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Classical PeriodClassical Period1750-18201750-1820
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Music of the Classical Period
Music of the Classical Period
Unlike Baroque music that is fancy and ornamented, Classical music is simple and unornamented.
Unlike Baroque music that is fancy and ornamented, Classical music is simple and unornamented.
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Why the change?Why the change?
Classicism Simple lines and elegance of ancient Greeks and Romans were being used by artists, architects and composers
Clearer division between parts Brighter contrasts and color Simplicity rather than complexity Melody rather than harmony important
Classicism Simple lines and elegance of ancient Greeks and Romans were being used by artists, architects and composers
Clearer division between parts Brighter contrasts and color Simplicity rather than complexity Melody rather than harmony important
What makes it Classical?What makes it Classical?The best word to describe the Classical time period is BALANCE.
The architecture, music, and art work was all symmetrical and balanced.
Musical effects were removed and dramatic effects were diminished.
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
Monticello
The Oath of the Horatii The Oath of the Horatii by Jacques-Louis David
Simple Music vs. Complex Music
Simple Music vs. Complex Music
Minuet and Trio by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Simple Music vs. Complex Music
Simple Music vs. Complex Music
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by J. S. Bach
The PianoforteThe Pianoforte
By the end of the Classical period, many improvements had been made by Christofori as well as other craftsman, making it one of the most important developments of the period.
By the end of the Classical period, many improvements had been made by Christofori as well as other craftsman, making it one of the most important developments of the period.
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In 1709, the first pianoforte was developed by Christofori in Italy.
Why was the Pianoforte Important?Why was the Pianoforte Important?
The pianoforte allowed the performer to create crescendos and diminuendos as well as being able to play loud and soft at the same time.
The pianoforte allowed the performer to create crescendos and diminuendos as well as being able to play loud and soft at the same time.
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Because the pianoforte allowed for more expression, ornamentation and improvisation were no longer needed.
Music of the Classical Period
Music of the Classical Period
Important forms of the Classical Period include…
Symphony
Sonata
Sonatina
Serenade
Important forms of the Classical Period include…
Symphony
Sonata
Sonatina
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The SymphonyThe Symphony
The Classical symphony was developed in the 17th century.
A symphony is a large, 4 movement work for an orchestra.
The 1st movement is fast. The second movement is slow. The 3rd movement is a minuet or trio in #4time. The 4th movement is often very fast.
The Classical symphony was developed in the 17th century.
A symphony is a large, 4 movement work for an orchestra.
The 1st movement is fast. The second movement is slow. The 3rd movement is a minuet or trio in #4time. The 4th movement is often very fast.
The SonataThe Sonata
• The sonata is for a solo instrument and consists of four movements.
• The 1st movement contains three sections.
• The first section is the Exposition. In this section the theme is stated.
The second section is the Development. In this section, the theme is altered or changed in some way.
The third section is the Recapitulation. This section restates the original theme.
• The sonata is for a solo instrument and consists of four movements.
• The 1st movement contains three sections.
• The first section is the Exposition. In this section the theme is stated.
The second section is the Development. In this section, the theme is altered or changed in some way.
The third section is the Recapitulation. This section restates the original theme.
The SonatinaThe Sonatina
• The sonatina is for a solo instrument and consists of four movements.
• It is the same as the sonata but shorter in length.
• The 1st movement contains three sections.
• The first section is the Exposition. In this section the theme is stated.
The second section is the Development. In this section, the theme is altered or changed in some way.
The third section is the Recapitulation. This section restates the original theme.
• The sonatina is for a solo instrument and consists of four movements.
• It is the same as the sonata but shorter in length.
• The 1st movement contains three sections.
• The first section is the Exposition. In this section the theme is stated.
The second section is the Development. In this section, the theme is altered or changed in some way.
The third section is the Recapitulation. This section restates the original theme.
SerenadesSerenades
•An instrumental composition for a small ensemble intended for evening entertainment.
•An instrumental composition for a small ensemble intended for evening entertainment.
• A love song sung in the evening below the beloved’s window.
EuropeEurope
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Beethoven
Haydn Mozart
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Childhood
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Childhood
Haydn was born in Austria in 1732.
He lived until 1809.
He was born into a musical family.
At the age of 5, he was sent to live with and learn music from a relative who lived near Vienna.
At the age of 8, he sang in the Vienna Boys’ Choir. He sang with the choir for nine years.
Haydn was born in Austria in 1732.
He lived until 1809.
He was born into a musical family.
At the age of 5, he was sent to live with and learn music from a relative who lived near Vienna.
