clean combustion technologies that valorize co2
TRANSCRIPT
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Diesel&Gasoline
A global shift from dirty to clean fuel
Biofuels
1990s1930s 2010s Future
ElectricVehicles
CleanFuels
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Oilaccountsformajorityoftotal
transportfueldemandin2040
-BPEnergyOutlook
GlobalpopulaFongrowthisexpectedtogrowfrom7.2Bto8.5B
by2030.
-UnitedNaFons
GlobaltransportaFonrelatedenergydemandisexpectedtoincrease
by2040.
-ExxonMobil
85% 15% 30% 130%
TheworldeconomyGDPwilldoubleinsizeby2050withChina
dominaFngthemarket.
-PwC
Accelerated demand for fuel
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
New i n t e r n a l c ombu sFon e n g i n e p r om i s i n g f u e l effic i e n c y g a i n s b y 2 0 1 9 .
“Sky-Ac(vXpromises20to30%moreengineefficiency.”
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Ac c e l e r a Fn g t h e d e v e l o pmen t o f s u s t a i n a b l e A nd c o s t - eff e cF v e t r a n s po r t t e c h no l o g i e s .
“ImprovingtheICEswillyieldthegreatestbenefits.”
-AhmadAl-Khowaiter,ChiefTechnologyOfficer,SaudiAramco
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
It is<meforcollabora<ontoachievecommongoals.
Conven<onalmodel Consor<ummodel
Tools&SoYware
CleansFuelsConsor<um
Fuels
ChemicalKine(cs
Surrogates
Sprays
Experiments
InformaFonMethodologies
Datavalidatedtools
Shared
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
“Fossil fuels will have to underwrite a transition to other sources of energy”
-Prof.TadPatzek,KAUST
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Our missing is to create zero carbon combustion technology. We have identified paths forward to carbon neutral combustion. The Kingdom has long term interest in seeing this become a reality.
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Clean Combustion = Zero CO2
KAUST
MIT
U Waterloo
U Stuttgart
U Sheffield
SJTU
UC Berkeley
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Identify Fuels and Feedstocks
Molecular Characterization
Physics-Based Simulations
Fundamental Experiments
Computer-Aided Engineering
The CCRC Model
Science-based methods to lower CO2
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use 12
This is how we translate basic research to real world impact
BaselineCuriositydriven
CenterOutcomedriven
IndustrialFundingApplied
ResearchPartnersCollaboraFvePartnersStart-ups
KAUSTInnovaFon
Pu^ngResearchto
Use
Impact&OutcomesReturnonInvestment
(R&d) (r&D)
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
CCRC works with industrial partners
• Saudi Electricity Company – Utilization of low sulfur/high asphaltene HFO/VRO emulsion – Effects of emulsified fuels on gas turbine performance
• Saudi Aramco R&DC – Improving combustion of clean fuels, advanced engine research, – Emissions sensing, hydrogen carriers, and lubricants development
• The Boeing Company – Plasma ignition – Flame arrestors
• General Electric – Crude oil combustion, gas turbine combustion research
• Volvo Trucks – 8-stroke engine for 60% fuel efficiency
• Volvo Cars – Engine donor for the new engine labs
• McLaren Racing – Formula 1 fuel/engine design
• Farabi – Additives, inhibitors, catalysts
• Doosan – High pressure corrosion of gas turbine blades
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Internal combustion engines are not dead
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Context: Improving internal combustion engine technology is the best way to meet environmental and economic sustainability targets
Background: KAUST has demonstrated success in fuel/engine technology deployment.
Strategy: In 2019, an even more ambitious 3.5 year program will being to develop very high efficiency engine technologies.
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Saudi Aramco Confidential
• Higher efficiency compared to gasoline engines
• Lower cost compared to diesel engines
• Makes use of low octane gasoline
• Helps improve Well-to-Wheels emissions (lower C/H)
• Fuel used is lower in Aromatics
Gasoline Engine
Diesel Engine
GCI Concept Engine
Low Octane Gasoline
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) technology
Efficiency
Pow
ertr
ain
Cost
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Program Successes • 200+ academic
publications • Most highly cited and open
source kinetic model • Knowledge and IP sharing • Website with 1000+ hits/
week 15
Collaboration with Saudi Aramco for high efficiency
EngineTechnology
Fuel
Market
Gasoline/Diesel Advanced
Future
GRI-Mech
SanDiegoMech USC
Mech IILeedsMech
AramcoMech
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Numbero
fCita
tions/yr
Year
GRIMechAramcoMechUSCMechIISanDiegoMechLeedsMech
cloudflame.kaust.edu.sa
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
We can simulate combustion at realistic conditions
p=1atm Re=16700
p=2atm Re=33400
p=5atm Re=83500
• Three-dimensional large eddy simulations of turbulent syngas/air flames using a flamelet approach
• The study investigates the effect of pressure on turbulent nonpremixed flames. The findings will guide the experiments to be conducted in high pressure combustion test facility at CCRC.
