class 1 introduction 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADORUNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR
WESTERN MULTIDISCIPLINARYWESTERN MULTIDISCIPLINARYFACULTYFACULTY
LANGUAGE DEPARTMENTLANGUAGE DEPARTMENT
AMERICAN ENGLISHAMERICAN ENGLISH
PRONUNCIATIONPRONUNCIATION
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PRESENTATION
English pronunciation is designed to help
students
improve pronunciation skills,
overcome pronunciation problems when speaking,
avoid being misunderstood by other people,
communicate clearly.
increase vocabulary.
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This will be done by studying and practicing
the following features:
segmentals (phonemes) and
suprasegmentals (stress and intonation)
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Frequent practice and review are important
Improvement takes time.
TIPS:
Always read aloud.
Immerse yourself in the language, throughconversations, movies, music, etc.
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INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH
PRONUNCIATION
PHONETICS-The study of the sound of language
-The study ofspeech sounds used in the
languages of the world
- the study of the sounds made by thehuman voice in speech
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THREE WAYS OF APPROACHING
PHONETICS:
Articulatory PhoneticsArticulatory Phonetics::
Acoustic Phonetics:Acoustic Phonetics:
The physical properties of sound waves.The physical properties of sound waves.
Auditory Phonetics:Auditory Phonetics:
Perception of the sounds by the brain.Perception of the sounds by the brain.
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Articulatory phoneticsArticulatory phonetics
Physiological mechanism of speechPhysiological mechanism of speech
production.production.
The study of how phones* areproduced
*Phone= A speech sound
represented with phonetic symbols(Consonants and
vowels)
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ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
Sounds are formed by the motion ofair through
the mouth
Consonants:
Made by restricting or blocking the airflow in some way
May be voiced or voiceless
Vowels:
Made with less obstruction
Usually voiced
Generally louder and longer than consonants
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ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
Consonants are defined by
Place of articulation
The point of maximum constriction
Manner of articulation
How the restriction of airflow is made
Voicing
State of the glottis
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS:
Consonants:
Consonants are sounds made by blocking the
flow of air coming out from the lungs. In the case
of the sounds /j/ (as in yellow) and /w/ (as in
west) the distinction is not clear. These are called
semi-vowels. The consonant is voiced when the
blockage of air is accompanied by vibration of thevocal cords. If there is no vibration of the vocal
cords, the consonant is unvoiced.
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ALLOPHONE
In phonetics, an allophone (from the Greek:
, llos, "other" and , phn, "voice,sound") is a variant of a phoneme; changing
the allophone will not change the meaning of a
word, but the result may sound non-native, or
be unintelligible.
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Phoneme:
A phoneme is a sound unit which is
significant in a language. Another word forphoneme is sound. A phoneme is an abstract
unit of speech sound that can distinguish
words: That is, changing a phoneme in a word
can produce another word.
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Vowels:
A vowel is a sound produced when the flow ofair from the lungs is not blocked and the vocal
cords are vibrating. Different vowels can beproduced by changing the position of the tongue.Which vowel is produced depends on which partof the tongue is raised and how far it is raised.Vowels can vary in length, and in one of the
versions of the phonetic alphabet script, thelonger vowels have two dots after them, forexample, /i:/.
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Phone
Its a speech sound or gesture considered aphysical event without regard to its place in the
phonology of a language
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Diphthong:
A diphthong is a complex vowel. It starts
sounding like one vowel sound and thenchanges and ends sounding like another. An
example is the vowel sound in rain /rein./
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Consonant Cluster:
A consonant cluster is two or more consonant sounds together; for
example, the /spr/ at the beginning of the word spring /sprI/.
Inflections: The past tense inflection ed is pronounced in three differentways depending on the last sound in the verb. If the main verb ends with
the sound /t/ or /d/ ed is pronounced /Id/. If the verb ends with a
voiceless consonant other than /t/, ed is pronounced /t/. If the verb ends
with any other sound, ed is pronounced /d/. Examples of these three
inflections are: 1. Wanted /wntId/ 2. Walked /wkkt/
3. Called /kld/
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Articulators:
are the different parts of the mouth area
that we use when speaking, such as the lips,tongue, teeth, and jaw.
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REMEMBER
When it comes to writing, English language
uses 26 different letter from the Alphabet,
however, when it comes to speaking there are
over 44 different sounds that can be made
through this language. We call these sounds
phonemes.
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REMEMBER
Identifying these sounds may be difficult in thebeginning but with some further knowledgeand practice you will be able to master them
all. There are, of course, 44 writing characters to
represent these phonemes that, all together,make a phonetic alphabet. (PA)