clarence woudsma presentation

8/6/2019 Clarence Woudsma Presentation

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University of Waterloo, School of PlanningUniversity of Waterloo, School of Planning

Comparative Analysis of UrbanComparative Analysis of UrbanPlanning and GatewayPlanning and Gateway

DevelopmentDevelopment

Clarence WoudsmaClarence Woudsma

University of WaterlooUniversity of Waterloo

School of PlanningSchool of Planning

Calgary Asia Pacific Gateway and CorridorCalgary Asia Pacific Gateway and CorridorRoundtableRoundtable

Calgary AB, March 29, 2007Calgary AB, March 29, 2007


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OutlineOutline

ContextContext setting the stagesetting the stage

Objectives for todayObjectives for today

BackgroundBackground urban planning and freighturban planning and freight

IssuesIssues

Possible SolutionsPossible Solutions

The Way ForwardThe Way Forward


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ContextContext

ThinkingThinkingabout theabout theshape of theshape of thecitycity thetheconnectionsconnections

the processthe processof itsof itsdevelopmentdevelopment

How doesHow doesfreight fit in?freight fit in?


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Context Context Extensive effort directed atExtensive effort directed at

understandingunderstandingtransportation land usetransportation land userelationshipsrelationships

Dense vs. DispersedDense vs. Dispersed TOD, TDM, SG, EIEIOTOD, TDM, SG, EIEIO

The unknowns areThe unknowns are

particularly evident forparticularly evident fornonnon--residential land usesresidential land usesand freight movementand freight movement

More complexMore complexenvironmentenvironment

Figure 1 The land use transport feedback cycle (Source: adapted from (Wegner & Frst, 1999)

Land,

Labour,Location

(Access)


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Accepted wisdom on freight in theAccepted wisdom on freight in thecity?city?

1.1. Evolved from a spatial to temporal emphasisEvolved from a spatial to temporal emphasis Not so much how farbut whenNot so much how farbut when Scheduled economy ( from stock to flow )Scheduled economy ( from stock to flow )

2.2. Dominated by trucking ( and growing)Dominated by trucking ( and growing) Which the public fear, misunderstand etc.Which the public fear, misunderstand etc.

3.3. Impacted severely by congestion ( and worsening)Impacted severely by congestion ( and worsening) Overall productivity losses, wasted timeOverall productivity losses, wasted time

4.4. Is a major source of negative impacts on urban lifeIs a major source of negative impacts on urban life Air quality, Noise, stress (fear), visual intrusionAir quality, Noise, stress (fear), visual intrusion,,

5.5. Suffers from strategic invisibility (Rodrigue, 2003)Suffers from strategic invisibility (Rodrigue, 2003) So relevant, efficientSo relevant, efficient forget about it till it failsforget about it till it fails Politically neutral at bestPolitically neutral at best despite essential naturedespite essential nature

6.6. Is becoming more dispersedIs becoming more dispersed Changing consumer buying patternsChanging consumer buying patterns Consolidation = larger footprintConsolidation = larger footprint


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FactorsFactors

Globalization, justGlobalization, just--inin--time delivery,time delivery,distributed manufacturing processes,distributed manufacturing processes,changing consumption, and advancedchanging consumption, and advancedlogistics practices (Guiliano, 2004).logistics practices (Guiliano, 2004).

Increasing volumes, longer average truckIncreasing volumes, longer average trucktrip lengths, smaller average load sizes andtrip lengths, smaller average load sizes andincreasing empty kilometers of travel.increasing empty kilometers of travel.

15 to 30% of commercial city traffic could15 to 30% of commercial city traffic couldbe eliminated through load consolidationbe eliminated through load consolidationand grouping of trips (Giuliano, 2004).and grouping of trips (Giuliano, 2004).


