Class Start

CLASS STARTPage 387 activity using groups of 3. You may need to move to make the groups of 3. Do so quietly and quickly. You need to record this in notebook as a class start and each player needs to record the same group results. You will have 12-15 minutes for this activity. Voyage of the H.M.S BeagleDarwin traveled with a crew on the ship the H.M.S Beagle. Which was considered one of the most important voyages in the history of science.During travels, Darwin made numerous observations and collected evidence that led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the way life changes. This hypothesis, is now supported by evidence and has become the theory of evolution.

Chapter 15-1 (pages 369-372)Biological diversity is the variety of living things.Evolution: Adaptations or changes over time by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.Theory: well supported and testable explanation of phenomena that have happened/occurred in nature.

CLASS START 15-2Fold piece of paper in half hamburger style. Fold again in half to make 4 square box on both pieces of paper (white and notebook). Outline paper folds with pencil/marker. You are going to make a foldable of the four main scientist to work on the theory of evolution. You will use these scientist:HuttonLyellLamarckDarwinHuttonLyellLamarckDarwinFoldableYou are going to put the main concepts and ideas these scientist discovered and worked on about evolution using pages 373-377. We will go over the details tomorrow and be sure that you have all the needed concepts as your class start. DARWINWell educated and had a strong interest in natural history.Contributed more to the understanding of evolution than any other scientist.Born in England on February 12, 1809.Knew the importance of evidence to a theory.Published a book called the Origin of Species that proposed the theory of natural selection and evolution. Used many other scientist work for his studies.

HUTTONProposed a theory that geological forces shaped the Earth.That layers of rock form slowly over time. Landforms are shaped by natural forces.Earth was more than a few thousand years old, more like millions of years old. LYELLWrote a book called Principles of Geology that Darwin used on his voyage.Explanation of how geological features could be built up or torn down over time. Lyells work influenced Darwin in that: if the earth could change over time then life could also, and that it would take a great amount of time for the changes, so the Earth was very old. LAMARCKOne of the first scientist to recognize that living things change over time and that all species were descended from other species. Realized species were adapted to their environment. (true)Proposed that selective use or disuse of an organ can result in loss or gain of a trait over time. (false)Continually changing features and traits over time. (true)Can alter shape or size of an organ. (true)Thought acquired traits could be inherited. (false)All organisms have an innate tendency towards complexity and perfection. (false)Many of his hypothesis were incorrect, but he paved the way for many later scientists in the study of evolution and to study that organisms are adapted to their environment.

MATHUSPublished a book called the Essays of Populations, stating that babies were being born faster than those dying. He reasoned that if human population continued to grow there would not be sufficient living space and food for everyone. The problem is he did not take into his reasoning disease and famine.

CLASS STARThttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cC8k2Sb1oQ8

Name 2 facts or things you learned from the video. 15-3 (Pages 378-386)Ideas about species diversity and the process would later be called evolution.Origin of Species: book by Darwin that proposed the mechanisms for evolution that he called natural selection. Evidence that evolution has taken place for millions of years and continues in all living organisms. Earth age is about 4.5 billion years old.Inherited Variation and Artificial SelectionMost important insight was that members of each species vary from member to another.Genetic Variation: heritable variation in plants and animals. Improve breeding by only choosing the fastest, strongest, and largest. Later called Artificial Selection. It is where nature provides the variation and the humans select the variation.

Natural SelectionStruggle for Existence: members of each species compete regularly for to obtain food, living space, mates, and other necessities of life. Fitness: How well suited an organism is to its environment. Ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment. Fitness is a result of adaptations. Adaptations: inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival. Adaptations can be anatomical or structural, or a physiological process or function. Natural Selection Survival of the Fittest: Individuals with characteristics not suited for their environment or have low-levels of fitness either die or have few offspring. Individuals with characteristics that are better suited to their environment or have adaptations that enable fitness, survive and reproduce most successfully. Natural SelectionDarwins survival of the fittest is now known as natural selection.Natural Selection: only certain members of the population produce new individuals. The traits being selected and therefore increasing over time contribute to an organisms fitness in its environment. It also takes place without human control or direction. These are observed changes in a population over many years. Natural SelectionDecent with Modification: living species have descended over time. They have produced organisms that have different structures, established different niches, or occupy different habitats. Common descent: all species, living and extinct, were derived from common ancestors. A single tree of life. Evidence of Evolution1. Fossil Record2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species (common species to a common area)3. Homologous Body Structures4. Similarities in Embryology (similar embryo development and look similar in many ways)

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURESHelp organisms to survive in different environments. Same/similar structure or same development, but different function. (wing, claw, hand, paw, flipper)

Vestigial Organs: traces of an organ that is reduced in size so much that it is a trace of the homologous structure.

Write the summary of Darwins Theory on page 386. Also, make note of the strengths and weaknesses of his theory.CLASS STARTPAGES 389 AND 391 MULTIPLE CHOICE