cld war04 b reaction ii web
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The Reaction of the WestThe Reaction of the West
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Europe’s Troubles• Truman believed Communism thrived in
economic hardship & poverty– General George Marshall sent to evaluate
European economies– Reported that they were ruined!– Countries owed US $11.5 billion– Extreme shortages of goods, bread rationed– (E) rationed coal, turned off power each day– ‘[Europe is] a rubble heap, a breeding
ground of hate.’• Winston Churchill
Billy Joel’s Nocturne from the early album Cold Spring Harbor
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Marshall Aid
• Marshall’s Plan– Europe needs $17 billion– ‘Our policy is directed against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos.’
• General George Marshall
– Dec 1947: Congress refused to grant $$$ until …
General George Marshall’s speech of June 5th 1947, outlining what would become the ‘Marshall Plan’
Homelessness
Heating Shortages
Refugees
Destroyed Infrastructur
e
Rebuilding Costs
Bread Lines
National Debts
Which of the seven problems above do you think would be the most urgent for Marshall aid to tackle? Explain your choice.
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Czechoslovakia• 1945-48: Czech coalition gov’t,
though including Communists, tried to be independent of Stalin
• March 1948: Anti-soviet leaders purged– Pro-US Minister, Jan Masaryk, found
dead below open window– Hmmmm …– Communists said he jumped …
• Congress accepted Marshall Plan– $17 billion available over 4 years
Now you know what a kung-fu movie sounds like when it is dubbed into German and remixed
Explain how events in both Greece and Czechoslovakia affected American policy in Europe
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Varied Views of Marshall Plan• Generous act
– Largest aid package in US history– Obvious need & suffering in Europe
• Motivated by US self-interest– Wanted new markets for US goods– Wanted to avoid 2nd Great Depression
• Stalin hated Marshall Plan– Refused to participate– Forbade Eastern European countries from
signing up (Poland tried at first)– S believed anti-Communist aims behind
plan was to weaken his hold on E Europe– S saw plan as trying to make as many
countries as possible dependent upon US
Billy Joel’s Shades of Grey from the album River of Dreams
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Do these political cartoons support or criticize Marshall Aid? Explain your answer.
Do you think the sources give a fair impression of Marshall Aid? Explain your answer.
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Focus Task: How did the USA react to Soviet expansion?
• You are a high-ranking member of the Soviet Foreign Bureau and an advisor to Stalin. Write a briefing paper on the USA’s plans for Europe. Your report should cover:– President Truman’s plans for Europe– The methods being used by Truman to
resist the spread of Communism– Whether you think the USSR should be
worried
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Fin