CLAW/HooF

HCuns23-26. The structure of the hoof wal l and of the under ly ing laminar dermis.

1, per iopl ic dermis; 2, coronary dermis; 3, horn tubules growing from e^pi thel ium over papi l lae (3 ' ) of the coronary

dermis (enlarged in lef t inset) ; i , s t ratum medium of wal l consist ing of horn tubules embedded in less structured

intertubular horn; 5, dermal laminae that interdigi tate wi th the horny laminae of the hoof wal l (see also insets to the

r ight) ;6, per iople;6 ' , stratum externum of wal l (dr ied per iople)

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lnrcunn 23-27. A, Transverse section of the digit at the level of PIII, proximal surface. ,B, Ground surface of the hoofl l rGUxE

Lrt l . a, l l4 l lbvcls9 lsLLIuu ut Lus urElL dL trre ruYur Ptv^I4qr

;Schematic.

i t,2,3, Stratum externum, medium, and internum; 3', white line, slightly narro\ter than 3; 4, wall; 5, primary hornyjilaminae;6, primary dermal laminae; 7, interdigitating secondary laminae; 8, horn tubules; 9, Iaminar dermis; 10,1lpigmented horn produced by terminal papillae; 11, sole; 11', angles of sole; 12, frog;13, paracuneal groove; 14, heel;l15, bulb of heel.

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plcunr 32-13. Dermis over which the horny hoof is pro_duced. .4, B, C, Abaxial , axial , and ground'surface. D,Dorsal surface of dermis and hoof,

1, Per iopl ic dermis; 2, coronary dermis; 3, laminardermis; 3 ' , terminal papi l lae at the distal ends of thelaminae; 4, sole derrnis; 5, dermis of the bulb; 6, per iople;7, wal l of hoof.

ncunr 38-1. Axial and ground surfaces of the hoof.

1, Axial surface of wal l ;2, dorsal border of wal l ; 3,abaxial surface of wal l ;4, sole;5, d ig i ta l pad (bulb) ofhoof.

CLAW/HOOF

FlcuRE 16-8. .4, Transect ion of dog's c law. B, Correctt r imming of dog's c laws. C, Axial sect ion of the dis i t ofthe dog.

1, Unguicular process of d istal phalanx; 2, wal l of c law;3, laminar dermis; 4, crumbly sole of c law; 5, dorsal e last icl igament; 6, middte phalanx; 7, deep digi ta l f lexor tendon;8, d istal sesamoid bone; 9, d ig i ta l pad; 10, sweat glands.

iFtcuRE 21-25. Ground surface of the hoof. The insetr

FrcuRE 32-11. Sagittal section of the medial dieir of theforefoot.

1, Proper (medial) digital extensor; 2, common digitalextensor; 3, coronary dermis; 4, laminar dermis; 5, middleghala1x,6, d istal phalanx: 7, sole dermis covered by sole:8, d ig i ta l cushion;9, deep digi ta l f lexor; 9 ' , f ibers oi deepdigital flexor to the middle phalanx and navicular bone;10, navicular bone; 11, collateral navicular ligament; 12,palmar ligaments of pastern joint; 13, superficial digitatnexor.

lshows the direct ion of hoof nai ls started at the whi te l ine.

1, Wal l ; 1 ' , unpigmented part of wal l ; i " , heel ; 1" ' ,lbar; 2, whi te l ine (union of wal l and sole); 3, sole; 4, f rog; ;j5, bulbs of the heels; 6, paracuneal groove. i

CLAW /VTOOF

plc;unn l0- [6. Schernat ic represeotat ion of nai l , c law, and hoof. ; l -C, l . .ongi tucJinar secrrol , palmar surface ancl heacj-orrv iew of ht tn lan f inqcr t iP. D, E, Longi tucl inal sect ion and palmar surfacc oicanine claw. I i b, I -ongi tudinal secrron andsround surfacc of ecluine hoof.

1, Nai l ( r .val l ) ; 2, "sr>le horn" of nai l ; 3, bulb of f inger; 4, wal l of c larv; 5. . .solchool ; 8. solc ol hoof; 9, f rog. (Based on El lenberger and Baurn, 1943.)

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FlGUii f C*1. .{ Mi.irrgittirl sectior) thlor-rgh thc cltrw of'the dog: a, str:lturn co,ne.,ln of the epicleLmis of the cla*;

Ja,, stratln cor.nellln o1 the epiclenrris of the sole; lr,b', cleep, norrcorniffed- epidermal l:ryers ol the dolsurn zurcl sole of'

I tlie chw; c, corirrrr (papillatecl i:r the alc'a of tlie sole); cl, clLLrv lbld; dl', lirniting funow sep:rrltiltg the sole {iorn the

i dieiti l pnd; e. skin rvith liiir ancl glancis; 1, epiclentris of the digital-pacl with straturn gralulosunr trnd luciduur; g, tubular,

elirds'in the cligitirl pad: li, articular cartilage ol tlre tlrird phirlanx; i, meniscus; k, Sharpey's fibers frorn a tenclor.r

irsertion; l, ungrial cf;st; r'lr, lirt cnshion rvithin the digitrl prrcl; n, lirmellar corpuscle. (Fr:om Trautrnernn A, Fiebiger J:lFllcl,rrlentirls of the Histolcrgy o{ l)ornestic Anirnirls. Copyright 1952 by Comell Uuiversitv. Reprinted by pennission of

lCor.nell Ulrversity Press.) D.-Onyclrocrlptosis rvith the cl:w growing back into the pad. C, Onychornalacia with tl-re cl:rwsl

ot c larv; 6. c l ig i ta l pacl ; 7, wal l of

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Frcu,RE 23-28. Ground surface of the hoof. Half of the Ihoof has been removed ro expose the dermis. ^ " ' '

l1, Posit ion of navicular bone; 2, posit ion of the insert ion l

:l_t:, j.:,o",lexor tendon ; :, t"iri""i' p";;ii;".'i;,ft.,Schmeltz 1Qt t I

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FrcuRE32-12. Ground surface of the hoofs of the forefoot.

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FrcuRE 23-29. Dermis exposed by removal of the hoof

, 1., Periopl ic dermis; 1,, widened periopl ic dermis at rhe ibulb of.the heels; 2, coronary dermis; 3, L;; ; ;- l ; ' l ' ' l4,. terminal papiffae tn-tfre'"nos of the a".rul lu;ninu"lt i ; ic l l :edce of skin; 6, ergot.

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ntcunr 32-14. Dorsal and lateral views of the hoofs of ai:ylorn .3lf: Tl: overgrowth, of sort noin

", ,ir. g..rrOsurlace quickly dries after birth.

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"1.Y"1] '2, whi te t ine;3. .sole; 4, bulb; 4, , dorsal parrof bulbl 5, abaxiaj groove, olvldrng wall from bujb.