Class MammaliaClass Mammalia

Subclass TheriaSubclass Theria

Infraclass EutheriaInfraclass Eutheria

Order Primates: Order Primates:

The PrimatesThe Primates

Primate taxonomy and distributionPrimate taxonomy and distribution

Note: Most primates live in the tropics or subtropics.

What makes a primate a primate?What makes a primate a primate?

Shortened rostrumShortened rostrum

Forwardly directed orbitsForwardly directed orbits——binocular visionbinocular vision

Relatively large braincaseRelatively large braincase

Opposable hallux and pollexOpposable hallux and pollex

Unfused and highly mobile radius and ulna in Unfused and highly mobile radius and ulna in the forelimb and tibia and fibula in the the forelimb and tibia and fibula in the hindlimbshindlimbs

Pentadactyl feetPentadactyl feet

ClavicleClavicle

Primate characteristicsPrimate characteristics

Suborder StrepsirhiniSuborder Strepsirhini

Have naked nosesHave naked noses

Lower incisors form a toothcombLower incisors form a toothcomb

No plate separating orbit from temporal No plate separating orbit from temporal fossafossa

Strepsirhine skullStrepsirhine skull

Key characteristics:Key characteristics:

ForwardForward--facing eyesfacing eyes

Lateral postorbital barLateral postorbital bar

Orbital cavity confluent with temporal fossaOrbital cavity confluent with temporal fossa

Primate snout variationPrimate snout variation

Snout of a strepsirhine—wet naked noses

Snout of a haplorhine—dry hairy noses

Toilet claw found in many Toilet claw found in many strepsirhinesstrepsirhines

Suborder HaplorhiniSuborder Haplorhini

SoSo--called called ““higher primateshigher primates””

Have furry nosesHave furry noses

Plate separates the orbit from the Plate separates the orbit from the temporal fossatemporal fossa

Lack a toothcombLack a toothcomb

Primate subordersPrimate suborders

Primate teethPrimate teeth

RingRing--tailed lemurtailed lemurLemur cattaLemur catta

Family LemuridaeFamily Lemuridae

FatFat--tailed dwarf lemurtailed dwarf lemurCheirogaleus mediusCheirogaleus medius

Family LemuridaeFamily Lemuridae

Gray mouse lemur Gray mouse lemur Microcebus murinusMicrocebus murinus

Family CheirogaleidaeFamily Cheirogaleidae

Indrid lemurIndrid lemurIndri indriIndri indri

Family IndridaeFamily Indridae

AyeAye--ayeayeDaubentonia madagascariensisDaubentonia madagascariensis

Family DaubentoniidaeFamily Daubentoniidae

BushbabyBushbabyGalago senegalensisGalago senegalensisFamily GalagonidaeFamily Galagonidae

PottoPottoPerodicticus pottoPerodicticus potto

Family LoridaeFamily Loridae

Sportive lemur Sportive lemur LepilemurLepilemur mustelinusmustelinusFamily MegaladapidaeFamily Megaladapidae

Western tarsierWestern tarsierTarsius bancanusTarsius bancanusFamily TarsiidaeFamily Tarsiidae

Spider monkeySpider monkeyAteles geoffroyiAteles geoffroyiFamily CebidaeFamily Cebidae

CapuchinCapuchinCebus nigrivittatusCebus nigrivittatus

Family CebidaeFamily Cebidae

Vervet monkeyVervet monkeyCercopithecus aethiopsCercopithecus aethiopsFamily CercopithecidaeFamily Cercopithecidae

Olive baboonOlive baboonPapio cynocephalusPapio cynocephalus

Family CercopithecidaeFamily Cercopithecidae

Golden lion marmosetGolden lion marmosetLeontopithecus rosaliaLeontopithecus rosaliaFamily CallithricidaeFamily Callithricidae

WhiteWhite--handed gibbon handed gibbon Hylobates larHylobates lar

Family HylobatidaeFamily Hylobatidae

Agile gibbonAgile gibbonHylobates agilisHylobates agilis

Family HylobatidaeFamily Hylobatidae

Family HominidaeFamily HominidaeChimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans,

humanshumans

Includes 4 genera and 5 speciesIncludes 4 genera and 5 species

Nonhuman members restricted to Nonhuman members restricted to equatorial Africa, Sumatra, and Borneoequatorial Africa, Sumatra, and Borneo

Family HominidaeFamily Hominidae

ChimpanzeeChimpanzeePan troglodytesPan troglodytes

Family HominidaeFamily Hominidae

GorillaGorillaGorilla gorillaGorilla gorilla

Family HominidaeFamily Hominidae

OrangutanOrangutanPongo pygmaeusPongo pygmaeus

Family HominidaeFamily Hominidae