Civil War

Civil WarObjectives:To understand why Russia experienced Civil War.Key terms: Reds, Whites, Civil War, Lenin, Trotsky

Recap What significant event happened during...19051914March 1917April 1917July 1917October 1917Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty to leave World War OneLost 1 mill sq km of land50 million people27% farming landLost Ukraine, where Russia got most of its grain from74% iron ore and coal depositsHad to pay 3 bill roubles

3Discuss potential impact of this once students have noted key pointsWhat is a Civil War???Causes of the Civil WarOpposition forces unite to form the Whites supported by foreign countries.Increasing attacks/attempts to overthrow the Bolsheviks several assassination attempts on Lenin50, 000 Czech prisoners of war take over the Trans Siberian RailwayAnger at the TreatyStarvation meant growing oppositionNational minorities seize opportunity to get independence

5Students to note down causes once gone through themReds Vs WhitesReds = Communist (Bolsheviks)

Whites = opponents (Tsarists and nobles, middle class constitutional democrats,) AimsStay in Power in order to build new Socialist society.Common aim to defeat the CommunistsGeographical factorsHeld central area of west Russian contained large industries.Controlled railways.Scattered around outer perimeter of communist controlled Moscow. Communication difficulties.Leadership and unityTrotsky true leader and courageousSpecial train

Lacked good leader to bring all the Whites together.Lack of trustInfighting within the armiesLets take a further look at the Civil War In pairs use the handouts 5 min

HomeworkComplete questions on HandoutWar CommunismObjectives:To understand the effects of the Civil War.To understand why the Bolsheviks won the war.Key Knowledge: REDS V WHITESKey terms: War communism, NEP, Death of the TsarTuesday 29th November 2011

War CommunismWar Communism was an economic policy introduced by Lenin to ensure food supplies to the army.All large factories were taken over by the government.Production was planned and organised by the government.Discipline for workers was strict and strikers could be shot.Peasants had to hand over surplus food to the government. If they didnt they could be shot.Food was rationed. Could only get a ration card if you were working.Free enterprise became illegal all production and trade was controlled by the state.Money became worthless wages ended up being paid in food.

What were the consequences of War Communism?

A young girl describes food shortages in Moscow, 1921. Our staple diet when things were grim were potato peelings fried. One evening we found a large, black crow, frozen solid. Tousia, my sister, plucked it, cutting off its feet and its headwe now had the most magnificent chicken.A Russian doctor,1921. Sometimes a starving family eats the body of one of its junior memberssometimes parents at night take part of a body from the cemetery and feed it to their children.THE RED TERRORFollowing an assassination attempt on Lenin in 1918, a RED TERROR was launched, using the Cheka.Mass executions.Middle and upper class targeted- automatically seen as disloyal.750,000 people murdered by the Cheka in the 3 years of Civil War. The Red Terror

Execution of the Tsar and his FamilyThe Tsar and his family were in exile.Posed a threat to Communism especially if they fell into the hands of the Whites.On the night of 16th July 1918 the Tsar and his family along with their servants were shot in the cellar.Bodies were buried in a nearby forest but undiscovered till 1991.

The Kronstadt Mutiny Memory exercise

The New Economic PolicyThe NEP stated that:The requisition of grain was ended. Peasants who grew surplus food could sell the surplus for a profit and pay 10% tax to the government on any profit made.Factories with fewer than 20 workers were returned to private ownership to be run for profit.Private enterprise was allowed. Anyone could set up a shop or business for profit.Vital industries such as coal, iron, steel, railways, shipping and finance stayed in State hands. But experts were brought in on higher salaries, and extra wages were paid for efficiency.

Lenin realised he needed to change his policy to avoid disaster. Peasants needed an incentive to produce more food relax state control. Capitalism and free markets brought back in Bitter humiliation for communist supporters. Successes of the NEP Once peasant and shopkeepers could work for profit, goods appeared for saleNew businesses and market stalls were set up new class of people doing well, known as NEP men Government kept control of the largest industries.1926-27 production had increased to pre-1914 levelsHelped stabilise the country and bring peace, particularly significant in the countryside where peasants disturbances became a thing of the pastThe Death of Lenin In May 1922, Lenin suffered a stroke which was followed by two further strokes in December 1922 and March 1923. He was no longer able to play an active role in political life.Lenin died on 21st January 1924.

NO Homework taking in booksHot seatingTrotsky Objectives:Key Knowledge: Civil War & TrotskyKey terms: Civil War & Trotsky Wednesday 30th November 2011To explain who Trotsky was and evaluate his involvement in the Russian Revolution and the Civil War.Source Analysis

Purpose main message

Provenance (origin, nature)

Inferences use details from the source to explain what the source is implying use own knowledge.

Trotsky Facebook PageUse the information sheets to create a facebook page for Trotsky.Include:His full NameDate he was born Family Friends/ colleaguesInterests OccupationContact information ( where he lived)Recent activity What have you learnt about Trotsky?RevisionObjectives:Key Knowledge: REDS V WHITESKey terms:Tuesday 6th December 2011