Classroom Functions PRESENTED BY: MRS. MANAL M. MEGAHED

Supervised by: Mr. Abdul-Halim Ghandar

School Principal: Mrs. Kloud Al Marzouq

Senior Supervisor : Mrs. Huda Al-Ammar

Ministry of Education Al-Jahra Educational Area

English Language Supervision Al-Samta Int. Sch. For Girls

H.O.D.: Mrs. Entisar Al-Mutairi

Learning Outcomes:By the end of this session ,participants will be able to:

1. Explore the functions of the teacher language.2. Grade the teacher’s language according to the students

‘levels.3. Recognize the importance of eliciting information from

students.4. Analyze concept questions for checking pupils'

understanding.

Key Learning Points:

Functions of teacher language.Grading your languageEliciting information Checking Learners’ understandingAsking concept questions

1 -Functions of teacher language :

Praising

Giving instructions

Prompting Paraphrasing

Narrating

Explaining

Classroom functions

Function Example of teacher language

•LOOK AT THE PICTURE ON PAGE 10 AND TELL ME 5 THINGS YOU CAN SEE IN IT.

• WHAT GAMES ARE THEY PLAYING?

• YOU USE THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR PLANNED ACTIVITY IN THE FUTURE. LEARNER: HE DON’T LIKE THAT. TEACHER: HE…? LEARNER: HE….DOESN’T LIKE THAT.

OK, SO SHE MEANS HERE THAT SHE WANTS HER SON TO TIDY HIS BEDROOM LAST YEAR I WENT ON HOLIDAY TO A VERY SUNNY PLACE. I SWAM IN THE SEA, READ A LOT OF BOOKS AND ATE EXCELLENT FOOD.

WELL DONE!

Look at the examples of teacher language. What is the function of each example? Choose from the options to complete the table and then add another example for each function.

Function Example of teacher language

giving instructions

•LOOK AT THE PICTURE ON PAGE 10 AND TELL ME 5 THINGS YOU CAN SEE IN IT.

eliciting• WHAT GAMES ARE THEY PLAYING?

explaining• YOU USE THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR PLANNED ACTIVITY IN THE FUTURE.

promptingLEARNER: HE DON’T LIKE THAT. TEACHER: HE…? LEARNER: HE….DOESN’T LIKE THAT.

FUNCTION EXAMPLE OF TEACHER LANGUAGE

Paraphrasing / sequencing OK, so she means here that she wants her son to tidy his bedroom

narrating Last year I went on holiday to a very sunny place. I swam in the sea, read a lot of books and ate excellent food.

praising Well done!

LET’S HAVE SOME FUN AND PLAY A GAME!!

2- Grading your language It means changing the language level to suite the audience . It is important for understanding what the teacher says and avoiding misunderstanding.

IT DEPENDS ON THREE FACTORS:

Length ( not padding)

Language ( words are not above the students' level)

Organisation (set limited time / use

gestures)

2- Grading your language

Right everyone, we’ll play a game. Ask your friends these questions. Write their name next to three questions if they say yes. But you can only ask three questions to one friend, then you must change. You have seven minutes. OK, 1,2,3 start!

Part 1

Look at the two sets of instructions for elementary learners for the game Find Someone Who…

Right, now that you’ve had some time to consider this marvelous worksheet, I think it’s appropriate for me to give you some instructions about what it is you are expected to do. What you have to do is get up, socialise, and ask your friends lots of questions. You have round about seven minutes or so for everything, OK? The point of the whole thing is to obtain a ‘yes’ answer for your questions, right? And if you do manage to find a friend who gives you a yes answer, just make sure that you remember to jot down their name against the question promote. One final, crucial rule. To keep you on your toes, there is a system whereby you can only ask one person three questions, and Then you have to move on and speak to someone else.

Why is it important for a teacher to grade language in the classroom?

