Classification of Classification of Psychiatric illnessPsychiatric illnessClassification of Classification of

Psychiatric illnessPsychiatric illness

Why do we need classification?• Diagnostic Criteria

– Syndromes– Operational definitions

• To share the knowledge about an illness (aetiology, course, prognosis, treatment options etc.)

• Epidemiological purposes• Health Information Systems• Planning services• Research purposes

International classification in

Psychiatry

•ICD (International Classification of diseases)

•DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders)

Chapter V of ICD10• F0 – Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders• F1 – Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive

substances• F2 – Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders• F3 – Mood disorders• F4 – Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders• F5 – Behavioural pattern associated with psychological

disturbances and physical illness• F6 – Disorders of adult personality and behaviours• F7 – Mental retardation• F8 – Disorders of psychological development• F9 - Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset

during childhood and adolescence

Mental illness (Chap.V or F code)Mental illness (Chap.V or F code)

Acute

Organic (F0, F1)

Chronic

Functional Others(F5, F6, F7, F8,

F9)

Psychosis

(F2, F3)

Neurosis(F4) (Minor Mental Health Disorders)

Anxiety

Depression

Somatoform Disorders

OCD

PTSDSchizophrenia

Bipolar

Differentiation of major mental illness

Organic disorder• Clouding of consciousness• Disorientation • Memory disturbances• Known physical

pathology• Positive physical &

investigatory findings• Treat the underlying

condition/s

Functional disorder• Clear consciousness• Well oriented• No memory disturbance• No known organic

pathology

• Negative physical and investigatory findings

• Treat the psychiatric conditions

Organic disorders

Acute • Sudden onset• Short duration• Altered level of

consciousness• Good prognosis if

cause R, reversible• Prototype e.g.(Delirium,

Post ictal confusion)

Chronic• Insidious onset• Slow progression• Generally conscious• Memory disturbances• Poor Prognosis,

irreversible• Prototype

(e.g.Dementia)

Functional disorders

Psychosis• Major Mental illness• Incomprehensible• Endogenous • Usually needs admission• Needs medication• Poor insight• Rehabilitation and long

term care is needed in Scz• Eg: Schizophrenia, • Manic Depressive Disorder

Neurosis• Minor mental illness• Comprehensible• Exogenous • Could be managed outside• Psychotherapy, relaxation• Good insight• Temporary- remove stress,

some may need long term support

• Eg: Anxiety, Reactive Depression, somatization

Other Conditions

• Sexual problems• Child and adolescence problems• Personality disorders• Eating disorders• Sleep disorders• Mental Retardation