FAULTS

BY:

PRAVEEN.S.K (42)

PREMA.M (43)

RAHILA.M (44)

What is a Fault?

Faults are fractures along which movement of

one block with respect to others has taken

place.

This movement may vary from a few centimeters

to many kilometers depending on stresses and

resistance offered by the rocks.

Parts of a Fault

Classification of Faults:

Normal Fault

A fault in which hanging wall has apparently come down with

respect to the foot wall is termed a Normal Fault.

Reverse Fault

This type of fault in which the hanging wall appears to have moved

up with respect to the foot wall and dips at the angle more than 45

degrees.

Thrust Fault

This is a type of reverse faults in which the hanging wall has moved

up with respect to footwall and the fault dip at the angle below 45

degrees

Vertical Fault

A fault in which the fault plane is vertical and either of the walls has

moved upwards or downwards.

Horst Fault

Horst (German = up throw) fault is one in which wedge shaped

block has gone up with respect to the side blocks.

Graben Fault/Trench fault

Graben (German=trench) Fault is one in which wedge shaped

block has come down with respect to side block.

Dip Fault

A Dip fault is a type of fault in which the stike is parallel to the dip of

strata.

Strike Fault

A strike fault is the one whose strike is parallel to the strike of the

strata.

Parallel Faults

A series of faults running more or less parallel to one another and

hading in the same direction.

Step Fault

Step fault is a type of parallel fault where down throw is all in the

same direction a it gives a step like arrangement.