Civil War EruptsCivil War Erupts

First Shots fired First Shots fired at at Fort SumterFort Sumter

• Located in the harbor Located in the harbor of Charleston South of Charleston South CarolinaCarolina

• Most Federal forts were Most Federal forts were being taken over by being taken over by the Rebels.the Rebels.

• President Lincoln had President Lincoln had to make a decisionto make a decision– Supply Fort SumterSupply Fort Sumter– Take no actionTake no action

Fort SumterFort Sumter

• Southern Rebels Southern Rebels decided to attack the decided to attack the fort before fort before reinforcements could reinforcements could arrive.arrive.

• Battle lasted for 34 Battle lasted for 34 hourshours

• The Fort was The Fort was surrendered to the surrendered to the SouthSouth

• No one was killedNo one was killed

Lincoln calls out the militiaLincoln calls out the militia

• Two days following Fort Sumter Two days following Fort Sumter 75,000 enlist for 90 days to put down 75,000 enlist for 90 days to put down the uprisingthe uprising

• Southern leaders respond with anger Southern leaders respond with anger and within 2 weeks Virginia, North and within 2 weeks Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas seceded.seceded.

The Confederate StrategyThe Confederate Strategy

• Didn’t want to invade the North Didn’t want to invade the North just wanted to be independent.just wanted to be independent.– ““All we asked is to be let alone”All we asked is to be let alone”

• King CottonKing Cotton– South thought since Southern Cotton South thought since Southern Cotton

was so important in the European was so important in the European markets that France and Britain markets that France and Britain would aide in their desire for would aide in their desire for independenceindependence

The Confederate The Confederate StrategyStrategy• They would withhold cotton from They would withhold cotton from

the market.the market.– Europe had enough from the year Europe had enough from the year

beforebefore– Didn’t want to get involved in an Didn’t want to get involved in an

American WarAmerican War

• As the war moved on they decided As the war moved on they decided to take a more offensive role.to take a more offensive role.

Union StrategyUnion Strategy

• The The Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan– How does an anaconda How does an anaconda

kill it’s prey?kill it’s prey?

•Constricts it until it Constricts it until it diesdies

– The plan was to smother The plan was to smother the Confederate economy the Confederate economy forcing them back into forcing them back into the Union. Set up a the Union. Set up a BlockadeBlockade

– Biggest problem is that it Biggest problem is that it would take some time to would take some time to workwork

General George McClellanGeneral George McClellan

• 11stst General of the Union Army during General of the Union Army during the Civil Warthe Civil War

• He was an engineer and meticulous He was an engineer and meticulous plannerplanner– Biggest problem with cautiously planning Biggest problem with cautiously planning

his moves is that he moved to his moves is that he moved to slowslow!!!!!!

• He would be fired for a more reckless He would be fired for a more reckless and offensive Ulysses S. Grantand offensive Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

• 22ndnd General of the Union Army during the General of the Union Army during the Civil WarCivil War– Was a failure in many ventures I in lifeWas a failure in many ventures I in life

• War Strategy:War Strategy:– ““Find out where your enemy is, Find out where your enemy is,

get at him as soon as you canget at him as soon as you can

strike at him as hard as you can, and keep strike at him as hard as you can, and keep

moving on.”moving on.”

Why was Grant more successful than McClellan Why was Grant more successful than McClellan in Lincoln’s eyes?in Lincoln’s eyes?

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

• Led the battle in the WestLed the battle in the West– Tennessee to AlabamaTennessee to Alabama– Won battles at Fort Henry and Fort DonelsonWon battles at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

• These victories opened the travel of the Tennessee River These victories opened the travel of the Tennessee River as far as Alabama.as far as Alabama.

• He would also lead the troops at the Battle of Shiloh, He would also lead the troops at the Battle of Shiloh, which was the bloodiest battle early on in the Warwhich was the bloodiest battle early on in the War

• Many wanted President Lincoln to replace Grant Many wanted President Lincoln to replace Grant because of the high casualties because of the high casualties – Lincoln replied, Lincoln replied, "I can't spare this man--he "I can't spare this man--he

fights."fights."

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee• Career military leaderCareer military leader

• Graduated 2Graduated 2ndnd in his class at West Point in his class at West Point

• Was very much against slavery and Was very much against slavery and secession.secession.– ““I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace,

my home, my children.”my home, my children.”•Would Command the Confederate ArmyWould Command the Confederate Army

• Though the Confederates lost, many still Though the Confederates lost, many still regard him as the best Gen. of the Civil War.regard him as the best Gen. of the Civil War.

Those who foughtThose who fought

• Soldiers were between Soldiers were between the ages of 18-30 yrs the ages of 18-30 yrs oldold

• ½ the soldiers were ½ the soldiers were farmersfarmers

• Immigrants German Immigrants German and Irishand Irish

• In the beginning In the beginning neither the north or neither the north or south accepted south accepted African AmericansAfrican Americans

• 2 million Union2 million Union• 1 million Confederate1 million Confederate

Military TechnologyMilitary Technology

• Rifle- a gun with a Rifle- a gun with a grooved barrel grooved barrel causing the bullet causing the bullet to spinto spin

• Ironclads- warship Ironclads- warship covered in iron.covered in iron.– Most famous was Most famous was

the Merrimack from the Merrimack from VirginiaVirginia

11stst Battle of Bull Battle of Bull Run/ManassasRun/Manassas• The battle was won by the The battle was won by the

ConfederatesConfederates

• General Thomas J. Jackson “Stonewall”General Thomas J. Jackson “Stonewall”

• Confederates would attack with a blood Confederates would attack with a blood curdling yell known as the “Rebel Yell”curdling yell known as the “Rebel Yell”

• Rebels felt the war was over!Rebels felt the war was over!

• Union realizes that they have under Union realizes that they have under estimated their opponentsestimated their opponents

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

• April 1862April 1862

• Near Shiloh ChurchNear Shiloh Church– Southern TennesseeSouthern Tennessee– Along the Tennessee RiverAlong the Tennessee River

•Early on in the War it was one of the Early on in the War it was one of the Bloodiest battlesBloodiest battles

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

• UnionUnion– William T. ShermanWilliam T. Sherman

• Has 3 horses shot out Has 3 horses shot out from under him.from under him.

• Casualties:Casualties:– 13,00013,000

• Both sides anticipated Both sides anticipated victory but the Union victory but the Union would force the would force the Confederate troops to Confederate troops to retreat.retreat.

• ConfederateConfederate– Gen. Albert S. JohnstonGen. Albert S. Johnston

• Shot and Killed in actionShot and Killed in action

– Gen. P.T. Gen. P.T. BeauregardBeauregard• Takes CommandTakes Command

– Casualties:Casualties:– 11,000 of 41,00011,000 of 41,000

Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam

• September 17, 1862 September 17, 1862 – Near… Sharpsburg, MarylandNear… Sharpsburg, Maryland

• Casualties:Casualties:– 25,000 25,000

•Lee lost 1/3 of his fighting forceLee lost 1/3 of his fighting force

•McClellan did not pursue to finish off the McClellan did not pursue to finish off the Confederate force.Confederate force.

Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam

• Results…Results…– The casualty rate was so high that there The casualty rate was so high that there

was no clear winner.was no clear winner.

• President Lincoln will be furious that President Lincoln will be furious that Gen. McClellan doesn’t pursue Gen. Gen. McClellan doesn’t pursue Gen. LeeLee– McClellan will be fired at the conclusion McClellan will be fired at the conclusion

of the Battle.of the Battle.