classical conditioning. ivan pavlov’s experiment originally interested in physiology – studying...
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Classical Conditioning
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Ivan Pavlov’s Experiment
• Originally interested in physiology– Studying effect saliva
had on digestion
• Noticed dogs began to salivate upon seeing experimenter (even without food)
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Pavlov’s Experiment cont.
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StimulusAnything that
causes some kind of reaction.
ResponseAny action that comes from a
stimulus.
Example:Ice cube offered (S)
Dog comes running (R)
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Unconditioned
Response to stimulus is natural and automatic.
Initial Stage: Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response
Example:Ice cube offered (US)
Dog comes running (UR)
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Neutral Stimulus
• Stimulus that has no effect to illicit a response• Specific conditions are necessary – An association must be formed
Sound of Ice Machine (NS) Ice Cube offered (US) Dog comes running (UR)
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Conditioned Stimulus
• An association is made between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned response
• Not a firm tie yet; acts as a hint
Sound of Ice Machine (CS) Ice Cube offered (US) Dog comes running (UR)
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Conditioned Response
• Conditioned stimulus now causes a response on its own
• Same response, but now in reaction to conditioned stimulus
Sound of Ice Machine (CS) Dog comes running (CR)
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Classical Conditioning in Action
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Dog Training
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Emotional Conditioning
• John Watson • In charge of lab rats– Got them to do amazing
things– Realized it was only
through conditioning
• Suggested that deep emotions in humans are just learned experiences
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Little Albert
• 11 month old Albert• Watson gave him a
white rat to play with• Made a loud sound to
startle Albert and make him cry
• Albert soon was scared of the white rat
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Identifying the Pieces
• Unconditioned Stimulus:– Loud noise
• Unconditioned Response:– Fear of loud noise
• Neutral Stimulus:– Rat
• Conditioned Stimulus:– Rat
• Conditioned Stimulus:– Fear of rat
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Extension
• Stimulus Generalization: response spreads from one specific stimulus to other similar ones– Albert became afraid of white bunnies and other things
that resembled the rat.• Extinction: association created through
conditioning disappears– When my dogs don’t go on walks for a while, they forget
to sit before crossing the street• Spontaneous Recovery: sudden reappearance of an
extinguished response