cleaning and disinfection of hospital
TRANSCRIPT
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Fundamentals of Infections Control
Aman UllahB.Sc. MLT
M. Phil MicrobiologyMaster in Health Research
Certificate in Health and Physical Education
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Objectives
Describe basic principles of cleaning, disinfection, sterilization
Identify when to use cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization
How to perform cleaning and disinfection of healthcare settings
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Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization
Cleaning General removal of debris (dirt, food, feces, blood,
saliva and other body secretions) Reduces amount of organic matter that contributes to
proliferation of bacteria and virusesDisinfection Reducing the number of microbes on a surface to very
low levelsSterilization killing or removal of all microorganisms
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Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Settings
Practice standards are based on Spaulding's Classification system
Spaulding’s levels are based on the potential for infectious disease spread via equipment, instruments, furniture and others
Spaulding’s levels: •Critical •Semi-critical •Non-critical
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Critical Items
Require sterilizationIncludes items that enter sterile tissue or the
vascular systemExamples include surgical instruments and
accessories, biopsy forceps, cardiac and urinary catheters, implants, needles
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Semi-Critical ItemsRequire minimum high level disinfection (or
sterilization)Includes items in contact with non-intact skin or
mucous membranesExamples include respiratory therapy equipment,
anesthesia equipment, flexible and laryngoscopes, bronchoscopes, GI endoscopes, cystoscopes, vaginal ultrasonic probes
Cleaning process must precede high-level disinfection
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Non-Critical ItemsRequire intermediate-level or low-level
disinfection Includes items in contact only with intact skinExamples include BP cuffs, stethoscopes,
durable mobile patient equipmentHowever, these items could potentially
contribute to secondary transmission, by contaminating the hands of health care workers or by contact with medical equipment that will subsequently come in contact with patients
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CleaningThe principal aim of cleaning is to remove visible dirtMechanical process: the dirt is dissolved by water,
diluted until it is no longer visible, and rinsed offSoaps and detergents act a solubility promoting
agentsTwo main functions: nonmicrobiological (improve or
restore appearance, maintain function and prevent deterioration), microbiological (reduce the numbers of microbes present, together with any substances that support their growth or interfere with disinfection/sterilization
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Disinfection
Activity of a disinfectant process can vary widelyAccording to CDC following can be made:• High-level disinfection: can be expected to destroy all
microorganisms, with the exception of large numbers of bacterial spores.
• Intermediate disinfection: inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses, and most fungi; does not necessarily kill bacterial spores.
• Low-level disinfection: can kill most bacteria, some viruses, and some fungi; cannot be relied on to kill resistant microorganisms such as tubercle bacilli or bacterial spores
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Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection
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Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection
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Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection
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Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection
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Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection
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Thanks