Length, language used, and organisation. The first one is harder to understand because the instructions contain a lot of padding and some phrases above level (eg. socialise, obtain, the point of the whole things etc). While using some words above level can help learners to acquire language, there are probably a few too many in the first set Organisation is clearly a subjective thing, and in real instructions, teachers do sometimes sequence instructions as they occur, but the first set might be a little clearer if the timing was mentioned at the beginning or end rather than in the middle. You may wish to make the point that the teacher would normally demonstrate an example with the group and also use gestures to support their instructions.

So that the learners understand what the teacher is saying, to avoid misunderstanding.

WHAT ARE THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO SETS OF INSTRUCTIONS?

Which set is clearer for learners, and why?

The second, as length, language and more suited to level, and organisation is arguably clearer (timing at end).

What does ‘grading language’ mean?

It means changing the language level to suit the audience.

You’ll need to work in pairs for this one, if you don’t mind. One person deals the cards out equally face down. There are 24 cards, so that’s 12 each. Then you each familiarise yourselves with the clothes on the cards you have been dealt. The first player chooses a card, puts it face up in the middle of the table and says aloud what is on it. The next player chooses a card, puts it face up in the middle of the table and says aloud what is on it. Continue in this fashion until two cards are the same. If someone sees that there is a match they shout Snap and take all the cards. If they are wrong, they give up all the cards on the table to the first player. Continue like this. The player who has the most cards at the end of the game is the winner

2 -Grading your language

Re-write these instructions for Sports Snap so that they are clearer and easier to understand for elementary learners:

Part 2 [ A n Activity ]

2 -Grading your language

Many possibilities. Here is a sample. As with the first set of instructs ions, you may wish to make the point that the teacher would normally demonstrate an example with the group and use gestures to support their instructions, too.

Work in pairs and make sure you have 12 cards each face down on the table. Player 1 puts a card face up in the middle of the table and says the name of the sport on it. The next player does the same. Go on like this. If someone sees that two cards are the same they shout Snap, and take all the cards. If you are wrong, give up all the cards in the middle to your partner. The player who has the most cards at the end of the game is the winner.

Part 2 [ A n Activity ]

3- Eliciting from learners:

Think of two or more good reasons why eliciting information can be an effective and helpful thing to do in the classroom. Write your ideas in the box below and then compare your ideas with colleagues.

SOMETIMES LEARNERS WILL NEED YOU TO TELL THEM INFORMATION AND ANSWERS. AT OTHER TIMES, IT MAY BE MORE EFFECTIVE IF YOU ELICIT INFORMATION AND ANSWERS FROM THEM.

Eliciting information and answers can be a good idea because….

Evaluation reason Motivational reason Educational reason

Language Practice reason

Psychological reason

Finding out what learners already know or don’t know yet.

Making learners active

Students are responsible for part of their own learning.

Increasing learner talking time

•Giving them confidence + boost their self-esteem.•Making the ideas / points you’re getting are at more memorable to some learners.

Who owns the house? The landlord Does the landlord live in the house? No Who lives in the house? Someone else Do they pay any money? Yes Who do they pay and how often? They pay the landlord either weekly or monthly

4- Checking learners’ understanding:

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING WORDS: LANDLORD TENANT LODGER

How can a teacher check that their learners understand the difference between the above words?

Ask concept questions – it’s important not only to ask ‘do you understand’ as there is no guarantee that learners understand the same meanings. It may also be possible in some classes to bring in students’ own experiences of any of these three roles.

Look at this definition of the word ‘landlord’ and answer the questions below. Landlord A landlord is a person who owns a house. Someone else lives in the house and pays money to the owner of the house. This money can be paid weekly or monthly and is called rent.

Concept questions:

A tenant is someone who pays a weekly or monthly amount to live in a house/flat. They do not own the house/flat. The landlord does not live there.

A lodger is someone who lives in a house/flat with the landlord. They do not own the house/flat. They pay a weekly or monthly amount to the landlord.

Possible concept questions: How many people live in the house? Where does the landlord live? Are any payments made? Who to and how often?

Now write a definition for tenant and lodger. Then write some concept questions.

Tenant

Lodger

POSSIBLE CONCEPT QUESTIONS: WHO LIVES IN THE HOUSE? DOES THE OWNER OF THE HOUSE LIVE THERE TOO? ARE ANY PAYMENTS MADE? WHO TO?

