clause and sentence
DESCRIPTION
explanation about English clauses and sentencesTRANSCRIPT
Clauses and Sentences
Task :
Are these sentences?
◦ Don’t let the sun go down on me
◦ Mambo No. 5
◦ Oops I did it again
◦ Need you tonight
◦ Help!
◦ Are you sure?
Are they also
clauses?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN A CLAUSE AND A
SENTENCE?
Clause v Sentence
Clause
A group of words that expresses a
whole event containing a subject
& a predicate
Oops, Nik did it again.
Sentence
Expresses at least one complete whole event or situation with a subject & a
predicate
Subject
Predicate
C1
Miriam said that
she loved
Zahier . C2
CLAUSE?
1. The test will be held next month
2. Mariah Carey stole the spotlight from Santa
Claus while pre-taping her performances at the
Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree Lighting in
NYC on Tuesday.
One
sentence and
one clause
One
sentence and
two clauses
Clause
A group of words that expresses a
whole event containing a subject
& a predicate
Nik did it again.
Clause v Phrase
Clause
A group of words that expresses a
whole event containing a subject
& a predicate
Nik did it again
Phrase
Function as a constituent of a
sentence, of a clause or of another phrase
Aishah is the Thinkler
Constituent = a string of words that belongs
together
Types of clause
Dependant Main Expresses a whole
event or situation
Contains a subject
and a predicate
•Can stand by itself
as a sentence
Cannot stand on its
own
Acts as a phrase or
clause constituent
I know that the earth is round
Independent clause
See Tash’s, Nadi’s and Miriam’s video
Dependent clauses
1. Finite dependent clause
2. Non-finite dependent clause
Finite: He said that it was absurd
Non-finite:
1.
2.
To argue with your wife is a big mistake
Being a model student, Tash reads HEK215 lecture notes ten times everyday
3. Yee Wen enjoys swimming in the paddy
field
Finite Non finite
Expresses a whole event
or situation
Contains a subject and
predicate
Must have a finite verb
Starts with a
subordinator
Cannot stand on its own,
but function as a clause
or a phrase constituent
Expresses a whole event
or situation
Contains a predicate
(the subject may be
understood)
Does not have a finite
verb
May not start with a
subordinator
Cannot stand on its own,
but function as a clause
or a phrase constituent
FINITE A N D NON-FINITEVERBS
Finite verb: Refers to the verb form that is limited in tense, person and
numbers
We went to Juru
He caught so many fish there
Non-finite verb:
Does not make distinction of tense, person or number.
E.g. I saw a deer gazing at me
I saw two deers gazing at me
TYPES OF NON-FINITE CLAUSES
To infinitive form
To argue with your wife is a big mistake
Plain infinitive form
The test made some of them cry
Ing form
Being a model student, Tash reads the book ten times everyday.
Yee Wen enjoys swimming in the paddy field
Ed-participle clause: When told by the police how badly injured his victims
were, he said “Good, I hope they die”
Verbless clause: Although not a classic, this video is worth watching.
Every day, if possible, allot time at your desk to sorting and filing.
Read Verspoor &Sauter , chapter 7
Identify the type of clause below
1. Main or dependent?
2. If dependent, finite or non-finite?
If non-finite, what type?
Take my hand
Take my whole life too
I can't help
Falling in love with you
Sometimes a clause may appear as a
constituent of a phrase
AdjP
Deg word Adj Clause
So obnoxious that he had to be expelled
?
Her refusal to show any kind of
emotion is puzzling
The ‘man’ who came from
Hollywood is a woman
NP
Det N Clause
Her refusal to show any kind of emotion
FINITE DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Complement clauses
Adverbial clauses
Relative clauses
Comparative clauses
Peripheral clauses
Examples
1. That this was a tactical decision quickly
became apparent.
2. Be very careful what you tell me.
Complement clauses
1. If you go to a bank, they’ll rip you off
2. Most students are very attentive, though
some may look confused.
Adverbial clauses
1. He warned the public not to approach
the men, who are armed and dangerous.
2. The Meows, who made the video
presentation, are crazy about cats.
Relative clauses
Also known as clausal post-
modifier
What’s the difference between
complement clauses, adverbial
clauses and relative clauses?
Verspoor and Sauter,2002)