Rise of Civilization

And on to Empire

I. Civilization

A. Approx. 5,000 yrs. Ago

B. Urban societies established foundations of civs.

1. Ag. Surplus

2. Specialization

3. Cities

4. Complex Institutions

a. Political bureaucracies

b. Armies

c. Religious & social hierarchies

5. Long-distance trade relationships

6. Intensified economic exchange

a. Within & between civilizations

C. Competition for Resources

1. increased social stratification, specialization

& trade

2. increased complexity of gov’t, religion and

record keeping

D. Accumulation of Wealth =

1. Warfare between communities

2. New techs. of war & urban defense

E. Core/Foundational Civilizations developed

where ag. flourished.

Where were those foundational civilizations?

Use map to locate and shade with your group.

F. 1st States emerged in core civilizations

1. Mobilized surplus labor & resources over large areas

2. Most led by ruler with divine & military support.

3. More favorably situated states = greater powermore resources, food, population

4. example = Hittites’ iron ore and iron production

G. New weapons & modes of transportation create

advantages

1. Iron weapons = sharper, durable, practical•Many uses - spear/arrow points, daggers, swords, armor

2. Chariots & horseback riding•greater speed & mobility for armies•great advantage over stationary armies

II. New Religious Beliefs Develop

1. The Vedic Religion•Developed in India•Vedas = oldest scriptures of Hinduism•Vedic Period evolves into Hindu religion

2. Hebrew monotheism•Developed in Middle East•Based on 1 god, Covenant & Ten Commandments•Influences later monotheistic faiths

3. Zoroastrianism•Developed in Persia•Centered on creator god- Ahura Mazda•Based on struggle between forces of good and evil.

Ahura Mazda- God of Truth, Good & Light

III. Trade Expands Throughout Pre-Classical Era

1. Expands from local to regional and transregional2. Examples:

a. Regional = Between Egypt and Nubia- Gold, ivory, skins to Egypt; bronze and oils to Nubia

Where is Nubia? What

are some ways to describe

the relative location of

Nubia?

b. Transregional = Between Mesopotamia and Indus Valley

- Gold, jade, cotton to Mesopotamia; silver, tin, textiles, grains to India