International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design 24 - 26 April 2014, Istanbul – Turkey

35

Classification of Holograms and Types of Hologram Used in Holographic Art Vildan Işık Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Meliksah UniversityTalas/Kayseri, Turkey vldnsk@gmail.com ABSTRACT Holography is a modern imaging technique which was created by the research and applications of numerous physicists, chemists, mathematicians and engineers, and which is still being continue to develop. With this technique, recording and storage of the light and sound and re-creation of them at the desired time and space is intended. Mainly used in scientific and technological research and applications, holography, also began to be used increasingly in the field of art in many countries, by the time many artists had discovered the artistic potential of this technique in the 1960s. Holography is a technique that include many hologram types. Some of these types could be used in the holographic art, however each hologram type is not appropriate for artistic use. In order to understand which of them could be used in art, firstly classification of this technique as well as the types should be known. In this study, holograms are classified, and hologram types used in the holographic art,and holographic art terms are examined. Keywords: Holography, hologram, holographic art, classification of holograms, types of hologram, terminology of holographic art, INTRODUCTION In 1947, Hungarian scientist Dennis Gabor who’s an electrical engineer and physicist is the first who find the technique and gives it the name of Holography ( Hecth, 2010). With this technique, all the features of the waves; wave intensity (wave height ); wave color (wavelength) and wave direction (wave vibration angle) are recorded, stored and re- constructed (Onural, 2008). Previously, holography was a technique which is used only in laboratories, afterwards it increasinly has began to be used in more and more areas. Artistic potential of holography was discovered by a small group towards the end of the 1960s. Holography has a process which’s similar to the history of photography in terms of technical improvements, market demand and artistic acceptance. The artistic acceptance of the holography and the evaluation of it as a separate art form is based on the post-1980s (Johnston, 2006). Holograms are produced by different techniques in holography, so that there are many different kinds of holograms. Knowledge of the classification of holography and the used varieties in understanding and evaluating the holographic art will contribute significantly to the preference of which type of hologram will be preferred. Therefore, in the study firstly the classification of holograms described and afterwards the hologram types which are frequently used in the holographic art is explicated (Işık, 2014). Classification Of Holograms Holograms can be classified under the following headings (Işık, 2012): Use and Study Area.There are many holograms which are used in many areas and for different purposes such as optics, electronics, medicine, IT, architecture, museology, art, culture, industry, military and security. These are classified according to the use and examination purposes under the headings like medical holograms, art holograms and security holograms etc. Optik and Electonic Elements.Different kinds of holograms arise according to the holographic optical elements (HOE) such as lenses, mirrors, filters, prisms and etc. and holographic electronic elements (HEE) such as electrons, crystal displays, cameras, computers, etc.. which are used in hologram recording and re-construction. Holographic Object.Holographic object can refer to an object which is dead or alive, with or without motion as well as it can refer to the sound frequency, microscopic organisms, electrons which are so small to be seen visibly and subatomic particles. Also sometimes a hologram may be the object of another hologram (fig.1). Depending on the nature of the holographic object different hologram varieties are emerging.

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