Simulation for instantaneous temperature field
OH profiles from experiment (left) and simulation (right) 16
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
We can run engines on supercomputer
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In- and near-nozzle flow simulation
700
2000
975
1300
1625
Temperature (K)
700
2000
975
1300
1625
Temperature (K)
700
2500
1350
1800
2225
Temperature (K)
900
HCCISOI: -180 CAD aTDC
HCCISOI: -100 CAD aTDC
PPCSOI: -40 CAD aTDC
X15 X10 X2
Levelofstra<fica<on
Engine simulation
Spray simulation and experiment
Simulation of pre-ignition/super-knock
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10
Max
imum
Pre
ssur
e [b
ar]
CAD
2500K2000K
Saudi Aramco’s FUELCOM project aims to develop high fidelity modeling capabilities for high efficiency engines with future fuels. • Eulerian simulation of liquid spray inside
the nozzle to provide accurate boundary conditions for spray dynamics
• Lagrangian spray models to predict accurate spray break-up and evaporation
• Full cycle engine simulations with high-fidelity combustion submodels to represent mixed-mode combustion.
Simulation
Experiment
Large eddy simulation Experiment 17
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Advanced internal combustion engine technologies exist
1818
CISI
HCCI
PPC
RCCI
DualFuelPre-
chamberSI
SACI
Spark Ignition Compression
Ignition
Homogenous Charge CI
Reactivity Controlled CI
Spark Assisted CI Partially Premixed Combustion
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use 19
Super high efficiency engines 8-stroke
= Dual Compression Expansion Engine, DCEE
Compression 1 Compression 2 Expansion 1
Expansion 2
Multiple patents together with Volvo
Demo engine to be built at KAUST
Potential of 60% fuel efficiency!
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use 20
Valorizing CO2 with combustion science Goals: • 60% thermal efficiency Heavy Duty
high pressure engine running on market diesel
• 50% thermal efficiency Heavy Duty prechamber engine running on market gasoline, very low emissions
• Novel fuel and additive formulations for high efficiency and low emission engines
15 PhD Students
Engine Experiments
Optical Diagnostics
CFD Simulations
Fundamental Combustion Experiments
Combustion Chemistry Modeling
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
• The Allam cycle is a thermodynamic cycle for gas turbines with the potential for electricity production with no CO2 emissions and high efficiency
• No smokestack, no NOx, CO2 capture ready • Captured CO2 can be used for EOR or as feedstock in the chemical industry
• Combustion at extreme conditions – Operating pressure at 300 bar to achieve high-efficiency – Oxy-fuel combustion in supercritical CO2 (95% in volume) – Tinlet ~ 1000 K, Toutlet ~ 1400
Moving to carbon-neutral power generation
NETPOWER
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
• The CCRC helps Saudi Arabia in the transition from fossil-fuel to carbon-neutral hydrogen exporter
– Mitigate the impacts of global de-carbonization policies on Saudi economy
• Excess electricity from variable renewable energy (solar and wind) stored as chemical energy
• Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel for transportation or electricity production is impractical because of its low volumetric energy density
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Burning renewable fuels and hydrogen carriers
Ammonia
• Carbon-free H2 carriers: ammonia – Large existing distribution network – Complete combustion of ammonia
produces only N2 and H2O – Industrial interest as green fuel for gas
turbines
• Carbon-neutral e-fuels – Sustainable solution for the
transportation sector – Target carriers at KAUST: methanol,
formic acid, cyclohexane
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use 23
Combustion and synthesis of hydrogen carriers
𝑇↓0 =358 𝐾, 𝑃↓0 =0.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎,𝑃↓0 =0.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎𝑢↑′ =2.0 m/s
Combustion of hydrogen carriers • Fundamental reactivity measurements • Shock tube studies of ignition delay • Laminar and turbulent flame-speed
measurements at high pressure • Stability, emissions, and flame
characterization of swirl-stabilized ammonia-air flames
• Experimental and numerical investigation of e-fuels in IC-engines
Plasma aided synthesis of hydrogen carriers • Extended fuel reforming study • Comprehensive development of C1-
related plasma chemistry • Potential industrial partner: Aramco,
Shell, (DOE)
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use 24
KAUST carbon management initiative
Carbon Management
CCRC Pre- and
post- combustion
capture
AMPM CO2
separation O2 separation
ANPERC Sequestration
and enhanced oil
recovery
Earth Science
Regional CO2 and climate modeling
KCC CO2 to fuels
and chemicals
Major Deliverables: • Innovative solutions for carbon
management leading to IP generation, technology transfer, and startups
• Global branding of KAUST and Saudi Arabia as a leader in carbon management research
• High visibility workshops to attract young talent into carbon management sciences
• Engagement with in-Kingdom partners – KAPSARC, KFUPM, KACST, Saudi Aramco, SABIC, SEC.