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We measured how much air pollution two children, Monu and Aamya, breathed for a day to see how much inequality makes a difference. PAGES A13-15

WHO GETS TO BREATHE CLEAN AIR IN NEW DELHI?

OMAR ADAM KHAN; KARAN DEEP SINGH

Donald J. Trump will exit theWhite House as a private citizennext month perched atop a pile ofcampaign cash unheard-of for adeparting president, and with fewlegal limits on how he can spend it.

Deflated by a loss he has yet toacknowledge, Mr. Trump hascushioned the blow by coaxinghuge sums of money from his loyal

supporters — often under dubiouspretenses — raising roughly $250million since Election Day alongwith the Republican Party.

More than $60 million of thatsum has gone to a new political ac-tion committee, according to peo-ple familiar with the matter, whichMr. Trump will control after heleaves office. Those funds, whichfar exceed what previous depart-ing presidents had at their dispos-al, provide him with tremendousflexibility for his post-presidential

ambitions: He could use themoney to quell rebel factions hinthe party, reward loyalists, fundhis travels and rallies, hire staff,pay legal bills and even lay thegroundwork for a far-from-certain2024 run.

The postelection blitz of fund-raising has cemented Mr. Trump’sposition as an unrivaled force andthe pre-eminent fund-raiser of theRepublican Party even in defeat.His largest single day for onlinedonations actually came afterElection Day — raising almost$750,000 an hour on Nov. 6. So didhis second biggest day. And histhird.

“Right now, he is the Republi-can Party,” said John McLaughlin,

For Trump, a Cloudy Future With a $60 Million Consolation PrizeBy SHANE GOLDMACHERand MAGGIE HABERMAN

Lucrative Fund-RaisingSince Election Day

Continued on Page A21

He described the killings in lu-rid detail — how he shot one manin the head and stabbed another inthe heart before hanging thecorpse on a cross.

He spoke at length about join-ing the religious police of the Is-lamic State in Syria, and beingtrucked to a terrorist training ses-sion on attacking the West, includ-ing North America, his homeland.

He recounted how Islamic Statecommanders displayed maps andcolor-coded instructions, showingrecruits like him how to strike ma-jor Western targets, get into re-stricted areas, kill people and at-tain martyrdom.

They envisioned “something asspectacular as 9/11,” he said.“They wanted to outdo Al Qaeda,make their mark.”

But Shehroze Chaudhry, thecentral figure in the 2018 podcast“Caliphate,” by The New YorkTimes, was a fabulist who spun ji-hadist tales about killing for theIslamic State in Syria, Canadianand American intelligence andlaw enforcement officials con-tend.

Mr. Chaudhry, they say, was nota terrorist, almost certainly neverwent to Syria, and concoctedgruesome stories about being anIslamic State executioner as partof a Walter Mitty-like escape fromhis more mundane life in a Toronto

Riveting Story About ISIS, ToldIn a Times Podcast, Falls Apart

This article is by Mark Mazzetti,Ian Austen, Graham Bowley andMalachy Browne.

Continued on Page A18

The New York Police Depart-ment badly mishandled protestsagainst police brutality over thesummer, engaging in “excessiveenforcement” that only height-ened tensions with demonstra-tors, according to a report from acity oversight agency released onFriday.

The 111-page report by the city’sDepartment of Investigation con-cluded that some police officersused aggressive tactics that vio-lated the First Amendment rightsof protesters during the demon-strations, which followed thedeath of George Floyd, a Blackman, at the hands of the Minne-apolis police.

Police officials were unpre-pared for such large and angryprotests, and many patrol officersdeployed to control crowds lackedadequate training, the reportfound. Commanders also reliedtoo heavily on “disorder controltactics” normally used in riots andfailed to strike “an appropriatebalance” between public safetyand civil rights.

“The response really was a fail-ure on many levels,” MargaretGarnett, the commissioner for theDepartment of Investigation, saidat a news conference on Friday.

Police FaultedOver Protests

In New YorkBy ALI WATKINS

Continued on Page A24

Mayor Bill de Blasio announcedon Friday major changes to theway hundreds of New York City’sselective middle and high schoolsadmit their students, a move in-tended to address long-simmer-ing concerns that admissions poli-cies have discriminated againstBlack and Latino students and ex-acerbated segregation in thecountry’s largest school district.

New York is more reliant onhigh-stakes admissions require-ments than any other district inthe country, and the mayor has foryears faced mounting pressure totake more forceful action to deseg-regate the city’s racially and so-cioeconomically divided publicschools. Black and Latino stu-dents are significantly underrep-resented in selective middle andhigh schools, though they repre-sent nearly 70 percent of the dis-trict’s 1.1 million students.

But it was the pandemic that fi-nally prompted Mr. de Blasio, nowin his seventh year in office, to im-plement some of the most sweep-ing school integration measuresin New York City’s recent history.The alterations, however, will notaffect admissions at the city’smost elite selective high schools,like Stuyvesant High School and

City RevampsSchool PoliciesOn Admissions

By ELIZA SHAPIRO

Continued on Page A24

Everyone is tired of living with thepandemic. But if we can safely soldierthrough these next few months, thennormal life will be within reach.

