classification grouping things based on their characteristics!!
TRANSCRIPT
Classification
Grouping things based on their characteristics!!
• Biologists who study taxonomy are called taxonomists.
• Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.
How classification began…
“binomial nomenclature”
Two word naming system
Carolus Linnaeus (1707‑1778), a
Swedish botanist
• Linnaeus’s system was based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.
• In this system, the first word identifies the genus of the organism.
• Modern classification systems use a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature that Linnaeus developed to identify species.
• A genus (JEE nus) (plural, genera) consists of a group of similar species.
Species Scientific Names
• The second word, which sometimes describes a characteristic of the organism, is called the specific epithet.
• Thus, the scientific name for each species, referred to as the species name, is a combination of the genus name and specific epithet.
Homo sapiens
Species Scientific Names
Homo = Genus, sapiens = “wise man”
A Russian scientist discovers what appears to be a new type of bird. After conferring with scientists in other countries about the characteristics of this bird, he decides to give the bird a new scientific name. How should he go about naming that bird?
Naming Organisms
Why do we need to name organisms?
What is the name of this organism?
Why do scientists not want to use
common names?
The common name of many animals can be misleading.
Ceylon frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) is a bird.
Killer whales (Orcinus orca )are the largest member of the dolphin family.
Flying fish (Parezocoetus mesogaster) do not fly, but glide.
Seahorse (Hippocampus zosterae) is not a horse, but a fish.
Why do scientist not use common names?
Confusing – more than one common name
Misleading – starfish is not a fish
Why use a scientific name?
There is only one scientific name
Felis concolor
Species Scientific Names
United States and England- Sparrow
Spain – gorrion domestico
Holland – huismus
Scientific name: Passer domesticus
What language is used for the scientific naming?
LATINWhat are the 2 parts of the scientific name?
Genus (Latin for group) species general description exact kind
organisms share a major only 1 kind of organism
characteristic within a genus
Scientific Name
Recognizing Relationships Tell me something about each of these organisms.
Carnegiea gigantea
Nymphaea odorata
Canis familiaris
Peromyscus californicus
Viola tricolor
giant saguaro cactus
fragrant water lily
domestic dog
common California mouse
three color pansy
Genus + speciesnames should be used when
referring to an organism.Species name alone is not
enough.
Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly.
Thamnophis melanogaster is a garter snake.
What is the correct way to write the scientific name?drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster
D. melanogaster
Why are scientific names in Why are scientific names in Latin?Latin?
1. Latin is no longer used in conversation.
2. It’s tradition.
3. Universal.
* Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.
COMMONNAME GENUS + SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAMEHuman Homo + sapiens Homo sapiensDog Canis + familiaris Canis familiarisSpanish lynx Felis + pardina FelispardinaTiger Panthera + tigris Panthera tigrisJaguar Panthera + onca Panthera oncaLeopard Panthera + pardus P. pardusBullfrog Rana + catesbeiana rana catesbeianaCameroon Toad Bufo + superciliaris Bufo superciliarisHouston Toad Bufo + houstonensis Bufo houstonensisNile crocodile Crocodylus + niloticus Crocodylus niloticusCaiman Caiman + crocodilus Caiman crocodilusJamaican boa Epicrates + subflavus Epicrates subflavusPuerto Rican boa Epicrates + inornatus Epicrates inornatusJamaican iguana Cyclura + collei Cyclura ColleiMona iguana Cyclura + stejnegeri Cyclura stejnegeriDesert monitor Varanus + griseus Varanus griseusKomodo dragon Varnaus + komodoensis varanus KomodoensisAquatic box turtle Terrapene + coahuila Terrapene coahuilaPeregrine falcon Falco + peregrinus Falco peregrinusPiping plover Charadrius + melodus Charadrius melodusAudouin's gull Larus + audouinii Larus audouiniiRelict gull Larus + relictus Larus relictusTooth cave spider Leptoneta + myopica Leptoneta myopica