clean cities alternative fuel price report, july, 2016 · clean cities alternative fuel price...
TRANSCRIPT
Ethanol Propane BiodieselNatural Gas
CLEAN CITIES
Alternative Fuel Price Report
July 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2
Welcome to the
July 2016 issueThe Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report is a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the United States This issue summarizes prices that were submitted between July 1 2016 and July 15 2016 by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other Clean Cities stakeholders
Whatrsquos New in This Issue Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)In a reversal of a trend that we have seen for the past three quarters the national average price for most fuels on a per gallon basis as reported by Clean Cities coordinators has increased relative to the previous quarter as shown in Table 2 and Tables 11a through 11g The lone exception was propane with a national average price that decreased by $001 per gallon There was some variation within PADD regions with CNG LNG and B99B100 also showing small decreases in several regions relative to the April report
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
There were a total of 42 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators during the July data collection period Beginning with this issue we will include a separate section on LNG shown on pages 10-11
In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) standard as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicular fuel All the LNG prices that were submitted to us by Clean Cities coordinators for the July AFPR were in $DGE
While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in the report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included a historical graph of LNG vs Diesel prices (Figure 7) as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
Renewable Diesel
Clean Cities Coordinators in California and Oregon reported a total of six (6) data points for renewable diesel during the July data collection period with an average price of $243gallon The number of data points submitted by Coordinators is currently very small If usage should begin to pick up however we may consider including a separate section in the AFPR on renewable diesel in the future
Special Price Variability Report
We recently prepared a special report on historical price variability as a supplement to the quarterly Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report This report examines how variable the alternative and conventional fuel prices submitted by Clean Cities Coordinators have been over time from September 2005 through April 2016 This report will be posted on the Alternative Fuels Data Center website httpwwwafdcenergygovfuelspriceshtml along with the July Alternative Fuel Price Report
Looking AheadWe will continue to improve the Alternative Fuel Price Report based on user feedback We look forward to hearing from you as we implement these upgrades
3
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales
prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1
bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis
bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol
bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations
bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2
bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3
bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages
bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below
FIGURE 1 PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration
Number of Data Points Submitted
Region Gasoline Diesel CNG LNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100
New England 39 31 28 1 7 26 10 4
Central Atlantic 84 76 94 0 95 51 29 3
Lower Atlantic 72 59 59 1 78 121 17 17
Midwest 264 152 126 5 241 79 25 0
Gulf Coast 95 74 63 8 133 138 13 2
Rocky Mountain 98 85 107 10 53 75 11 0
West Coast 126 137 123 17 66 124 25 19
TOTAL 778 614 600 42 673 614 130 45
1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3 Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 22-23
TABLE 1
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
4
Summary of Current Report Information
National Average Retail Fuel Prices Conventional and Alternative Fuels July 2016
Fuel Type4 April2016
July 2016
Change in PriceApril-July
Units of Measurement
Gasoline (E10) $206 $226 $020 per gallon
Diesel $213 $246 $033 per gallon
CNG $202 $205 $003 per GGE
LNG $241 $241 $000 per DGE
Ethanol (E85) $184 $199 $015 per gallon
Propane $277 $276 -$001 per gallon
Biodiesel (B20) $223 $254 $031 per gallon
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$281 $303 $022 per gallon
TABLE 2
Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis
Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5
Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market
Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6
National Average Retail Fuel Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisJuly 2016
Fuel TypePer Gasoline
Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)
Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent
($DGE)
Per Million British Thermal Units
($MBtu)
Gasoline (E10)
$226 $255 $1977
Diesel $219 $246 $1911
CNG $205 $232 $1794
LNG $215 $241 $1671
Ethanol (E85)
$259 $292 $2957
Propane $379 $426 $4539
Biodiesel (B20)
$228 $259 $1804
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$297 $333 $2536
Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand
Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG
Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis
TABLE 3
4 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1368GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
5
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of July 4 2016
Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels
Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources
GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES
Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference
New England $238 $232 $006 $256 $248 $008
Central Atlantic $227 $230 -$003 $283 $254 $029
Lower Atlantic $216 $215 $001 $228 $236 -$008
Midwest $213 $221 -$008 $228 $239 -$011
Gulf Coast $201 $207 -$006 $215 $228 -$013
Rocky Mountain $225 $231 -$006 $231 $244 -$013
West Coast $273 $276 -$003 $275 $271 $004
NATIONAL AVERAGE $226 $229 -$003 $246 $242 $004
EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of 07042016
TABLE 4
The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price
The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators
httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
6
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)
CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($GGE)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $257 $238 $019
Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $188 $213 -$025
Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002
Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038
West Coast $236 $273 -$037
NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021
The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that
are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis
States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in
the current report
FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 5
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2
Welcome to the
July 2016 issueThe Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report is a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the United States This issue summarizes prices that were submitted between July 1 2016 and July 15 2016 by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other Clean Cities stakeholders
Whatrsquos New in This Issue Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)In a reversal of a trend that we have seen for the past three quarters the national average price for most fuels on a per gallon basis as reported by Clean Cities coordinators has increased relative to the previous quarter as shown in Table 2 and Tables 11a through 11g The lone exception was propane with a national average price that decreased by $001 per gallon There was some variation within PADD regions with CNG LNG and B99B100 also showing small decreases in several regions relative to the April report