THIS WEEKEND

Special SectionSome top college programs will play adozen games. Cal managed only fourbefore its season ended. PAGE B7

SPORTSSATURDAY B7-11

Football Season Cut ShortA lawsuit over efforts to exclude unau-thorized immigrants in allotting Houseseats was ruled premature. PAGE A22

NATIONAL A20-24

Justices Dismiss Census Case

Attorney General William P. Barr told aWall Street Journal columnist the agencydidn’t target the president. PAGE A22

‘The C.I.A. Stayed in Its Lane’

The bones of British soldiers and co-lonial militia members were disinterredduring a reconstruction of Fort WilliamHenry in New York nearly 70 years ago.Their remains await reburial. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-6

Still No Final Resting PlaceMindful of a history of persecution, theWaldensian Church has been at theforefront of a push to bring refugeesfrom Syria to Italy. PAGE A12

INTERNATIONAL A12-19

A Haven for Syrians in Italy

Kaley Cuoco, the star and executiveproducer of “The Flight Attendant” onHBO Max, and the showrunner SteveYockey discuss the season finale andtheir ideas for Season 2. PAGE C1

A Thriller’s Escapist Appeal

Timothy Egan PAGE A26EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27

Large chain restaurants are finding ithard to operate uniformly while dealingwith different state regulations. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-6

Deviating From the Standard

The electric-car maker, known for itslarge stock-price swings, will be theindex’s biggest addition ever. PAGE B1

Can S&P 500 Tame Tesla?

WASHINGTON — ElizabethGraves, an ardent supporter ofPresident Trump, is not opposedto vaccines. She said she had tak-en flu shots and pneumonia shotsand, having just turned 50, was in-terested in being vaccinatedagainst shingles.

But Ms. Graves, a legal tran-scriptionist in Starkville, Miss.,said she would not be taking a co-ronavirus vaccine — and the sightof Vice President Mike Pencerolling up his sleeve to get vacci-nated on live television on Friday,she added, would not change hermind.

Lawrence Palmer, 51, a fieldservice engineer in Boiling

Springs, Pa., and Brandon Lof-gren, 25, who works in his family’strucking and construction busi-ness in rural Wisconsin, said theyfelt the same way. All are fans ofMr. Trump, and echoed Ms.Graves, who said she was “suspi-cious” of government and that Mr.Pence’s vaccination “doesn’tmean a thing to me.”

It is a paradox of the pandemic:Helping speed the development ofa coronavirus vaccine may be one

of Mr. Trump’s proudest accom-plishments, but at least in theearly stages of the vaccine rollout,there is evidence that a substan-tial number of his supporters saythey do not want to get it.

Until the past week, their objec-tions were largely hypothetical.But with a second vaccine about tobecome available in the UnitedStates — the Food and Drug Ad-ministration on Friday authorizedemergency use of the vaccine de-veloped by Moderna, a week afterthe version developed by Pfizerand BioNTech won the same ap-proval — more people will con-front the choice of getting inocu-lated or not. The authorization willclear the way for the shipment of5.9 million doses over the week-

Trump Pushed for a Vaccine, but His Fans BalkBy SHERYL GAY STOLBERG

Waiting for tests in San Bernardino, Calif. The president has not indicated if he will be vaccinated.ALEX WELSH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A5

Distrust in GovernmentEclipses Virus Worry

for Some in G.O.P.

A two-day spending bill boughtnegotiators some time to try toclear hurdles to a $900 billionstimulus compromise. Page A23.

Congress Averts Shutdown

The Food and Drug Administra-tion on Friday authorized the co-ronavirus vaccine made by Mod-erna for emergency use, allowingthe shipment of millions moredoses across the nation and inten-sifying the debate over who will benext in line to get inoculated.

The move will make Moderna’svaccine the second to reach theAmerican public, after the one byPfizer and BioNTech, which wasauthorized just one week ago.

The F.D.A.’s decision sets thestage for a weekend spectacle oftrucks rolling out as expert com-mittees begin a new round of dis-cussions weighing whether thenext wave of vaccinations shouldgo to essential workers, or to peo-ple 65 and older, and people withconditions that increase their riskof becoming severely ill fromCovid-19.

Jockeying for the next shots inJanuary and February has al-ready begun, even though there isstill not enough of the two vac-cines for all the health care work-ers and nursing home staff mem-bers and residents given first pri-ority. Uber drivers, restaurantemployees, morticians and bar-bers are among those lobbyingstates to include them in the nextround along with those in themore traditional categories of thenation’s 80 million essential work-ers, like teachers and bus drivers.

The rapid progress from lab tohuman trials to public inoculationhas been almost revolutionary,spurred by the nation’s urgentneed to blunt the pandemic thathas broken record after record inU.S. deaths, hospitalizations andeconomic losses. In the last weekalone, there has been an averageof 213,165 cases per day, an in-crease of 18 percent from the aver-age two weeks earlier. And thedaily death toll in recent days hassurpassed 3,200.

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the na-tion’s top infectious disease ex-pert, said in an interview Fridayevening that the advent of twovaccines was “an historic mo-ment.”

“This to me is a triumph of mul-tiyear investment in biomedicalresearch that culminated in some-thing that was not only done inrecord time, in the sense of neverbefore has anybody even imag-ined you would get vaccines topeople in less than a year from thetime that the sequence was madeknown,” Dr. Fauci said.

“This is an example of govern-ment working. It worked reallywell,” he added.

MODERNA VACCINEIS SECOND TO GETCLEARED BY F.D.A.

NEARLY 6 MILLION DOSES

New Supply Fuels DebateOver Who Should Be

Inoculated First

This article is by Denise Grady,Abby Goodnough and Noah Weiland.

Continued on Page A8

Late Edition

VOL. CLXX . . . . No. 58,912 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 19, 2020

Watching Tiger Woods and his son,Charlie, on the golf course offers a sideof Woods fans rarely see: dad. PAGE B11

Woods as Proud Papa

Today, sunshine followed by clouds,cold, high 30. Tonight, mostlycloudy, low 27. Tomorrow, variablycloudy, rain or snow showers, high38. Weather map is on Page B10.

$3.00