TheyThey have boughthave bought a new house.a new house.(When did they buy it? We don’t know when;the time is not mentioned.)

HeHe hahass lived lived in in France France since 1991.since 1991.( He still lives in France.)

HHaave ve youyou ever eaten ever eaten fried ants?fried ants?

1.1. Action started in the past and continues up to the present.Action started in the past and continues up to the present.2.2. Experience.Experience.3.3. Unspecific time.Unspecific time.

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11

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I washed

We have cleaned

You (`ve) danced

They finished

done

He been

She has bought

It (`s) begun

I washed

We have cleaned

You (`ve) danced

They finished

done

He been

She has bought

It (`s) begun

I washed

We haven`t cleaned

You (have not) danced

They finished

done

He been

She hasn`t bought

It (has not) begun

I washed

We haven`t cleaned

You (have not) danced

They finished

done

He been

She hasn`t bought

It (has not) begun

STRUCTURE

Positive Positive NegativeNegative

EXAMPLES

• I HAVE GONE TO SPAIN.

EXAMPLES

• HE HAS HAD AN ACCIDENT.

EXAMPLES

• I HAVEN’T GONE TO INDIA.

EXAMPLES

• SHE HASN’T PLAYED GOLF.

EXAMPLES

• HE HASN’T FIXED A CAR.

EXAMPLES

• THEY HAVEN’T SEEN AN ALIEN.

I washed?

Have we cleaned?

you danced?

they finished?

he been?

Has she bought?

it begun?

I

Yes / No we

you

they

he

Yes / No she

it

have/haven’t

has/hasn’t

Questions Questions AnswersAnswers

STRUCTURE

EXAMPLES

• HAVE YOU PRACTICED BOWLING?

• HAVE YOU PLAYED BASEBALL?

Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.

Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.

EXAMPLES

• HAS HE PLAYED FOOTBALL?

• HAS HE RIDDEN A MOTORCYCLE?

Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.

Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.

Tom bought a new laptop yesterdayyesterday.

My parents travelled to Cuzco last year.last year.

Tom has bought a new car .

My parents have travelled to Cuzco twice twice so far.so far.

PAST SIMPLE: Specific time in the past:

Time expression:Time expression:yesterday , last night, two days ago, etc

PAST SIMPLE: Specific time in the past:

Time expression:Time expression:yesterday , last night, two days ago, etc

PRESENT PERFECT: Unspecific time in the past

ExperiencesTime Time expression: expression: so far, already, yet, for, since, etc.

PRESENT PERFECT: Unspecific time in the past

ExperiencesTime Time expression: expression: so far, already, yet, for, since, etc.

just = a short time ago

‘Where’s Anna?’ ‘She’s just woken up.’ ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had dinner.’ ‘Is Tom here?’ ‘No, I’m afraid he’s just gone out.’

I’ve just…

are used for a period of time:

Since: For:

Edward has been a wampire since 1918.

They have been married for long years.

Hidayet Türkoğlu has played basketball since he was a child.

Hadise has sung for 6 years.

Examples:

Since: For:

since yesterday

since Friday.

since 2005.

since I moved to London.

for ten minutes.

for three hours.

for five days.

for a month.