to Verify Energy Savings of ECM’s and Maintain Persistence of Savings

• Savings Range 15 to 45%


Energy Star Results – Disney World

Overall Program Results – 44% IRR

48%

1% 4% 5%

43%

85%

1% 4%9%

1%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Green Lights LoadReductions

FanSystems

PlantUpgrades

BuildingTune-Up

Savings

Costs


Submetering Strategy Savings

• Installation of Meters – 0%• Cost Allocation Only – 2 to 5%• Building Tune-up (BTU) – 5 to 15%• Continuous Commissioning – 15 to 45%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% savings

Meter only

Allocate costs

Bldg Tune-Up

ContinuousCommissioning

Meters

Meters + Allocation software

Meters + Allocation software + fine-tuning

Meters + Allocation software + fine-tuning+specialized software and expertise


Building Level Utility Metering

Wireless System

Dial Up Meters

Manual Reads

Ethernet System

Meter Data Warehouse

Energy Information

Server

Client

Internet

Validation & Billing

Load Research Engineering Operations

Trading Rates

Usage Data is “Raw Data” Collected From Meters Data Usually Loaded Nightly for Next-Day Viewing Cost Information is Calculated Using Raw Data and Rate Engine Not a Real-Time System


Energy Management

• Monitor Energy Use and System Performance

• Evaluate Usage Trends

• Facility Use Comparisons

• Facility Cost Comparisons

• Load Duration and Load Factor

• Demand Control Strategies

• Weather Impact on Consumption

• Operation and Maintenance


Trend Meter Usage• View Demand kW As-Metered, Hourly, or Daily• Identify Operational Trends and Anomalies• Compare Demand Against Other Channels

– Weather and kVAR

Office Building:

HVAC & Lights

Morning Warm-up

Weekend Use Pattern


Supermarket – 87%Hospital – 73%Office – 55%School – 38%

Load Duration and Load Factor

• Load Factor = Average Demand / Peak Demand• Indication of Potential for Demand Management


Monitor Facility Usage• Sudden Increase in Baseload• Increased Night-time Use of Resistance Heating


Facility Usage Comparison

• All Three Buildings Exactly Alike• 25% Swing in Usage


Facility Cost Comparison

• Demand Issue on First Meter • Lowest Usage/Highest Cost


Evaluate Weather Impacts

• Equipment Left On• Weather Related?• Quantify Impact

– 20 kW x 9 hours


System Monitoring

• HVAC System Operation• Night Set-Back Schedules• Morning Warm-up Sequence• Outside Air Reset Controls• Time-clock and Photocell Controls


Verify System Performance

• Validate Performance• Calculate Energy and

Cost Savings• Graphically Display

Results

School Buildings: Verify Boiler Operation Schedule

- Night Set-back & Holiday Schedule

Junior High School Gas Meter

- Work Completed on Reset Control

- Night Setback Not Functioning


Daily Load Profiles

• View Demand kW for 15 minute or Hourly• Filter by Day Types for Actual kW or Averages

– Day of week, weekends, weekdays, average & peak– Tabular results can be sorted to show top peak days

• Control Malfunction Identified and Corrected

AfterBefore


School Electric Meter

• Ground Source Heat Pump Back-up Boiler• 500 kW of Unnecessary Heating

Comparison period Comparison total cost Current period Current total cost Variance % Variance

02/01-02/29/04 10,510.64 02/01-02/28/05 8,104.88 -2,405.76 -22.89

Savings = $2400


School Gas Meter• High Bill Inquiry – 4 Times Use of Similar School• Heat Pump Loop Temperature Setting at 85°F • EMCS and Local Control Conflict • Cooling Tower Operating Above 80°F


Development of Efficiency Measures

• Determine Peak kW Periods• Demand Savings Evaluation• Development of Occupancy Profiles• Equipment Loads and Trends

– Daily– Weekly– Monthly– Annual


Building Schedule

• HVAC and Lights• Time-clock vs. Occupancy and Temperature

Savings Opportunities


Office Building - Summer• Late Afternoon Cooling Load• Operating Schedule and Night Set-back• Time of Use Rate Analysis

Monday Saturday & Sunday

Tuesday - Friday


Energy Auditing• Evaluate with Occupancy Profiles• Identify Operational Opportunities • Set Off-Hour Targets

Occupied PeriodWarm-up After-Hours UseNight

16.5 kW Set-back

Target

- Schools - .5 watts/sq.ft.


