Civil War Review Test 1

Civil War Causes

Why They Fought- North The Union-symbol of America leaving would

be treason Anti Slavery-opposed to expansion more than

ending slavery, morally wrong Democracy- a plot to win a war they lost at

the ballot box, secession violates the ideals of majority rule

Why they fought- South

States rights-each state could join or leave depending on the will of the people

Slavery- Considered the way of life in the south-freeing slaves would create social and economic chaos

Liberty-Government couldn’t be trusted to protect their property and the south was being dominated by the industrial north. Better to leave with their liberties intact.

Population 23 states22,000,000

11 states9,000,000

including 3,500,000

slaves

Economic resources

75%of coal iron copper and

precious metals

Practically none developed

Agriculture 89,000,000 acres in diversified

crops

75,000,000 acres in primarily cotton for

trade

North South

Manufacturing 92% 8 %

Transportation vastly superior including

20,000 miles of RR

Poor roads 10,000 miles of RR

Territory Twice the amount of southern

states 23 states

11 states

North South

Banking National banking system 74% of banking

deposits

Inferior 24%

Sympathy of Foreign nations

Germany and Russia

France and England

Attitude towards war

Political factions opposed

Copperheads

United in Favor

North South

Aims for war Preserve union Establish a confederacy with slavery

Government finances

Established credit with treasury department with money

supply

No money or credit

Initial call for troops

75,000 volunteersLater a draft

Possessed a navy

100,000 volunteers

Later a draft

North South

Financing the war Taxation – special tax on production of iron coal oil steel

1. Excise tax on luxury items

2.loans3.Paper money-

greenbacks4.national banks

notes5. donations6.domestic bonds7. Raising tariffs

Confederate currency

Borrowing

North South

Leaders Political generals unorganized and ill trained at beginning of war

Superior at outset of war

southerners were used to outdoors and familiar with

firearms

North South

War plan Anaconda Policy1. Blockade the

ports2. control

Mississippi cutting off west and march to coast splitting the south( Divide and Conquer)

3. Capture the capital Richmond

1. King cotton Theory- England and other would come to their aid and remove blockade to get their cotton

2. Invade North and scare them into a panic and treaty of peace

3. Fight a defensive war making it last until North tires

North South

Leaders

Union-Abraham Lincoln South- Jefferson Davis

Missouri Compromise

Maine becomes a free state Missouri becomes a slave state Slavery is prohibited north of 36 degree 30

minutes line

Dred Scott Case

Dred Scott sues for his freedom as a result of living in a free state of Illinois and Wisconsin

Dred Scott

Court Rules

Roger B. Taney 1.He is Still a slave 2. He can not sue because he is not a citizen 3. Slaves were property and the 5th

amendment prohibits taking away property without due process

4. Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the new territories and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and so was popular sovereignty

Compromise of 1850

1. California admitted as a free state 2. New Mexico have no restrictions as to

slavery 3. Settle New Mexico/Texas border dispute 4. Slave trade in Washington DC abolished 5. Fugitive slave law passed

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854

Proposed by Stephen Douglas of Illinois 1. Idea of Popular sovereignty- Popular Sovereignty- proposed by Lewis Cass of

Michigan a. citizens of each new territory be allowed to choose

whether they wanted slavery or not 1. democratic 2. removed the issue from national politics 3. but still did nothing for the rights of slaves

Popular Sovereignty- people vote to determine an issue

Nullification – To declare void Trent Affair- Near war with Britain as a result

of Northern ships stopping and firing upon British ship Trent that had Confederate ambassadors onboard

Ft Sumter- War begins here on April 12, 1861 Underground Railroad-Series of stations to

Canada that slaves attempted to escape

John Brown- Abolitionist that killed proslavery people in Kansas and he led slave rebellion at Harpers Ferry

Robert E Lee-Commander of the Confederate Army

Major Robert Anderson- Commander of Union forces at Ft Sumter

Pierre Beauregard- Confederat Commander of attack on Ft Sumter

Stephen Douglas- Illinois Democrat that ran against Lincoln in 1860

Frederick Douglass-Abolitionist runaway that spoke of the evils of slavery and later worked in the government

John Calhoun- South Carolina Senator Led states rights movement