civil war - apush

Civil War

Ramos APUSH Review B 2

• Idea that residents of a new territory should have the right to choose whether slavery would be legal or illegal there

• Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

• “Bleeding Kansas”

Popular

Sovereignty

Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Cartoon caption: “Liberty, the fair maid of Kansas in the hands of the “border ruffians”

Sectionalism and Causes of Civil War

• Miss Missouri Compromise, 1820

• Nully Nullification Controversy, 1832

• Gagged Gag Rule, 1836

• When Wilmot Proviso, 1848

• Clay‘s Compromise of 1850

• Kangaroo Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

• Bit ― Bleeding Kansas‖

• Dumb Dred Scott case, 1857

• John‘s John Brown, 1859

• Ear Election of 1860

Election 1860

• SC Secession

• MS, FL, AL, GA, TX, LA follow

Civil War 1861-1865

• Fort Sumter (April 1861)

• Anaconda Plan: Union blockade designed to strangle the South

• 1st Bull Run (1861)—1st land battle of Civil War

• Shiloh—1st extremely bloody battle of the war (TN); Grant wins

• Peninsula Campaign (1862): McClellan fails to take Richmond; Leebecomes commander

• Antietam (1862): Lee fails to successfully invade Maryland; Lincoln issues

• Emancipation Proclamation

• Gettysburg (1863): Military turning point of the war; Confederates never fully recover

• Vicksburg (1863): Union gains control of Mississippi River

• Grant‘s Wilderness campaign and drive into Richmond: 1864-65

• Appomattox Court House (April 1865): Lee surrenders to Grant


• First military draft in U.S. history (1863)

• Exceptions: substitutes, slave owners

• New York City draft riots

• Other drafts in American history

Conscription

and the Draft

Controversy

Diplomacy During Civil War

• Secretary of State William H. Seward

• Trent Affair, 1862 –U.S. arrested two Confederate diplomats on a British ship.

• Alabama issue— U.S. demanded British cooperation in not helping Rebs.

• Charles Francis Adams—U.S. ambassador to Britain who helped keep her neutral.

• Ultimatum to French in Mexico, Maximilian—French forces left Mexico in 1867

• Purchase of Alaska, 1867 (―Seward‘s Folly)

Impact of Civ War

• Social

– Abolition of slavery

– Blacks disenfranchised and segregated

• Economic

– Pacific Railway Act, 1862 (transcontinental railroad)

– Banking Act, 1863

– Morrill Tariff (increase)

– Homestead Act, 1862

– Morrill Land Grant Act


• Both enacted in 1862 during the Civil War

• Both encouraged western expansion and settlement

• Pacific Railway Acts

• Homestead Act

Transcontinental

Railroad •

Homestead Act

Impact of Civil War

• Constitutional

– 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments

– States could not leave the Union

• Political

– Military Reconstruction Act, 1867

– Republicans dominated the White House for the next 50 years.

– Solid South‖: Southern ―Redeemers‖ eventually regained control of the South


• Habeas corpus: a person cannot be held in jail indefinitely without formal charges being filed against them

• “Copperheads”/“Peace Democrats”

• Ex parte Merriman

• Long-term effects of suspending habeas corpus

Suspension of Habeas Corpus during the

Civil War

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Reconstruction 1865-1877• Reintegrate Confederate states

• Freedmen’s Bureau

• Military Reconstruction Act (1867) placed southern states under martial law and forced states to ratify the 14th Amendment to be readmitted to the Union.

• Civil Rights Act of 1875 sought to end segregation and discrimination in public places

• KKK terrorism reduced political influence of southern blacks (and white Republicans)

• Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction – Northerners got their candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes,

elected president

– Southerners saw the Union Army removed from the last three Reconstruction states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina


• Many freedmen couldn’t afford their own land

• Sharecropping: landholders divided their property into plots and provided farmers on each plot with seed and farm implements to work the land

• The sharecropper used a portion of his crop to pay the landholder

• Landholders often abused the system

Sharecropping


• Originally organized as a social club for Confederate veterans

• Top goal became assuring white supremacy

• Violent tactics

• Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 • decline of the KKK

• Revivals in the 1920s, 1950s and 1960s

The Ku Klux Klan

Former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the KKK

Reconstruction Amendements

• 13th Amendment: abolished slavery

• 14th Amendment: Provided citizenship to

African Americans

• 15th Amendment: Guaranteed voting rights

for African Americans

civil war - apush

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