class osteichthyes - bony fishstaff.4j.lane.edu/~crews_er/crews_science/verts... · class...

Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fish Features: includes a fish with a bony skeleton. scales - round, thin and flexible have jaws - bony and have teeth mouth located terminally (front of head) gills with operculum (bony plate) Bony Skeleton Homocercal Tail - even shape fins have rays - thin membrane over bone, allows for great flexibility Lateral Line System- pits on the side of body, used to sense vibration in the water body shape related to lifestyle Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fish More Features: All bony fish have a swim bladder - gas filled sac that can be adjusted to keep a fish from sinking or rising. This amazing adaptation allows for a heavy skeleton!! Color patterns are used for many reason in fish - Cryptic (blend with environment) Disruptive (stripes, etc that break up shape of fish - common in reefs) Countershading (bottom lighter than top to blend in with water - looking up) Fish Behaviors: most bony fish are VERY territorial bony fish participate in Schooling behavior - well coordinated units, but have no leader. Mostly used for protection, may also be for more efficient swimming. Migration - all fish migrate to some extent - once a day, once a month, or once a lifetime. Usually for feeding - from off shore to onshore or from deep to shallow water. Special migrations: Anadromous - spend lives at sea, but travel to freshwater to breed (example - Salmon) Catadromous - breed at sea, but migrate to freshwater to mature (example - Freshwater Eel)

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Class Osteichthyes - Bony FishFeatures:

includes all fish with a bony skeleton.

scales - round, thin and flexible

have jaws - bony and have teeth

mouth located terminally (front of head)

gills with operculum (bony plate)

Bony Skeleton

Homocercal Tail - even shape

fins have rays - thin membrane over bone, allows for great flexibility

Lateral Line System- pits on the side of body, used to sense vibration in the water

body shape related to lifestyle

Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fish

Class Osteichthyes - Bony FishMore Features:

All bony fish have a swim bladder - gas filled sac that can be adjusted to keep a fish from sinking or rising. This amazing adaptation allows for a heavy skeleton!!

Color patterns are used for many reason in fish - Cryptic (blend with environment) Disruptive (stripes, etc that break up shape of fish - common in reefs) Countershading (bottom lighter than top to blend in with water - looking up)

Fish Behaviors:

most bony fish are VERY territorial

bony fish participate in Schooling behavior - well coordinated units, but have no leader. Mostly used for protection, may also be for more efficient swimming.

Migration - all fish migrate to some extent - once a day, once a month, or once a lifetime. Usually for feeding - from off shore to onshore or from deep to shallow water.

Special migrations:

Anadromous - spend lives at sea, but travel to freshwater to breed (example - Salmon)

Catadromous - breed at sea, but migrate to freshwater to mature (example - Freshwater Eel)

Page 2: Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fishstaff.4j.lane.edu/~crews_er/Crews_Science/Verts... · Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fish Features: includes a! ﬁsh with a bony skeleton. scales - round,

Reproductive behaviors:

Most common is Broadcast Spawning - release of sperm and eggs into the water

courting rituals are common

Sex Hormones are triggered by environmental factors like day length, temperature, food availability, moon cycle

Many marine fishes are hermaphrodites - both male and female

some can be simultaneous hermaphrodites - produce sperm and egg at the same time

some do sex reversal - switch from male to female, or female to male as needed. This change is controlled by sex hormones, but also by social cues (missing female)

Fish Diversity - pictures to enjoy!!!!

Osteichthyes : Tropical Fish Class Osteichthyes: Tropical Fish

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