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can we increase the efficiency of the freightcan we increase the efficiency of the freightdistribution system through organization of thedistribution system through organization of thelocation of the major freight generators andlocation of the major freight generators andfreight providers?freight providers?

an area where public agencies, via planning (landan area where public agencies, via planning (landuse) can affect sustainability outcomes positivelyuse) can affect sustainability outcomes positively

(Anderson et al., 2005).(Anderson et al., 2005).

Modal split of freight transport energy consumption in OECD countries withprojected annual growth rates in parentheses

North America European OECD Pacific OECD

Trucks 24 (+2.0) 30 (+2.2) 25 (+1.9)

Railways 7 (+1.6) 3 (+0.1) 3 (+1.8)

Marine Shipping 2 (-0.7) 1 (+0.1) 5 (+0.2)

(Source: Lenzen et al.,2003 in Chapman 2007)


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On the CAPGCIOn the CAPGCI

will improve traffic flows, reduce emissionswill improve traffic flows, reduce emissionsfrom idling vehicles, and improve quality of life infrom idling vehicles, and improve quality of life inthose communities through which increasingthose communities through which increasingtrade volumes must move. (Transport Canada,trade volumes must move. (Transport Canada,2006 pg 12)2006 pg 12)

Balancing the national significance of the overallBalancing the national significance of the overallinitiative against the local, sometimes negative,initiative against the local, sometimes negative,

impacts is a challengeimpacts is a challenge theme examining Land Use / Urban Planning /theme examining Land Use / Urban Planning /

EnvironmentEnvironment

NIMBYNIMBY CAVECAVE


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Todays objectivesTodays objectives

Motivated by the following questions,Motivated by the following questions,

How do the corridor/gateway initiativesHow do the corridor/gateway initiatives

relate to land use and how will planningrelate to land use and how will planningplay a role?play a role?

Shaping the city and its competitivenessShaping the city and its competitiveness

What are the environmentalWhat are the environmentalconsiderations in this discussion?considerations in this discussion?

Working towards sustainability?Working towards sustainability?


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Emphasis onEmphasis onmajor centresmajor centres

Gateway andGateway andhinterland citieshinterland cities

Emphasis onEmphasis onlocal land uselocal land useimpacts vs. newimpacts vs. newbusinessbusinessexclusivelyexclusively

Not just aboutNot just aboutattractivenessattractivenessbut longer termbut longer termimplicationsimplications


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Calgarys Distribution, Logistics,Calgarys Distribution, Logistics,WarehousingWarehousing

Surface = difference between congested and freeflowSurface = difference between congested and freeflowtravel timestravel times 1995 average1995 average


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Urban PlanningUrban Planning

On the treatment of urban freight activity previously

The objective of public authorities is more focused onregulating and restricting their use rather than onunderstanding and planning/ accommodating their needs.Freight issues are an afterthought and not anintegrated part of urban and transportation planning.(Gordon, 2004, p.1)

Freight Plans or Goods Movement Studies are carriedFreight Plans or Goods Movement Studies are carried

out periodically by cities and there is little methodologicalout periodically by cities and there is little methodologicalconsistency between them (Ambrosini and Routhier, 2005).consistency between them (Ambrosini and Routhier, 2005). Focus on the planFocus on the plan long termlong term

Silos of planning and transportation department


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IssueIssue dispersed locationsdispersed locations

increasing size and fewer distribution centresincreasing size and fewer distribution centres(DCs)(DCs)

NegativesNegatives size = big lands, infrastructure needs,size = big lands, infrastructure needs,big noisebig noise

limits the location of these facilities in traditionallimits the location of these facilities in traditionalgateway regions and certainly not within coregateway regions and certainly not within coreurban areas (Hesse, 2004)urban areas (Hesse, 2004)

relocation of logistics activity centres to peripheryrelocation of logistics activity centres to periphery outside the influence of planning restrictionsoutside the influence of planning restrictions

increasing flows and distances associated withincreasing flows and distances associated withcommercial movementscommercial movements

freight sprawlfreight sprawl


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Comparing developments in BerlinComparing developments in Berlin--Brandenburg, GermanyBrandenburg, Germany(Hesse, 2004)(Hesse, 2004)

regional distribution complexesregional distribution complexes Competitive land development marketCompetitive land development market -- speculationspeculation

Challenge: achieving public sector policy goals in the faceChallenge: achieving public sector policy goals in the faceof increasing private sector influence in the decisionof increasing private sector influence in the decisionmaking around infrastructure provision.making around infrastructure provision.