At the age of 8, he sang in the Vienna Boys’ Choir. He sang with the choir for nine years.
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St. Stephen’s CathedralSt. Stephen’s Cathedral
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Franz Joseph HaydnHis Life
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Life
Haydn was good friends with Mozart and a teacher of Beethoven!
In 1790, he married Maria Anna Keller. It was an unhappy marriage.
Haydn was good friends with Mozart and a teacher of Beethoven!
In 1790, he married Maria Anna Keller. It was an unhappy marriage.
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Franz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph Haydn
Haydn was known to have a good sense of humor.
Once the prince made his orchestra stay 2 months longer than usual at his country home. Haydn composed “The Farewell Symphony.” One by one, the players got up and left the stage. Haydn had made his point and the next day, the prince allowed the orchestra to return home to their families.
Haydn was known to have a good sense of humor.
Once the prince made his orchestra stay 2 months longer than usual at his country home. Haydn composed “The Farewell Symphony.” One by one, the players got up and left the stage. Haydn had made his point and the next day, the prince allowed the orchestra to return home to their families.
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Symphony No. 45by Haydn
(1772)
“Farewell Symphony”
Symphony No. 45by Haydn
(1772)
“Farewell Symphony”
Franz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph Haydn In conjunction with his sense of humor, Haydn wrote the “Surprise” Symphony. The surprise comes in the second movement when there suddenly is a very loud chord.
Haydn supposedly said that it “will make the women jump.” Actually it probably made men and women jump!
Concerts in the 1790’s were very long and audience members tended to fall asleep.
In conjunction with his sense of humor, Haydn wrote the “Surprise” Symphony. The surprise comes in the second movement when there suddenly is a very loud chord.
Haydn supposedly said that it “will make the women jump.” Actually it probably made men and women jump!
Concerts in the 1790’s were very long and audience members tended to fall asleep.
Symphony No. 94by Haydn
(1791)
“The Surprise Symphony”
Symphony No. 94by Haydn
(1791)
“The Surprise Symphony”
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Career
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Career
Haydn supported himself by performing, teaching, playing the organ in church, and accompanying singers.
At age 29, the wealthy Hungarian noble family by the name of Esterhazy, hired him as a Kapellmeister. A Kapellmeister is a director of a choir or orchestra.
Haydn supported himself by performing, teaching, playing the organ in church, and accompanying singers.
At age 29, the wealthy Hungarian noble family by the name of Esterhazy, hired him as a Kapellmeister. A Kapellmeister is a director of a choir or orchestra. The orchestra he conducted became
known as one of the finest of the time.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Haydn
Prince Nikolau
s Esterhazy
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Career
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Career
While visiting London 1790, Haydn would conduct a series of concerts featuring his symphonies.
As a result, Oxford University awarded him an honorary doctorate of music.
While visiting London 1790, Haydn would conduct a series of concerts featuring his symphonies.
As a result, Oxford University awarded him an honorary doctorate of music.
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In 1795, he would return to Austria and compose The Emperor’s Hymn. This music would become Austria’s national anthem.
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Franz Joseph HaydnHis Music
Franz Joseph HaydnHis Music Haydn is credited with giving the symphony its modern form and structure. He is known as the “Father of the Symphony.”
In all, he composed over 100 symphonies!
He is known as the “Father of the String Quartet” A string quartet is a small group of four performers. It consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello.
Haydn composed over 70 String Quartets!
Haydn is credited with giving the symphony its modern form and structure. He is known as the “Father of the Symphony.”
In all, he composed over 100 symphonies!
He is known as the “Father of the String Quartet” A string quartet is a small group of four performers. It consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello.
Haydn composed over 70 String Quartets!
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Serenadeby HaydnSerenadeby Haydn
Symphony No. 101by Haydn
(1795)
“The Clock”
Symphony No. 101by Haydn
(1795)
“The Clock”
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Childhood
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Childhood
Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria in 1756.
He lived until 1791.
He began playing piano at the age of 3 and composed his first piece of music by the age of 5!
Mozart and his sister Nannerl toured Europe as children and performed for Emperors, Kings, and Queens.
Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria in 1756.
He lived until 1791.
He began playing piano at the age of 3 and composed his first piece of music by the age of 5!
Mozart and his sister Nannerl toured Europe as children and performed for Emperors, Kings, and Queens.
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Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Childhood
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Childhood
His father, Leopold, was his only teacher. He taught him keyboard, mathematics, Latin, and German.
