classification
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Classification. I. Carl Linnaeus. Classification System 1. Taxonomy – the science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups a. Similar structural characteristics b. Similar functions & behaviors. 2. Taxa – different levels of classification - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Classification
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I. Carl LinnaeusA. Classification System
1. Taxonomy – the science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups
a. Similar structural characteristics
b. Similar functions & behaviors
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2. Taxa – different levels of classificationDOMAIN (3 largest groups – Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)a. Kingdom – Animalia b. Phylum – Chordata c. Class – Mammalia d. Order – Carnivora e. Family – Felidae f. Genus – Felis g. Species – Domesticus
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B. Naming System1. Binomial nomenclature – two-part scientific name
2. Made up of the organism’s genus and species names
3. House cat – Felis domesticus (if typed) or Felis domesticus (if written)
a. Whole name is in italics or underlined
b. Genus is capitalized; species is lowercase
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II. Taxonomy TodayA. Taxonomy & Phylogeny
1. Phylogeny – evolutionary history
2. Species that are closely related by evolution are grouped together
3. Homologous structures – classify more closely together
(Human arm & whale flipper)
4. Analogous structures – similar structures that develop separately in organisms not closely related – classified further apart
(Bat wing & butterfly wing)
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B. Biochemical Taxonomy1. Compare nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA
2. Compare amino acid sequence in proteins
3. Similar sequences? Classify together
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III. Six Kingdom Classification SystemA. Archaebacteria (Domain Archaea)
- Prokaryotic- Unicellular- Auto/Hetero- Some are mobile (flagella)- Methanogens (make methane - found in harsh environments)
Halophiles (love salt – Dead Sea)Thermophiles (love heat – hot
springs, thermal vents)
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Examples of halophilic
(salt loving) bacteria
http://filebox.vt.edu/users/chagedor/biol_4684/Microbes/natrono.html
http://minst.org/images/23899A.jpg
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B. Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
- Pro
- Uni
- Auto/Hetero
- Some are mobile (also by us!)
- In your yogurt, on your hands, E. coli in your large intestine, disease-causing like Strep
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Escherichia coli (E. coli)http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2144.jpg
Bifidobacteria (the kind in your yogurt)
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/gnn_images/news_content/10_02/bifido/bifido_1.jpg
Streptococcushttp://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t028/T028362A.jpg
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C. Protista
- Eu
- Uni (multi – colony)
- Auto/Hetero
- Yes (cilia or flagella)
- Amoeba, paramecium, euglena
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Amoebahttp://greggsutter.com/mt/archives/freelivingameoba.jpg
Parameciumhttp://upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Paramecium.jpg
http://arnica.csustan.edu/Biol1010/classification/euglena.JPG
Euglena
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D. Fungi
- Eu
- Multi
- Hetero
- Not mobile
- Mushrooms, ringworm, athlete’s foot, mold
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Mushroomhttp://www.seattle.net/media/mushroom-thumb.jpg
Microsporum canis (Causes athlete’s foot)
www.provlab.ab.ca/mycol/image/derm/mcanmic.jpg
Microsporum gypseum (Causes ringworm)http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/r/ringworm-fungus-522315-lw.jpg
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E. Plantae
- Eu
- Multi
- Auto (photosynthesis)
- Not mobile
- Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
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F. Animalia
- Eu
- Multi
- Hetero
- Yes
- Sponges, worms, insects, mammals, etc.