Demand Control Strategies

• Small Manufacturing• Intermittent Spikes• 500 HP Motor • Load Factor 57%


Load Shift Savings Analysis

• Reduction of 20% Demand by Load Shifting• Approximately $1,500 Demand Cost Reduction


Measurement and Verification

• Verify Measure Performance• Calculate Energy and Cost

Savings• Graphically Display Results

Office Building: Parking Garage Meter

CO2 Sensor with VAV Installed

Rooftop Mechanical Meter

24 Hour Trading Floor Operation

Four 50 hp Fans Required

Dedicated System Installed


Calculate Billing Charges

• Calculate Billing

Determinates from kW

• Estimate Monthly Bill

• User Defined Tax Rate

• Calendar Months or

User Defined Periods

Meter description: Z003826303

Rate name: Elec RS 26 - Secondary > 350 kW

Fixed Charges

Name Currency9/1 -

9/30/2004

Customer Charge $ 29.10

Total fixed charges $ 29.10

Demand Charges

Name Currency9/1 -

9/30/2004

Demand Charge $ 3,398.22

Total demand charges $ 3,398.22

Energy Charges

Name Currency9/1 -

9/30/2004Electricity Conservation Service Rider

$ 130.27

Energy Charge $ 10,326.59

Reactive Power Charge $ 175.86

Total energy charges $ 10,632.72

Tax Charges

Name Currency9/1 -

9/30/2004

Sales Tax Charge $ 0.00

Total maximum charges $ 0.00

Total $ 14,060.04

Bill Determinants

Name 9/1 - 9/30/2004

PSE - KVARH - Annual All Hours 158,429.40

PSE - KW - Summer All Hours 730.80

PSE - KW - Winter (Oct - Mar) All Hours 0.00

PSE - KWH - Annual All Hours 206,771.70

Name 9/1 - 9/30/2004

- KVARH - Annual All Hours 158,429.40

- KW - Summer All Hours 730.80

- KW - Winter (Oct - Mar) All Hours 0.00

- KWH - Annual All Hours 206,771.70


What-If Rate Analysis - Electric• Compare Rate Options Using Interval Data• 9.67% Savings by Purchasing Transformer

Rate Options:

Secondary Metering

vs.

Primary Metering

Alternative Rate name Rate description Detail options Cost ($) % Savings Average Cost ($/kWh)

Default PSE - Elec RS 26 - Secondary > 350 kW Custom 14,060.04 0.00 0.0680

Alternative1 PSE - Elec RS 31 - Primary metered Limited availability Custom 12,700.42 9.67 0.0614


Metering System CapabilityBasic Functionality for Facility Management

General FeaturesExport Data to ExcelPrint ResultsSave Analysis for Future RetrievalE-mail Reports and GraphsOn-Line Help Function

Load AnalysisTrend Meter UsageDaily Load ProfilesLoad Duration

Cost and Energy AnalysisMulti-Meter ComparisonsCost and Usage VarianceLoad Aggregation and Meter GroupingCost Savings Analysis

Shift LoadsReduce Demand

RatesView Rate Schedule DetailsEstimate Billing ChargesTenant BillingWhat-If Rate Analysis


Advanced Analytics Tools

Visualization of 15 Minute Interval DataIdentify Operational Characteristics and Savings Opportunities


Advanced Analytics Tools

46

Advanced analytics can turn 35,000 data points into deep insights for

opportunities – including ones we often miss


Engage Customers for Persistence


Develop a Metering Plan

• Formalize Metering Objectives and Goals

• Establish Short, Mid, and Long Term Goals

• Identify Data and Equipment Needs

• Determine Analysis Methodology and Staff

• Evaluate Economics – Cost/Benefit Analysis

• Develop an Implementation Timeline

• Plan for Maintenance, Calibration, Updates

• Start Small and Build on Successes

• Maintain Visibility


“Metering alone produces $0 savings... it's the appropriate

actions that follow when something is discovered that is ‘not optimal’

that result in energy savings.”

Paul Allen, Energy Manager for Disney World


Thank You!

BILL YOUNGER, CEMVice President, Energy Performance Services

512.416.5976

[email protected]

clearesult: maximizing the return of metering and interval data

Data & Analytics