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
There were a total of 42 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators during the July data collection period Beginning with this issue we will include a separate section on LNG shown on pages 10-11
In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) standard as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicular fuel All the LNG prices that were submitted to us by Clean Cities coordinators for the July AFPR were in $DGE
While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in the report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included a historical graph of LNG vs Diesel prices (Figure 7) as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
Renewable Diesel
Clean Cities Coordinators in California and Oregon reported a total of six (6) data points for renewable diesel during the July data collection period with an average price of $243gallon The number of data points submitted by Coordinators is currently very small If usage should begin to pick up however we may consider including a separate section in the AFPR on renewable diesel in the future
Special Price Variability Report
We recently prepared a special report on historical price variability as a supplement to the quarterly Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report This report examines how variable the alternative and conventional fuel prices submitted by Clean Cities Coordinators have been over time from September 2005 through April 2016 This report will be posted on the Alternative Fuels Data Center website httpwwwafdcenergygovfuelspriceshtml along with the July Alternative Fuel Price Report
Looking AheadWe will continue to improve the Alternative Fuel Price Report based on user feedback We look forward to hearing from you as we implement these upgrades
3
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales
prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1
bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis
bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol
bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations
bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2
bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3
bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages
bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below
FIGURE 1 PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration
Number of Data Points Submitted
Region Gasoline Diesel CNG LNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100
New England 39 31 28 1 7 26 10 4
Central Atlantic 84 76 94 0 95 51 29 3
Lower Atlantic 72 59 59 1 78 121 17 17
Midwest 264 152 126 5 241 79 25 0
Gulf Coast 95 74 63 8 133 138 13 2
Rocky Mountain 98 85 107 10 53 75 11 0
West Coast 126 137 123 17 66 124 25 19
TOTAL 778 614 600 42 673 614 130 45
1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3 Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 22-23
TABLE 1
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
4
Summary of Current Report Information
National Average Retail Fuel Prices Conventional and Alternative Fuels July 2016
Fuel Type4 April2016
July 2016
Change in PriceApril-July
Units of Measurement
Gasoline (E10) $206 $226 $020 per gallon
Diesel $213 $246 $033 per gallon
CNG $202 $205 $003 per GGE
LNG $241 $241 $000 per DGE
Ethanol (E85) $184 $199 $015 per gallon
Propane $277 $276 -$001 per gallon
Biodiesel (B20) $223 $254 $031 per gallon
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$281 $303 $022 per gallon
TABLE 2
Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis
Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5
Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market
Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6
National Average Retail Fuel Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisJuly 2016
Fuel TypePer Gasoline
Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)
Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent
($DGE)
Per Million British Thermal Units
($MBtu)
Gasoline (E10)
$226 $255 $1977
Diesel $219 $246 $1911
CNG $205 $232 $1794
LNG $215 $241 $1671
Ethanol (E85)
$259 $292 $2957
Propane $379 $426 $4539
Biodiesel (B20)
$228 $259 $1804
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$297 $333 $2536
Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand
Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG
Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis
TABLE 3
4 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1368GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
5
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of July 4 2016
Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels
Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources
GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES
Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference
New England $238 $232 $006 $256 $248 $008
Central Atlantic $227 $230 -$003 $283 $254 $029
Lower Atlantic $216 $215 $001 $228 $236 -$008
Midwest $213 $221 -$008 $228 $239 -$011
Gulf Coast $201 $207 -$006 $215 $228 -$013
Rocky Mountain $225 $231 -$006 $231 $244 -$013
West Coast $273 $276 -$003 $275 $271 $004
NATIONAL AVERAGE $226 $229 -$003 $246 $242 $004
EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of 07042016
TABLE 4
The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price
The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators
httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
6
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)
CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($GGE)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $257 $238 $019
Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $188 $213 -$025
Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002
Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038
West Coast $236 $273 -$037
NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021
The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that
are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis
States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in
the current report
FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 5
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
3
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales
prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1
bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis
bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol
bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations
bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2
bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3
bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages
bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below
FIGURE 1 PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration
Number of Data Points Submitted
Region Gasoline Diesel CNG LNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100
New England 39 31 28 1 7 26 10 4
Central Atlantic 84 76 94 0 95 51 29 3
Lower Atlantic 72 59 59 1 78 121 17 17
Midwest 264 152 126 5 241 79 25 0
Gulf Coast 95 74 63 8 133 138 13 2
Rocky Mountain 98 85 107 10 53 75 11 0
West Coast 126 137 123 17 66 124 25 19
TOTAL 778 614 600 42 673 614 130 45
1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3 Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 22-23
TABLE 1
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
4
Summary of Current Report Information
National Average Retail Fuel Prices Conventional and Alternative Fuels July 2016
Fuel Type4 April2016
July 2016
Change in PriceApril-July
Units of Measurement
Gasoline (E10) $206 $226 $020 per gallon
Diesel $213 $246 $033 per gallon
CNG $202 $205 $003 per GGE
LNG $241 $241 $000 per DGE
Ethanol (E85) $184 $199 $015 per gallon
Propane $277 $276 -$001 per gallon
Biodiesel (B20) $223 $254 $031 per gallon
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$281 $303 $022 per gallon
TABLE 2
Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis
Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5
Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market
Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6
National Average Retail Fuel Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisJuly 2016
Fuel TypePer Gasoline
Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)
Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent
($DGE)
Per Million British Thermal Units
($MBtu)
Gasoline (E10)
$226 $255 $1977
Diesel $219 $246 $1911
CNG $205 $232 $1794
LNG $215 $241 $1671
Ethanol (E85)
$259 $292 $2957
Propane $379 $426 $4539
Biodiesel (B20)
$228 $259 $1804
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$297 $333 $2536
Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand
Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG
Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis
TABLE 3
4 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1368GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
5
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of July 4 2016
Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels
Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources
GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES
Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference
New England $238 $232 $006 $256 $248 $008
Central Atlantic $227 $230 -$003 $283 $254 $029
Lower Atlantic $216 $215 $001 $228 $236 -$008
Midwest $213 $221 -$008 $228 $239 -$011
Gulf Coast $201 $207 -$006 $215 $228 -$013
Rocky Mountain $225 $231 -$006 $231 $244 -$013
West Coast $273 $276 -$003 $275 $271 $004
NATIONAL AVERAGE $226 $229 -$003 $246 $242 $004
EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of 07042016
TABLE 4
The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price
The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators
httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
6
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)
CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($GGE)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $257 $238 $019
Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $188 $213 -$025
Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002
Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038
West Coast $236 $273 -$037
NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021
The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that
are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis
States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in
the current report
FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 5
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
4
Summary of Current Report Information
National Average Retail Fuel Prices Conventional and Alternative Fuels July 2016
Fuel Type4 April2016
July 2016
Change in PriceApril-July
Units of Measurement
Gasoline (E10) $206 $226 $020 per gallon
Diesel $213 $246 $033 per gallon
CNG $202 $205 $003 per GGE
LNG $241 $241 $000 per DGE
Ethanol (E85) $184 $199 $015 per gallon
Propane $277 $276 -$001 per gallon
Biodiesel (B20) $223 $254 $031 per gallon
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$281 $303 $022 per gallon
TABLE 2
Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis
Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5
Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market
Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6
National Average Retail Fuel Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisJuly 2016
Fuel TypePer Gasoline
Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)
Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent
($DGE)
Per Million British Thermal Units
($MBtu)
Gasoline (E10)
$226 $255 $1977
Diesel $219 $246 $1911
CNG $205 $232 $1794
LNG $215 $241 $1671
Ethanol (E85)
$259 $292 $2957
Propane $379 $426 $4539
Biodiesel (B20)
$228 $259 $1804
Biodiesel (B99B100)
$297 $333 $2536
Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand
Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG
Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis
TABLE 3
4 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1368GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations
5
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of July 4 2016
Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels
Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources
GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES
Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference
New England $238 $232 $006 $256 $248 $008
Central Atlantic $227 $230 -$003 $283 $254 $029
Lower Atlantic $216 $215 $001 $228 $236 -$008
Midwest $213 $221 -$008 $228 $239 -$011
Gulf Coast $201 $207 -$006 $215 $228 -$013
Rocky Mountain $225 $231 -$006 $231 $244 -$013
West Coast $273 $276 -$003 $275 $271 $004
NATIONAL AVERAGE $226 $229 -$003 $246 $242 $004
EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of 07042016
TABLE 4
The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price
The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators
httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
6
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)
CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($GGE)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $257 $238 $019
Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $188 $213 -$025
Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002
Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038
West Coast $236 $273 -$037
NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021
The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that
are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis
States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in
the current report
FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 5
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
5
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of July 4 2016
Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels
Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources
GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES
Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference
New England $238 $232 $006 $256 $248 $008
Central Atlantic $227 $230 -$003 $283 $254 $029
Lower Atlantic $216 $215 $001 $228 $236 -$008
Midwest $213 $221 -$008 $228 $239 -$011
Gulf Coast $201 $207 -$006 $215 $228 -$013
Rocky Mountain $225 $231 -$006 $231 $244 -$013
West Coast $273 $276 -$003 $275 $271 $004
NATIONAL AVERAGE $226 $229 -$003 $246 $242 $004
EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of 07042016
TABLE 4
The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price
The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators
httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
6
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)
CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($GGE)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $257 $238 $019
Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $188 $213 -$025
Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002
Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038
West Coast $236 $273 -$037
NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021
The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that
are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis
States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in
the current report
FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 5
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
6
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)
CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($GGE)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $257 $238 $019
Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $188 $213 -$025
Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002
Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038
West Coast $236 $273 -$037
NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021
The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that
are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis
States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in
the current report
FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 5
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
7
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gas
olin
e ga
llon
equi
vale
nt (
$G
GE)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 3 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
8
Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)
Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region CNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $291 $256 $035
Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $213 $228 -$015
Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010
Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020
West Coast $267 $275 -$008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014
The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower
than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data
points in the current report
FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL
CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 6
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
9
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r die
sel g
allo
n eq
uiva
lent
($
DG
E)
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont
FIGURE 5 HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CNG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LNG Prices($DGE)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $275 $256 $019
Central Atlantic --- $283 ---
Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002
Midwest $263 $228 $035
Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021
Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023
West Coast $229 $275 -$046
NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005
The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report
FIGURE 6 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL
LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
TABLE 7
DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region
As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold
On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
11
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A
09O
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$125
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont
FIGURE 7 HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
12
Ethanol (E85)
Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol
E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today
Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region E85 Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $255 $238 $017
Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002
Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022
Midwest $184 $213 -$029
Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017
Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025
West Coast $240 $273 -$033
NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027
The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data
points in the current report
FIGURE 8 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 8
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
13
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
EthanolGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Ethanol (E85) cont
FIGURE 9 HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
14
Propane (LPG)
Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7
Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region
Region LPG Prices($gal)
Gasoline Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $298 $238 $060
Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033
Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072
Midwest $260 $213 $047
Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057
Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056
West Coast $295 $273 $022
NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050
The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis
7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary
In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are
lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a
color did not have any propane data points in the current report
FIGURE 10 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE
LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline
TABLE 9
Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
15
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
PropaneGasoline
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Propane (LPG) cont
FIGURE 11 HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
LPG
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
16
Biodiesel Blends B20
B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B20 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $262 $256 $006
Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015
Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008
Midwest $242 $228 $014
Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019
Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012
West Coast $283 $275 $008
NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008
The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report
FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel
Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 10
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
17
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B20Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
Biodiesel Blends B20 cont
FIGURE 13 HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
18
Biodiesel Blends B99B100
B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel
The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis
Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region
Region B99B100 Prices($gal)
Diesel Prices($gal)
PriceDifference
New England $222 $256 -$034
Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028
Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $326 $275 $051
NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057
The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016
On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis
In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that
are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with
a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report
FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL
B99B100 Price Difference
Relative to Diesel
Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis
TABLE 11
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
19
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
B99B100Diesel
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont
FIGURE 15 HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
20
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports
GASOLINE ($ per gallon)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $214 $238 $024 1121
Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966
Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964
Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036
Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105
Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658
West Coast $257 $273 $016 623
NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $233 $256 $023 987
Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224
Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755
Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400
Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436
Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726
West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364
NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549
DIESEL ($ per gallon)
CNG ($ per GGE)
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $242 $257 $015 620
Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856
Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319
Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157
Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100
Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106
West Coast $232 $236 $004 172
NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149
CNG
TABLE 12a
TABLE 12b
TABLE 12c
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $279 $275 -$004 -143
Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---
Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131
Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586
Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043
Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078
West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129
NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084
LNG ($ per gallon)
TABLE 12d
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
21
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $243 $255 $012 494
Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853
Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157
Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084
Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220
Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299
West Coast $229 $240 $011 480
NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $289 $298 $009 311
Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614
Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360
Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335
Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039
Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035
West Coast $294 $295 $001 034
NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $236 $262 $026 1102
Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407
Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280
Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308
Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833
Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912
West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365
NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390
Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in
New England $232 $222 -$010 -431
Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377
Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869
Midwest --- --- --- ---
Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647
Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---
West Coast $324 $326 $002 062
NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783
ETHANOL (E85)
($ per gallon)
PROPANE ($ per gallon)
BIODIESELB20
($ per gallon)
LPG
BIODIESELB99B100
($ per gallon)
TABLE 12e
TABLE 12f
TABLE 12g
TABLE 12h
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
22
Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel
For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel
As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document
Region Private Public
New England $230 $239
Central Atlantic $221 $229
Lower Atlantic $208 $216
Midwest $216 $213
Gulf Coast --- $201
Rocky Mountain --- $225
West Coast $273 $273
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$233 $225
Region Private Public
New England $212 $263
Central Atlantic $178 $214
Lower Atlantic $100 $201
Midwest $185 $189
Gulf Coast $177 $201
Rocky Mountain $171 $196
West Coast $176 $245
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$175 $213
Region Private Public
New England $250 $257
Central Atlantic $274 $286
Lower Atlantic $224 $228
Midwest $204 $230
Gulf Coast --- $215
Rocky Mountain --- $231
West Coast $264 $276
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$255 $245
Region Private Public
New England --- $275
Central Atlantic --- ---
Lower Atlantic --- $226
Midwest --- $263
Gulf Coast --- $236
Rocky Mountain $263 $254
West Coast $182 $261
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$192 $253
TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)
TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
23
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Region Private Public
New England $246 $302
Central Atlantic $134 $295
Lower Atlantic $372 $287
Midwest $184 $269
Gulf Coast $146 $266
Rocky Mountain $169 $282
West Coast $317 $293
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$199 $282
Region Private Public
New England $242 $267
Central Atlantic $270 $264
Lower Atlantic $189 $224
Midwest $195 $249
Gulf Coast $181 $238
Rocky Mountain --- $243
West Coast $292 $280
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$258 $252
Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont
Region Private Public
New England --- $222
Central Atlantic $184 $290
Lower Atlantic $395 $270
Midwest --- ---
Gulf Coast --- $217
Rocky Mountain --- ---
West Coast $360 $322
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$364 $287
TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region
Region Private Public
New England --- $255
Central Atlantic $237 $228
Lower Atlantic --- $194
Midwest $216 $182
Gulf Coast $184 $184
Rocky Mountain --- $200
West Coast $260 $239
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$226 $198
TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
24
Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
$150
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane
2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ
Pric
e pe
r gal
lon
Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG
$175
$200
$225
$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
$375
$400
$425
$450
$475
$500
$150
FIGURE 16 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE
FIGURE 17 ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
25
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)
Fuel Lower Heating Value
Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal
Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal
Diesel 128700 BTUgal
Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE
Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal
Propane 83500 BTUgal
TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values
Conversion to GGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 090
Biodiesel (B100) 098
CNG 100
Ethanol (E85)11 130
LNG 089
Propane 137
TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE
Fuel Conversion Factor
Biodiesel (B20) 102
Biodiesel (B100) 110
CNG 113
Ethanol (E85)12 147
LNG13 100
Propane 154
TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE
Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left
In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference
Conversion to DGE
The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows
Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel
For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows
128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100
To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15
For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
26
Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB99100 Prices
($DGE)Diesel Prices
($gal)Difference
New England $244 $256 -$012
Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003
Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117
Midwest --- $228 ---
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---
West Coast $359 $275 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$333 $246 $087
Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)
RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)
Diesel Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $267 $256 $011
Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010
Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004
Midwest $247 $228 $019
Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024
Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017
West Coast $289 $275 $014
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $246 $013
Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $408 $238 $170
Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129
Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179
Midwest $356 $213 $143
Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152
Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160
West Coast $404 $273 $131
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$378 $226 $152
Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)
RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)
Gasoline Prices ($gal)
Difference
New England $331 $238 $094
Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071
Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036
Midwest $239 $213 $026
Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038
Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035
West Coast $312 $273 $039
NATIONAL AVERAGE
$259 $226 $033
TABLE 17a TABLE 17b
TABLE 17c TABLE 17d
Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)
Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis
Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735
27
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report
Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact
US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom
DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof
For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735