When he was 6, his father took him to Vienna, where he performed for the emperor and was introduced as a child prodigy. A prodigy is a person who possesses exceptional qualities or abilities.
During this time, Mozart taught himself to play the violin and the organ.
His father, Leopold, was his only teacher. He taught him keyboard, mathematics, Latin, and German.
When he was 6, his father took him to Vienna, where he performed for the emperor and was introduced as a child prodigy. A prodigy is a person who possesses exceptional qualities or abilities.
During this time, Mozart taught himself to play the violin and the organ.
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Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Childhood
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Childhood
In 1770 when Mozart was 14 years old, he heard Miserere by Gregoris Allegri being sung at the Sistine Chapel. When he returned home, he wrote the entire piece of music from memory without error.
Because of this amazing accomplishment, the Pope made him a Knight of the Golden Spur.
In 1770 when Mozart was 14 years old, he heard Miserere by Gregoris Allegri being sung at the Sistine Chapel. When he returned home, he wrote the entire piece of music from memory without error.
Because of this amazing accomplishment, the Pope made him a Knight of the Golden Spur.
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Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Life
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Life
In 1782, at the age of 26, Mozart married Constanze Weber.
He was good friends with Haydn. He composed six string quartets for Haydn and dedicated them to him in 1785.
Mozart’s last years were filled with financial difficulties and health problems.
Mozart died penniless and in debt. He was buried in a unmarked grave in the churchyard of St. Mark in Vienna. The exact location is unknown.
In 1782, at the age of 26, Mozart married Constanze Weber.
He was good friends with Haydn. He composed six string quartets for Haydn and dedicated them to him in 1785.
Mozart’s last years were filled with financial difficulties and health problems.
Mozart died penniless and in debt. He was buried in a unmarked grave in the churchyard of St. Mark in Vienna. The exact location is unknown.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Costanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Music
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartHis Music
Mozart composed approximately 600 pieces of music!
His first pieces of music were published in Paris when he was 7 years old.
His early symphonies were influenced by Johann Christian Bach (J.S. Bach’s youngest son) whom he had met while visiting London when he was 8 years old.
While married to Constanze, he composed three of his most famous operas, Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, and The Magic Flute.
Mozart composed approximately 600 pieces of music!
His first pieces of music were published in Paris when he was 7 years old.
His early symphonies were influenced by Johann Christian Bach (J.S. Bach’s youngest son) whom he had met while visiting London when he was 8 years old.
While married to Constanze, he composed three of his most famous operas, Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, and The Magic Flute.
Classical.net
Symphony No. 41by Mozart
(1788)
“Jupiter”
Symphony No. 41by Mozart
(1788)
“Jupiter”
Piano Sonata No. 16 in C Majorby Mozart
(1788)
Piano Sonata No. 16 in C Majorby Mozart
(1788)
“Dies Irae” from Requiem
by MozartTranslation:
Day of wrath, oh day of mourning,See fulfilled the prophet’s warning,Heaven and Earth in ashes burning.
“Dies Irae” from Requiem
by MozartTranslation:
Day of wrath, oh day of mourning,See fulfilled the prophet’s warning,Heaven and Earth in ashes burning.
Why this song with this movie clip?Why this song with this movie clip?1.Wrath – Anger/Shooting2.The prophet is Night Crawler3.His warning is “Mutant Freedom Now”
4.If no freedom there will be War
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Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
“A Little Night Music”by Mozart
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
“A Little Night Music”by Mozart
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Childhood
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Childhood
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770.
He lived until 1827.
He was born into a musical family.
When he was 4 years old, his father began teaching him piano, violin, and composition.
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770.
He lived until 1827.
He was born into a musical family.
When he was 4 years old, his father began teaching him piano, violin, and composition.
en.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beethoven_house_of_birth_Bonn_2008.jpg
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Childhood
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Childhood
By age 11, he was performing and sight-reading with great expertise. His ability to improvise was compared to that of Mozart as a child prodigy. Improvise means to make music up on the spot.
By age 11, he was performing and sight-reading with great expertise. His ability to improvise was compared to that of Mozart as a child prodigy. Improvise means to make music up on the spot.
In 1787, when he was 17, he met and played for Mozart while visiting Vienna. Mozart was impressed with Beethoven’s improvising skill.
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Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven
In 1792, Beethoven met Haydn in Bonn, Germany. Haydn complimented Beethoven on some of his compositions.
This impressed the elector who then sent Beethoven to Vienna to study with Haydn. An elector is a prince or nobleman.
In 1792, Beethoven met Haydn in Bonn, Germany. Haydn complimented Beethoven on some of his compositions.
