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Approved for public release, distributionunlimited

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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't.agencies and their contractors;Administrative/Operational Use; Nov 1954.Other requests shall be referred toDirector, Armed Forces Special WeaponsProject, Washington, DC.

AUTHORITYDNA ltr, 22 Sep 1976; DNA ltr, 22 Sep 1976

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3N0- P&PO- 2420 ~-4;Q-NFIDENTIAL

Z-11

MATERIAL LABORATORYNEW YORK NAVAL SHIPYARD

B3ROOKLYN 1, NEW YORK

7,

-z

NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE

.NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING

OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, U.S.C., SECTIONS 793 and 794.

THE TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN

ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBrrED BY LAW.

. 11-__

S0O N FID EN T I AL

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REPORTon

C RITICAL THERMAL ENERGIESof

ACETYLATED COTTON FABRICFOR USE IN CANOPY MATERIALS

Prepared by.THE SOUTHERN REGIONAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES

E •Lab. Project 5046-3, !'art 68Final Report 5 Nov 4 NS 081-001

Technical Objective AW-7• APSWP-832L. Banets J. Bracciaventi

Optics and Nucleonics BranchJ. Ma McGREEVY, Head

Superintending Engineer The ''Director'GED. J. DASHEISKY CAPWAIN A. B. JONESý, Jr.,USN

S, ~NAVAL MATERIAL ,A BO RAT0ORY

New York Naval ShipyardBrooklyn 1, New York

55A, 2279Ii _ _

-~ Ii

CONFIDENTfAL

Lab. Project 5046-3, Part 68Final Report

ABDSTRACT

For the purpose of evaluating the resistance of materials to the thermal

radiation of atomic explosions, the critical thermal energies of an acetylated

cotton duck fabric, which was prepared by the Southern Regional Research

Laboratories, U, S. Department of Agriculture, were determined. The fabric

which was submitted by the Bureau of Ships, was ev&luated by exposures to the U IIMaterial Laboratory carbon-arc source of thermal radiation and by examining

"the donsequent damage to the fabric. The damage was compared to that of4 the

corresponding control, an untreated fabric, The methods of exposing the

that both of the fabrics showed sporadic charring at 27 cal/cm2 and

-,destruction at 41 cal/cm2 . The acetylating treatment has no appreciable

influence upon the resistance of the cotton fabric to the exposure to

thermal radiation. 'As determined by a standard flammability test,. the

47progaýtion of flames ;s only moderately reduced by the acetylation proceos.

,

, /

'41

"I !,IS2

CONFIENTIAL

I!

:

I

CONFIDENTIAL

Lab. Project 50[46-3. Part 68

* ~Final Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

AEMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION, 41

EQUIM4ENT AND METHODS5RESULTS

wO~cLUSIONS 6

BIBLIPGR.APHY (1 page)

TABLE I -Critical Thermal Enqrgies of Acetylated Cotton Duck,8 ounces, Prepared,,by the Southe~n Regional Research'Laboratories* i,

5 CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

Lab. Project 5046-3. Part 68Final Report

, ADM INISTRATIVE INIDM1ATION

1. This investigation was requested by Bureau of Ships confidential

letter C-$90/1-5(348), Ser 348-068 dated 28 September 1954 and constitutes

part of the program initially proposed by Commander, New York Naval Shipyard,

confidential letter $99/L5, Ser 960-92, of 14 March 1950 and formally

approved by Bureau of Ships speedletter S95(0)(348), Ser 348-75 of 6 April a

1950O The general Thermal Radiation program at the Naval Material

,Laboratory is under the supervision of the Armed Forces Special Weapons

Projecte

2. ibis investigation'was planned and executed under the direction of

X •T. . ,Monahan, Supervisor of the Optics Section.

.•'i' 'INT•,DUCTIO•i

3. As part of its general program on the effects of the thermal radiation

of atomic explosions, the Naval Material Laboratory is evaluating thecharatteristics, under exposure to intense thermal radiationt of the"

