classification of lignocellulose raw materials regarding selected … · 2014-08-23 · method part...
TRANSCRIPT
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Classification of lignocellulose raw materials
regarding selected material properties and
regarding the requirements of three competitors to
reveal options for alternative use
Johann TrischlerLinnæus University, Växjö-Sweden
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Content
• Introduction
– Background
– The considered competitors
– Raw material
• Methods
– Relative method
– Cluster analysis
• Results– Expression of competition
• Conclusion
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Background I
• Competitors: particleboard production, pulp and papermaking, thermal energy recovery
• Increase of competition on the raw material
• Variation of regional access of raw material
• Other sources? - residues/ by-products
• Substitution of wood by monocotyledons
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Background II
Lowering competition
• Using the same raw materials
– More efficient use
– Cascade use (down-, upgrading)
– Recycling
• Using alternative raw materials
– Raw material diversification
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Aim
Searching an expression of competition which
supports evaluating alternative raw materials
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Considered competitors I
Particleboard producing industry
• Relationship between the raw material and board
– Density, stiffness, strength, dimensional stability, internal bond strength, surface strength, appearance
• Influence on additives and production process
– Dimensional stability, internal bond strength, surface strength, colour
• Other influences on the board
– Design of the board, design of the particles
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Considered competitors II
Pulp and papermaking industry
• Dimensions of the fibres
– Slenderness ratio
– Flexibility coefficient
– Runkel ratio
• Amount of fibres
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Considered competitors III
Thermal energy recovery industry
• Moisture content
• Calorific value
• Proportions of fixed carbon and volatiles
• Ash or residue content
• Alkali metal content (ash melting point)
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The raw material
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Criterion Unit Explained byLimitations/Advantages
Particleboard
Density g/m3 Mass at MC=15%Volume
X ~ weightedaverage
Wettability ° Water drop contact angle X < 70°
pH-value - pH X > average
Amount of fibres
% Percentage of fibres X > average
Energy
Calorific value MWh/m3 Mass at MC=15%Volume
X < average
Ash content % In percentage of mass X < average
Ash melting point
°CChemical composition
(Ca+Mg : K+Na)X < average
Pulp andpaper
Slenderness-ratio
-Length of fibre
Diameter of fibreX > 70
Flexibility coefficient
-Lumen diameterDiameter of fibre
X > 70
Runkel-ratio -2 * cell wall thickness
Lumen diameter of fibreX < 1.25
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Method part I
The relative method
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Method part II
The relative method
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Pu
lp &
Pa
pe
rma
kin
g
Energy
Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Abies alba
Larix spp. Pseudotsuga menziesii Betula spp.
Alnus glutinosa Populus nigra Populus tremula
P. tremula x p. tremuloides Salix (short rotation) Fraxinus excelsior
Fagus sylvatica Quercus spp. Tilia spp.
Acer platanoides Paulownia spp. Miscanthus spp.
Phalaris arundinacea Triticum spp. (straw) Brassica napus (straw)
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Method part III
Cluster analysis
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Results
An expression of competition
• Highest competition: medium density, high amount of fibres– Relative method: at least 80% for one competitor and at least 50% for the others
– Cluster analysis: Pinus sylvestris to Pseudotsuga menziesii
• Medium competition: medium/low density, fast growing– Relative method: between 50% and 80% for all competitors
– Clyster analysis: Populus tremula to Populus nigra
• Low competition: high density, small & low amount of fibres– Relative method: more than 30% for all competitors but for one lower than 50%
– Cluster analysis: Fagus sylvatica to Quercus spp.
• Lowest competition: high differences compared to wood– Relative method: for one competitor lower than 30%
– Cluster analysis: not included (monocotyledons)
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Conclusion
• An attempt to express competition of raw material among particleboard producing-, pulp and papermaking- and thermal energy recovery industry
• Relative method: Comparing the species based on relativity should show the suitability of the raw material
• Cluster analysis: Distances between wood species is smaller than between wood and monocotyledons
• Highest competition on coniferous raw material, lowest competition on monocotyledon raw material
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