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Issue: Public, Private ,PlanningIssue: Public, Private ,PlanningPerspectivesPerspectives

Described as a beam me up, Scottie attitude,Described as a beam me up, Scottie attitude,people want the goods and not the bads. Sopeople want the goods and not the bads. Sodespite its noble and usually silent role, urbandespite its noble and usually silent role, urbangoods movement can be perceived as at best angoods movement can be perceived as at best an

afterthought and at worst blight on the urbanafterthought and at worst blight on the urbantransportation landscape. (Moving the Economy,transportation landscape. (Moving the Economy,2004, p.1).2004, p.1).

this lack of awareness and appreciation isthis lack of awareness and appreciation is

identified as one of the key barriers to effectiveidentified as one of the key barriers to effectivesustainable solutions.sustainable solutions.

As environment climbs in the public mind, will theyAs environment climbs in the public mind, will theybecome aware?become aware?


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Review of EU experience (city logistics solutions)Review of EU experience (city logistics solutions)-- many pilots, but no wholesale change (Deblancmany pilots, but no wholesale change (Deblanc2007)2007)

Freight villages strugglingFreight villages struggling

Mixed resultsMixed results good points (fewer vehicles, bettergood points (fewer vehicles, betterload factors, fit with environmental goals) and bad (load factors, fit with environmental goals) and bad (

additional costs and extra steps in chain)additional costs and extra steps in chain)

Private waiting for public investment (subsidy)Private waiting for public investment (subsidy)related to new services and solutionsrelated to new services and solutions

Public sector waiting for private firm innovationPublic sector waiting for private firm innovation Challenge of meeting public policy agendaChallenge of meeting public policy agenda -- mustmust

influence bottom line positivelyinfluence bottom line positively


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Key things to be aware of.Key things to be aware of.

Dealing with a largely private, flexible and veryDealing with a largely private, flexible and verycompetitive global logistics sectorcompetitive global logistics sector Our plans and goals may be sidesteppedOur plans and goals may be sidestepped

(Rodrigue, 2007)(Rodrigue, 2007) Flexibility a source of uncertainty for someFlexibility a source of uncertainty for some

stakeholdersstakeholders

Variability of urban freight transport operationsVariability of urban freight transport operations to meet sustainability objectives we must take intoto meet sustainability objectives we must take into

account these variations (Anderson et al.,2005).account these variations (Anderson et al.,2005).

Studied 3 cities (UK), 7 companies 3 types ofStudied 3 cities (UK), 7 companies 3 types ofoperationoperation

explored response to Low Emission Zones,explored response to Low Emission Zones,congestion charging, size limitscongestion charging, size limits

Same companySame company different operationaldifferent operationalresponse to policy in different citiesresponse to policy in different cities


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Solutions: New Perspectives onSolutions: New Perspectives on

PlanningPlanning Meyer and Miller (2001) transition to a more decisionMeyer and Miller (2001) transition to a more decision

oriented or sustainable development oriented approachoriented or sustainable development oriented approachto transportation planning.to transportation planning.

move from the focus on the planmove from the focus on the plan to planning as anto planning as anongoing processongoing process dynamically contributing a valuabledynamically contributing a valuablesupport to decision makers.support to decision makers.

