classification of textiles
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Classification of Textiles
G.Santhana KrishnanTraining Division
The South India Textile Research Association
![Page 2: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Textile• Textile is a process of converting fiber or
polymer into sheet.• Earlier it was just full fill the basic needs of
human being• To protect from weather• Then converted into 3d structures• Now it goes beyond in clothing science
(comfort, vanity, functional)
![Page 3: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Classification of Textiles
Type of raw material
Manufacturing technique
Application areas
Finishing
![Page 4: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Origin of Fibre
Two origins Natural resources( non ThermoMan Made fibers(thermo plastic, thermo set)Natural fibers there are limitation in properties
and having more variations Manmade fibers produced according to our wish
![Page 5: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Natural fibers
According to the source• Plants (seeds, stem, leaf & seed)• Animal (Hair, saliva)• Mineral (basalt)
![Page 6: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Natural Fibers and Textiles
![Page 7: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Bast fiber
•
![Page 8: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Animal Fibers
Different stages inthe silk mill: brushing(drawing out the end ofthe thread), extracting,
![Page 9: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Man Made Fiber
![Page 10: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Manmade Fibers
• 1. Regenerated Fibers• 2. Synthetic fibers• 3. High performance fibers
![Page 11: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Regenerated Fibers
![Page 12: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
High Performance Fibers
![Page 13: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
YARNS
CONTINUOUS FILAMENT
FLAT
TEXTURED
BIOCOMPONENT
FILM (TAPE OR SPLIT)
SPUN-STAPLE
FIBRE LENGTH
SHORT STAPLE
LONG STAPLE
SPINNING METHODS
RING SPUN
ROTOR SPUN
TWISTLESS
WRAP SPUN
CORE SPUN
YARN CONSTRUCTION (COMPOUND)
FOLDED OR DOUBLED YARN CABLED YARN NOVELTY YARNS
FANCY YARNS
METALLIC YARNS
![Page 14: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Different Spinning Systems
Roving
Siro yarn
![Page 15: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ring Yarns
• Ring Yarns further classified as1.Warp yarn More even and Highly twisted for high strength
2.Hosiearnry Soft bulkier yarn , Less twist
![Page 16: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Non Conventional Spinning
![Page 17: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Open End Rotor Spinning
Vdf, Mf
Transport Air Channel
Rotor Yarn Package
Feed RollSliver
Condenser
Sliver
Feed PlateTrashCombing Roll
![Page 18: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Murata Air Jet Spinning
Core of
Parallel Fibers
Wrapping
Fibers
N1
N2
Front Roller
Spinnin
g Ten
sion
H
Middle Roller
Back RollerApron Pressure
b
Mai
n Dra
ft
k
![Page 19: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Murata Vortex
![Page 20: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fancy yarns
![Page 21: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fabric Manufacturing
It eliminates the yarn production process and makes the fabric directly from fibers.
Polymers
Fibers
Yarns
Woven Knitted Braided Non-woven
Fabrics
Application
![Page 22: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Manufacturing Technic
• Woven fabrics• Knitted fabrics• Non woven fabrics• Braided structures
![Page 23: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Production Rate
Fabric production method
Rate of fabric production
Weaving 1 m/min
Knitting 2 m/min
Nonwoven 100 m/min
![Page 24: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Woven Fabric
![Page 25: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Knitted Fabric (weft Knitting)
![Page 26: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Warp Knitting
![Page 27: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Braided Structures
![Page 28: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nonwoven Fabric
There are normally two steps for making non-woven products.
1. Web formation2. Bonding systems
![Page 29: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Parallel-laid web from carded fibers
![Page 30: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cross Laid Web
![Page 31: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Parellel laid /cross laid web
• Card webs are arranged one over another in a parellel manner
• Strength is high in length wise direction than cross direction
• By means of cross laper, delivery of web turned to right angle
![Page 32: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Air laid Web
![Page 33: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Airlaid web\ wet laid
• Opened fibers are suspended in air and deposited on a perforated sheet or drum
• Fibers dispersed in water and deposited on a perforated felt and drain (Paper, Tea bag technic)
![Page 34: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Types of Bonding
– Needled felts
– Adhesives
– Heat bonding
– Stitch bonding
![Page 35: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Needle Punching
Needle punching
Cross section of a needle-punched bonded fabric.
Fibers held together by frictional Contact between fibers
![Page 36: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Adhesive Bonding
• The strength of fabric increased by adding adhesive. Where strength is not enough
![Page 37: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Thermal Adhessive• Melt-bonding at selected points to give extra stability to a spun bonded
geotextile
• Spun bond and Melt blown systems
![Page 38: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Stitch Bonding
.
Webs may also be given extra strength by stitching them through with yarns.
Such structures are usually more flexible
![Page 39: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Webs from filament
• It is possible to tangle filaments together to form a web. Such webs are much stronger than web made from staple fibres.
• The thermoplastic filaments are welded to each other to form a strong fabric suitable for curtains & tablecloths.
• Sometimes, the filaments are textured before web formation. This allows greater extensibility of the fabric in use.
![Page 40: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Application of Textiles
• Domestic applications• Shirting• Intimate fabrics• Vanity fabrics• Technical Textiles14 groups and 128 applications
![Page 41: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Build tech
![Page 43: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
GEO synthetics• Geogrids - reinforce slopes beneath the waste, walls, cover soils
above geomembranes;• Geonets - in-plane drainage;• Geomembranes – a barrier to liquids, gases and/or vapors and
landfill caps; • Geocomposites –for separation, filtration or drainage;• Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) - an infiltration/hydraulic barrier;
used also for mine rehabilitation, tunnels, secondary containment• Geopipes - landfill applications to facilitate collection and rapid
drainage of the leachate to a sump and removal system;• Geotextiles - filtration purpose or as cushion to protect the
geomembrane from puncture.
![Page 45: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Marine application
![Page 46: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Environmental Care
![Page 47: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Finishing of Fabrics
• General surface finishes (mechanical finishes, chemical finishes)
• Functional Finishes
![Page 48: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Mechanical finishes
![Page 49: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
ffffff
Resistance to sunlight and UV degradation
Abrasion resistance
Reduced flammability
Soil resistance and easy cleanability
Resistant to microbes and other bacteria
Crease resistance
Softer handle and touch
Water proof (water proof & breathable)
![Page 50: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
ffffff
Controlled fragrance release
Anti Bacterial finish
camouflage
Non sensetivity by radors
Radiation Sheilding
Glow fabrics
![Page 51: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Lotus leaf Effect
![Page 52: Classification of textiles](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/5549bfb6b4c90564768b5332/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Smart TextilesIncorporation of: Sensors and actuators MP3, GPS, GSM, Ipod, Iphone Ipad Energy harvesting systems Plastic electronics
Markets: Personal protective garments Medical systems Sports and Leisure Niches