5- Asking concept questions: Write concept questions to help learners understand the meaning of these sentences and phrases :

concept questions

I went to London.

Would you mind if I opened the window?

She must have gone out.

He should have set his alarm.

I used to swim a lot.

You don’t have to smoke outside.

Columbus discovered America. Fleming invented penicillin.

He borrow ten pounds from her. She lent ten pounds to him.

5- Asking concept questions: Write concept questions to help learners understand the meaning of these sentences and phrases :

Possible concept questions

• Am I in London now? • Is it in the past?

I went to London.

• Is the window open? • Do I know the person I am asking? • Am I being polite or familiar?

Would you mind if I opened the window?

• Is she here now? • How do you know? • Where is she?

She must have gone out.

• Are we talking about the past, present or future? • Did he set his alarm? • How does he feel now? • What might have happened as a result of his action?

He should have set his alarm.

Possible concept questions

• Do I swim now? • Did I swim before?

I used to swim a lot.

• Can I smoke outside? • Is it compulsory to smoke outside? • Do I have a choice? • Can I smoke inside if I want to?

You don’t have to smoke outside.

• Which verb describes finding something no one has found before? • Which verb describes designing or making something no one has designed or made before?

Columbus discovered America. Fleming invented penicillin.

• Who took ten pounds? • Who gave ten pounds? • Will he give the money back later?

He borrow ten pounds from her. She lent ten pounds to him.

5- Asking concept questions: Write concept questions to help learners understand the meaning of these sentences and phrases :

A. Classroom Functions:There are a lot of examples of the functions of the teacher language in the set books ; Target English and Over to you :Giving instructions: Target English SB (6A), Unit (2) , lesson (4) P. (9)Eliciting:Target English SB (6A), Unit (2) , lesson (3) P. (8)“What will tourists come to see in Kuwait?”Explaining:•Target English WB (8), Unit (1) , lesson (4) P. (6),ex. No. (7)Use the ------ing form of verbs to make nouns.•Over to you WB (12), Unit (1) , lesson (4) P. (7),Grammar Box.Prompting:•Target English SB (7), Unit (3) , lesson (3) P. (24), Ex. No.(2&4) •Target English SB (7), Unit (3) , lesson (4) P. (25), Ex. No.(8)Narrating:•Target English SB (6A), Unit (1) , Communication” Telling a Story” P. (35),ex. No. (2)•Target English WB (6A), Unit ( ) , lesson ( ) P. (37),ex. No. (6)

B. Grading the Language:Target English SB (8), Unit (4) , lesson (3), Ex. No.(6), P. (31)[ Length – Language – Organisation ]

Checking Understanding (Concept Questions):11th Grade ,Unit (4):Empathy: The ability to imagine how another person is feeling and so understand his / her mood.Compassion: Sympathy or pity for somebody who is suffering .12th Grade , unit (2) :Festival: a day or time when people celebrate something (especially a religious event)Celebration : the act of occasion of doing something enjoyable because it is a special day (religious event)9th Grade , unit ( 9 ) ,lesson ( 1 ) page ( 69)Hurricane : a storm with a violent wind in particular a tropical cyclone. Earthquake : a sudden and violent shaking of the ground , sometimes causing great destruction , as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic actions.Tsunami: a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake ,submarine landslide or other disturbance.

9th Grade , unit ( 1 ) ,lesson ( 1 ) My grandfather used to live in a village.7 th Grade , WB.p. (21)unit ( 3 ) ,lesson ( 2) Faten usually goes shopping on Fridays.7 th Grade , Ps’B.p (29)unit ( 4 ) ,lesson ( 2) Let’s go swimming .8 th Grade , WB.p (29)unit ( 1 ) ,lesson ( 2) Hi, Mum. I’m sitting on the bus.

9th Grade , unit ( 1 ) ,lesson ( 1 ) Waterfall: a vertical stream of water that occurs where a river or a stream falls over the edge of a steep place.Torrent: a fast and powerful rush of liquid , especially water.

Thank you very much for your attendance as well as your effective and valuable participation.