Flexible Transportation Planning (Gifford, 2003)Flexible Transportation Planning (Gifford, 2003) Not about better models or who should be at the table butNot about better models or who should be at the table but

getting people on the same pagegetting people on the same page Values of stakeholders are keyValues of stakeholders are key

Steps of intelligence gathering, decision support, designSteps of intelligence gathering, decision support, designand implementation and monitoring.and implementation and monitoring.

Emphasis on ongoing rather than sporadic is vital!Emphasis on ongoing rather than sporadic is vital! Source of traditional frictionSource of traditional friction next quarter vs. nextnext quarter vs. next

quarter centuryquarter century

Allows cities to be more responsive to changeAllows cities to be more responsive to change


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Urban Planners need to implement a freight filter GordonUrban Planners need to implement a freight filter Gordon(2004) to addresses the impact of land use and policy(2004) to addresses the impact of land use and policydecisions on the movement of goods.decisions on the movement of goods.

Each major land use decision and development shouldEach major land use decision and development shouldinclude analysis of the impacts on freight movement.include analysis of the impacts on freight movement.

Better tools and dataBetter tools and data of courseof course Common definitionsCommon definitions how big is big?how big is big?

Broaden definition of urban logisticsBroaden definition of urban logistics soccer mom as thesoccer mom as thelast mile solutionlast mile solution

Big box retail vs. corner storeBig box retail vs. corner store

Stable funding not only for infrastructure but for planningStable funding not only for infrastructure but for planningas wellas well

Integrated models yes but also needIntegrated models yes but also need ongoingongoing surveying ofsurveying oflogistics sectorlogistics sector


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SolutionsSolutions alteringaltering

perspectivesperspectives

need to educate stakeholders, professionals,need to educate stakeholders, professionals,politicians and the public about urban freight andpoliticians and the public about urban freight and

logisticslogistics establishment of freight stakeholder partnershipsestablishment of freight stakeholder partnerships

(Moving the Economy, 2004)(Moving the Economy, 2004)

Freight Quality Partnerships (UK)Freight Quality Partnerships (UK)

Gateway councilsGateway councils

STOP TALKING ONLY TO EACH OTHERSTOP TALKING ONLY TO EACH OTHER --

Move away from us and them mentalityMove away from us and them mentality Coordinated and integrated across the spectrumCoordinated and integrated across the spectrum


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Community engagementCommunity engagement throughoutthroughout the processthe process building their understandingbuilding their understanding incorporating theirincorporating their

perspectivesperspectives

safety, mobility, community cohesion, displacement,safety, mobility, community cohesion, displacement,property values, noise, aesthetics that can form partproperty values, noise, aesthetics that can form partof the local pain aspect of corridor developmentof the local pain aspect of corridor development(Hesse 2006)(Hesse 2006)

Lessons from the Alemeda Corridor projectLessons from the Alemeda Corridor project employment, business development, tours,employment, business development, tours,newslettersnewsletters

Good Corporate Neighbour Program (U.S.)Good Corporate Neighbour Program (U.S.) Recognizing and rewardingRecognizing and rewarding

Important role of championsImportant role of champions


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The Way ForwardThe Way Forward

Land Use, transport and the environment cannotLand Use, transport and the environment cannotbe separated outbe separated out complex issues demanding hard workcomplex issues demanding hard work

build spirit of cooperation, interest andbuild spirit of cooperation, interest andenthusiasmenthusiasm But grounded in the realism of global competitivenessBut grounded in the realism of global competitiveness

and community challengesand community challenges

Examples of being on track in the CanadianExamples of being on track in the Canadiancontextcontext federal to local initiativesfederal to local initiatives

Political leadership and changing orientationPolitical leadership and changing orientation (PIR)(PIR)

Motivated public?Motivated public? going greengoing green


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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Canadas Asia Pacific Gateway andCanadas Asia Pacific Gateway and

Corridor InitiativeCorridor Initiative

Van Horne Institute and partnerVan Horne Institute and partner

institutionsinstitutions

THANKS!THANKS!

clarence woudsma presentation

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