Classification and main Classification and main

characteristics of heavy fuel oilscharacteristics of heavy fuel oils

Ronan JézéquelRonan JézéquelCedreCedre

Very Heavy Fuel Oil Workshop29-30 November 2006 - Brest - France

HEAVY FUEL OILS:HEAVY FUEL OILS:

WHAT THEY ARE ?WHAT THEY ARE ?

Crude(s) oil(s)

FIOUL FIOUL FIOUL FIOUL

LOURDLOURDLOURDLOURD

HFOHFOHFOHFO

Atmospheric distillation

distillate

Gases+

Naphta

Gas oil

Atmospheric residue

VisbreakingVisbreaker

gas oil

Gases Visbreaker distillate

Visbreaker residue

Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Gases

FCC distillate

Light Cycle Oil

Heavy Cycle Oil

Lubricants unit

asphalt

Waxes

Lubricants

Vacuum distillation

Gas

es

Vacuum residue

Hea

vy V

acuu

m

gas

oil

HFO blend various HFO blend various residuesresidues

Distillation process = Straight Run

Conversion process = Cracking

HFO blend various HFO blend various residues residues withwith variousvarious distillatesdistillates

Distillation process = Straight Run

Conversion process = Cracking

FIOUL FIOUL FIOUL FIOUL

LOURDLOURDLOURDLOURD

HFOHFOHFOHFO

Atmospheric distillation

distillate

Gases+

Naphta

Gas oil

Atmospheric residue

Visbreaker gas oil

Gases Visbreaker distillate

Visbreaker residue

Gases

FCC distillate

Light Cycle Oil

Heavy Cycle Oil

Lubricants unit

asphalt

Waxes

Lubricants

Vacuum distillation

Gas

es

Vacuum residue

Hea

vy V

acu

um

g

as o

il

Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Visbreaking

Crude(s) oil(s)

Residuesfrom distillation processes

from conversion processes

Distillates (cutter stock) from distillation processes

from conversion processes

Small Amount of cutter stock add to residues in order to achievSmall Amount of cutter stock add to residues in order to achieve the e the commercial requirements: commercial requirements:

�� viscosity mainlyviscosity mainly

Heavy Fuel Oil

Chemical composition of HFO depend on:Chemical composition of HFO depend on:�� chemical composition of crude(s) oil(s)chemical composition of crude(s) oil(s)�� nature and number of refinery processnature and number of refinery process�� commercial requirementscommercial requirements

Properties of Heavy Fuel OilProperties of Heavy Fuel Oil

Rather than typical values, HFO properties have to achieve maxima values principally for :

other properties (needed for the purchaser)

� density

� viscosity (cSt) @ 50°C or 100°C

� flash point

� sulfur content

� pour point� ash, asphaltene, vanadium, aluminium content� calorific value

HFOAtmospheric distillation

distillate

Gases+

Naphta

Gas oil

Atmospheric residue

Visbreaker gas oil

Gases Visbreaker distillate

Visbreaker residue

Gases

FCC distillate

Light Cycle Oil

Heavy Cycle Oil

Lubricants unit

asphalt

Waxes

Lubricants

Vacuum distillation

Gas

es

Vacuum residue

He

avy

Vac

uu

m

gas

oil

Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Visbreaking

Atmospheric distillation

distillate

Gases+

Naphta

Gas oil

Atmospheric residue

Visbreaker gas oil

Gases Visbreaker distillate

Visbreaker residue

Gases

FCC distillate

Light Cycle Oil

Heavy Cycle Oil

Lubricants unit

asphalt

Waxes

Lubricants

Vacuum distillation

Gas

es

Vacuum residue

He

avy

Vac

uu

m

gas

oil

Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Visbreaking

HEAVY FUEL OILS: HEAVY FUEL OILS:

Different classifications for different usesDifferent classifications for different uses

Residual Burner Fuel Oils Residual Burner Fuel Oils (RFO)(RFO)

Thermal and Power Plant

Marine Bunker Fuel OilsMarine Bunker Fuel Oils

Ships

Residual Burner Fuel Oils classificationsResidual Burner Fuel Oils classifications

� British classification (BS 2869):� Light Fuel Oil (E)� Medium Fuel Oil (F)� Heavy Fuel Oil (G)

Main parameter of classification

viscosity

� Russian classification (GOST- 10585-99):� M-40� M-100

viscosity

� US classification (ASTM D396-80):� N°5 Fuel Oil� N°6 Fuel Oil

viscosity

� French classification (AFNOR):� Fioul Lourd TBTS� Fioul Lourd BTS� Fioul Lourd HTS

Sulfur content

Marine Bunker Fuel Oils classificationsMarine Bunker Fuel Oils classifications

IFO (Intermediate Fuel Oil) grades

�� Based on Viscosity (Based on Viscosity (cStcSt) at 50ºC) at 50ºC

�� 14 grades from IFO14 grades from IFO--30 to IFO30 to IFO--460 available (IFO460 available (IFO--500; IFO 700)500; IFO 700)

�� Most ‘popular’ are IFOMost ‘popular’ are IFO--180 and IFO180 and IFO--380380

International (ISO) bunker fuel oil grades (ISO 8217:2005)

�� Based on Viscosity (Based on Viscosity (cStcSt) at 50ºC ) at 50ºC (instead of 100°C)(instead of 100°C)

�� 10 grades from RM10 grades from RM--30 to RM30 to RM--700 available 700 available (instead of 15 grades)(instead of 15 grades)

�� Additional letter is added to differentiate HFO with same viscosAdditional letter is added to differentiate HFO with same viscosity ity according to various parameter according to various parameter (density, vanadium content, carbon residue, ...)(density, vanadium content, carbon residue, ...)

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ProspectsProspects

4 different Simulated distillation chromatograms of 4 different HFOs nevertheless classified in the same category.

THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION !!YOUR ATTENTION !!

Classification and main Classification and main

characteristics of heavy fuel oilscharacteristics of heavy fuel oils

Ronan JézéquelRonan JézéquelCedreCedre

Very Heavy Fuel Oil Workshop29-30 November 2006 - Brest –France