clauses -...

Clauses Independent Clauses An independent clause has a subject and a predicate and can

stand alone as a sentence. This stand-alone sentence is called a simple sentence.

Dependent Clauses A dependent clause has a subject and a predicate but cannot

stand alone as a sentence. After reading a dependent clause, the reader is left with a question, not a complete thought. When left to stand alone, a dependent clause is a fragment. Subordinating Conjunctions are used to begin most dependent

clauses. -After, although, as, because, before, if, since, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while Practice Handout 1. What is a clause? (front & back)

Simple Sentences A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause.

Copy the following variations and examples into your notes:

• One subject and verb

• The siren sounded.

• Compound subject

• Cats and dogs ran down the street.

• Compound verb

• My sister acts and sings in the play.

• Compound subject and verb

• Art and archaeology reflect and explain Jerusalem’s history.

Practice

1. Write your own example sentence for each of the above variations.

2. WB Page 94, Exercise 1

WB Page 94, Exercise 1

Compound Sentences A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. The two independent clauses can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS). • for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so • The population of Israel is approximately 4,700,000, but

only 8 percent of people live in rural areas. OR They can be joined by a semicolon (;). • EX: The population of Israel is approximately 4,700,000;

only 8 percent of people live in rural areas.

Practice 1. Write 2 compound sentences: 1 with a comma/coordinating

conjunction and 1 with a semicolon. 2. WB Page 94, Exercise 2

More Practice with Simple and Compound Sentences

Handout:

• Identifying Kinds of Sentences & Combining Sentences

• Combining Sentences 2

Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions connect two equal grammatical items. In the fall, Phillip will either start classes at the community college as his mother wishes or join the Navy, his father’s hope. Neither the potted ivy on the counter nor the dirty dishes in the sink have enjoyed water on their surfaces for the past week. Professor Wilson not only requires a 3,000-word research essay but also assigns a 500-word reaction paper every single week. http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htm

We hiked slowly, whether in a large group or by ourselves. We have seen both the Hoover Dam and the Grand Canyon Dam. Practice 1. WB Page 44, Exercise 2

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htmhttp://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htmhttp://www.chompchomp.com/terms/correlativeconjunction.htm

Complex Sentences A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. If the dependent clause comes first, it DEPENDS on a comma and an independent clause to be a complete sentence. EX: When the fog lifted, we continued our trip. If the independent comes first, no comma is necessary before the dependent clause. EX: We continued our trip when the fog lifted. The dependent clause could also split up the independent clause. EX: The person who will speak last is my sister.

Do not confuse subordinating conjunctions with relative pronouns! Practice 1. Write 3 complex sentences – 1 of each of the above variations. 2. Handout (front and back)

• Understanding Complex Sentences, Identifying Kinds of Sentences • Creating Complex Sentences

file:///C:/Users/lbishop/Dropbox/- SJB 8/Grammar-Writing/Grammar Q1/U3 - Types of Sentences/Relative Pronouns.pptx

Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence consists of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. EX: As he was leaving for school, Larry remembered to take his lunch, but he forgot the report that he had finished the night before.

Practice 1. Write 2 compound-complex sentences. 2. WB Page 96, Exercises 2 & 3

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