various materials of particular interest to the several ýagencies of the

"Department of Defense. As data become available, these findings are

published. Reported below are the critical thermal energiq3 of an

p acetylated cotton duck material, prepared by the Southern Regional Research

Laboratories of the U. S. Department of Agriculturep New Orleans, Louisiana,

r and submitted by the Bureau of Ships Washington, D. 0, Of particular

interest is the increase in resistance to thermal radiation afforded by the

acetylation process. A sample fabric, untreated, was submitted and evaluated

as a control. CONIDEIALCFE-

SCONFIDENTIALLab. Project 5046-3s Part 68

Final Report

EQUIPMENT AND METHODS

4. The critical thermal energies of the fabrics were determined, employing

the Naval Material carbon-arc source of thermal radiation. The source

consists of an li-mm carbon arc, mounted at the focus of a reflector which

collimates the emitted energy. A second mirror, which is mounted coaxially9

at a distance of twelve feet from the collimator, condenses the radiation

to the mirror's focus. Gradations of thermal d~aage are obtained by varying

the effective exposure time by accelerating a 1x8-inch specimen transversely

through the focus. The carbon arc furnishes an irradiance of 85 c4/cm2sec. ,

over a central area 2mm in width. The exposure times varied friort 0.3 to

0.6 seconds. For exposure to the carbon-arc radiation, the cotton specimens

were mounted on glass melamine blocks which were provided with a cut-out to

furnish an air background.

5 5. In order to determine the difference in flame propagation under standard

conditions (without thermal radiation), a flammability test;,was conducted on -

the two. duck fabrics, in accordance with Method 2022 of Federal Specifidation

LP1406b. In this test, a benzene drop was ignited on the edge of the material

by means of a safety match azid the time required to completely burn a 12-inch

specimen was determined. .K ~RESULTS

6. The critical thermal energies of the cotton duck. fabrics were defined

as Those which produce certain characteristic, reproducible effects on the

5 CONFIDENTIAL

17L

cONMLENTIAL

Lab. Project 5046.-3. pa~rt 68WV Final Report

materials.. such as charring and destruction, The measured critical

energies of the two fabrics are given in Table Is

7.It may be noted that both fabrics showed sporadic charring at

approximately 27 cal/cm2 ,, but this charring was slightly more intense on

the control specimen. There was., however, no appreciable difference

between the two radiant exposure values and in the appearance of the

destroyed clot-hs.

8. The flammability test showed that the untreated duck sample was

consumed in!33 ,/seconds and the acetylated specimens in hi. seconds, Repeti-

tion o±f the test confirmed these results.

CONCMUSIONS

9. The critical. exposure values for.,sporadic charring and for destruction

of the untreated and the acetylated cott4\n duck do ýnot vary appreciably, and

the acdtylating process has only a negliO,,ble influence upon the thermal

radiation resistanceof- the duck fabric.

10. Acetylating reduces the flamepropagat4. nof cotton duck only

modez~ately.

Approved s

ý" The Director

bas

6 CONFIDENTIAL

pA

CONFIDENTIAL,

Lab. Project 5046-3, Part 68Final Report

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Naval Material Laboratory, Critical Thermal Energies of clothingMaterials. gubynitted by the U.S, Marine 21rps, Report No.30 -3, Part 3,

2. Naval Material Laboratory. Critical Thermal Energies of SpecialMaterials, Submitted b -T-f- , MRe

* 3. Naval Material Laboratory, Critir &L Thermal Energies of CanopyMaterials , Submitted by the •__•en--5_ =• r,-. ~ntof the Air -cab-j. I'oJect 5046--3' Part 55 (Apri1954)..

,4. Naval Material Laboratory, Critical Thermal Energies of Curtain"MateriaJsq Submitted bz the Wri_ M "_iW-Developjment Center Deprentof th-E A Force. Lab.* Project 043-3., Part 6Au~g-ut 1954i)7.

5. Naval Material Laboratory, Investi at9n on Reduction of Thermal-RadiationDamage by-Means of Br o Tap and7-mnoph Oph RsinsRaitonr . o. os orus e .

6. Naval Material Laboratory, Detezrination of Energ Distribution atthe Focus of a Parabolic Mirror'and-the Ener Density on a M ovng Sur UO.,

,81qa_192gstef LamSrro" e. e Paorrt - 7 rumy-"y..

:7. Naval Material Laboratory, A Method of Measurin High Intensities atthe Focus of a Parabolic ReflectWor'wt, L"re Relative-Aerture,Report NW'.0r3-er•Or81--8..

CONFIDENTIAL-|

iI

Material Laboratory Lab. Project 5046-3, Pt. 68IFinal ReportEnclosure 1

Table I

Critical Thermal Energiesof

Canopy MaterialsSubmitted by

The Bureau of Ships

Critical EnergyMaterial Description of Effect'll (Gal/an 2 )

1N'V'Cotton Duck 8 oz. Sporadic Charring 27Acetylated, SRRL 979,.%

1%Acet. Destroyed ̀b;y afterflame

CotoDck Untreated Sporadic Charring, 27

8 oil", (Control) Destroyed by afterflame l

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