This impressed the elector who then sent Beethoven to Vienna to study with Haydn. An elector is a prince or nobleman.
In 1792, Beethoven moved to Vienna where he spent the rest of his life.
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Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven
He started losing his hearing in 1800 and by 1820 he was no longer able to conduct an orchestra.
He was completely deaf the last 7 years of his life.
However, he still composed music, including his famous Symphony No. 9.
He started losing his hearing in 1800 and by 1820 he was no longer able to conduct an orchestra.
He was completely deaf the last 7 years of his life.
However, he still composed music, including his famous Symphony No. 9.
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Ludwig van BeethovenHis Music
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Music
His music is divided into three periods: Early, Middle and Late.
The Early period lasted until about 1802 and was strongly influenced by the works of Haydn and Mozart.
Works from the Early period include… Symphony No. 1 Symphony No. 2 12 Piano Sonatas including “Pathetique”
His music is divided into three periods: Early, Middle and Late.
The Early period lasted until about 1802 and was strongly influenced by the works of Haydn and Mozart.
Works from the Early period include… Symphony No. 1 Symphony No. 2 12 Piano Sonatas including “Pathetique”
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Piano Sonata No. 8“Pathetique”by Beethoven
Piano Sonata No. 8“Pathetique”by Beethoven
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“Somewhere Out There”
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Music
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Music
The Middle period lasted from 1803 to 1814. His works included themes of heroism and struggle.
Works from the Middle period include… Symphonies No. 3 through No. 8
Piano Sonatas including “Moonlight,” “Waldstein’” and “Appassionata”
Fidelio - his only opera
The Middle period lasted from 1803 to 1814. His works included themes of heroism and struggle.
Works from the Middle period include… Symphonies No. 3 through No. 8
Piano Sonatas including “Moonlight,” “Waldstein’” and “Appassionata”
Fidelio - his only opera
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Piano Sonata No. 14“Moonlight Sonata”
by Beethoven
Piano Sonata No. 14“Moonlight Sonata”
by Beethoven
Symphony No. 3 “Eroica”
by Beethoven
Beethoven composed this symphony in admiration of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Symphony No. 3 “Eroica”
by Beethoven
Beethoven composed this symphony in admiration of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Symphony No. 5by Beethoven
The “Symphony of Destiny.” Beethoven described the beginning four notes as, “That’s how fate knocks on your door.”
Symphony No. 5by Beethoven
The “Symphony of Destiny.” Beethoven described the beginning four notes as, “That’s how fate knocks on your door.”
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Music
Ludwig van BeethovenHis Music
The Late period lasted from 1815 onward. His works were characterized by deep, personal expression.
Works from the Late period include… Symphony No. 9 Last five piano sonatas Missa Solemnis
The Late period lasted from 1815 onward. His works were characterized by deep, personal expression.
Works from the Late period include… Symphony No. 9 Last five piano sonatas Missa Solemnis
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Symphony No. 9by Beethoven
“The Symphony of Joy”
Based upon the poem, “Ode to Joy” by Friedrich Schiller.
Symphony No. 9by Beethoven
“The Symphony of Joy”
Based upon the poem, “Ode to Joy” by Friedrich Schiller.
Practice Listening Test
Practice Listening Test
You will hear each song two times.You need to write the ENTIRE title.
SPELLING COUNTS!
Listening 1by Beethoven
Listening 1by Beethoven
Symphony No. 5 “The Symphony of Destiny”
Listening 2by Mozart
Listening 2by Mozart
Piano Sonata No. 16 in C Major
Listening 3by Beethoven
Listening 3by Beethoven
Piano Sonata No. 8 “Pathetique”
Listening 4by Haydn
Listening 4by Haydn
Serenade
Listening 5by Mozart
Listening 5by Mozart
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik “A Little Night Music”
Listening 6by Haydn
Listening 6by Haydn
Symphony No. 94 The “Surprise” Symphony
Listening 7by Mozart
Listening 7by Mozart
“Dies Irae” from Requiem
Listening 8by Beethoven
Listening 8by Beethoven
Piano Sonata No. 14 “Moonlight Sonata”
Listening 9by Haydn
Listening 9by Haydn
Symphony No. 101 “The Clock”
Listening 10by Beethoven
Listening 10by Beethoven
Symphony No. 3 “Eroica”
Listening 11by Mozart
Listening 11by Mozart
Symphony No. 41 “Jupiter”
Listening 12by Beethoven
Listening 12by Beethoven
Symphony No. 9 “The Symphony of Joy”