civilization in eastern europe: byzantium and orthodox europe

Chapter

AP* Sixth Edition

World CivilizationsThe Global Experience

World CivilizationsThe Global Experience

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.

World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert

Civilization in Eastern Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox EuropeOrthodox Europe

9



Civilization in Eastern Europe : Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

I. Civilization in Eastern Europe

II. The Byzantine Empire

III. The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity

IV. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe

V. The Emergence of Kievan Rus



Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe



The Byzantine Empire

• The Power of the Byzantine Empire– Emperor Constantine

4th century C.E., Constantinople Empire divided • Capitals at Rome and Constantinople

Greek language official from 6th century



The Byzantine Empire under Justinian



Justinian's Achievements

• Justinian – Attempts reconquest of Italy– Slavs, Persians attack from east– Building projects

Hagia Sophia

– Legal codification



Arab Pressure and the Empire's Defenses

• Center of empire shifts to east• Constant external threats

– Arab Muslims– Bulgars

Defeated by Basil II, 11th century



Byzantine Society and Politics

• Emperors resemble Chinese rulers– Court ritual– Head of church and state

• Sophisticated bureaucracy– Open to all classes

• Provincial governors



Byzantine Society and Politics

• Economic control– Regulation of food prices, trade– Silk production

• Trade network– Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, Africa

• Arts– Creativity in architecture



The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity

• The Schism– Separate paths– Patriarch Michael

1054, attacks Catholic practice

– Mutual excommunication



The Empire's Decline

• Period of decline from 11th century• Seljuk Turks

– Take most of Asian provinces– 1071, Manzikert

Byzantine defeat

• Slavic states emerge



The Empire's Decline

• Appeal to West brings crusaders– 1204, Venetian crusaders sack

Constantinople

• 1453, Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks– 1461, empire gone



The Byzantine Empire, 1000-1100



The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe

• Influence through conquest, conversion, trade

• Cyril, Methodius, to Slavs– Cyrillic script



The East Central Borderlands

• Competition from Catholics and Orthodox Greeks

• Catholics– Czechs, Hungary, Poland– Regional monarchies prevail

• Jews from western Europe



The Emergence of Kievan Rus'

• New Patterns of Trade – Slavs from Asia

Iron working, extend agriculture Mix with earlier populations Family tribes, villages Kingdoms Animistic



The Emergence of Kievan Rus'

• New Patterns of Trade – 6th, 7th centuries

Scandinavian merchants Trade between Byzantines and the North

– c. 855, monarchy under Rurik Center at Kiev

– Vladimir I (980-1015) Converts to Orthodoxy Controls church



East European Kingdoms and Slavic Expansion, c. 1000



Institutions and Culture inKievan Rus'

• Influenced by Byzantine patterns• Orthodox influence

– Ornate churches– Icons– Monasticism

• Art, literature dominated by religion, royalty

• Free farmers predominant



Institutions and Culture inKievan Rus'

• Boyars, landlords– Less powerful than in the West



Kievan Decline

• Decline from 12th century– Rival governments– Succession struggles

• Asian conquerors• Mongols (Tartars)

– 13th century, take territory– Traditional culture survives



The End of an Era inEastern Europe

• Mongol invasions usher in new period• East and West further separated



Global Connections:Eastern Europe and the World

• Byzantine Empire differed from Russia– Byzantium a link in long-distance trade– Russia turned towards the West

Dependent on Byzantium Decline of Byzantium leads to isolation for Russia

civilization in eastern europe: byzantium and orthodox europe

Documents