classification mr. binder
TRANSCRIPT
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•There are an estimated 8.7 million species of organisms on earth.
•New organisms are still being discovered and identified
Species of Organisms
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What is Classification?
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Classification is also known as taxonomy
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Benefits of Classifying
•Classifying ensures organisms are named accurately & uniformly•Prevents misnomers (such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish) •Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Sea”horse”??
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Early Taxonomists
•2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist
•divided organisms into plants & animals
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Carolus Linnaeus1707 – 1778
•18th century taxonomist
•Classified organisms by their structure
•Developed naming systemstill used today!!
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Standardized Naming
•Binomial nomenclature used
•Genus species
•Latin or Greek
•Italicized in print
•Capitalize genus, but NOT species
Turdus migratorius
American Robin
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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
DomainKingdom
Phylum (Division – used for plants)Class
OrderFamily
GenusSpecies
BROADEST LEVEL
Most Specific
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•Three domains:1. Archaea
2. Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)
3. Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Domains
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Archaea Eubacteria Eukarya
Archaebacteria Eubacteria Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Fungi
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Domains
Kin
gd
om
s
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ARCHAEA
•Probably the 1st cells to evolve
•Live in HARSH environments
•Found in:–Sewage Treatment Plants
–Thermal or Volcanic Vents
–Hot Springs or Geysers that are acidic
–Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake)
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EUBACTERIA
•Some cause DISEASE
•Found in ALL HABITATS
•Important decomposers for environment
•Commercially important
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Domain Eukarya and its 4 Kingdoms
•Protista (protozoans, algae…)
•Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
•Plantae (multicellular plants)
•Animalia (multicellularanimals)
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Kingdom: Protista
•Most are unicellular
•Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic•Aquatic
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Kingdom: Plantae
•Multicellular
•Autotrophic
•Absorb sunlight to make glucose –Photosynthesis
•Cell walls made of cellulose
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Kingdom: Animalia
•Multicellular•Heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies)•Feed on plants and/or other animals
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Basis for Modern Taxonomy
•Evolutionary relationships1. Homologous structures (same structure, different function)
2. Similar embryo development
3. Molecular Similarity (DNA)