civil war
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Civil War. X. Z. A. E. C. D. B. Review. Election of 1860 Secession. 1 st (Unofficial) Battle: Fort Sumter, SC. April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies Lincoln declared South in rebellion. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CIVIL WAR
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A
B
C
D
E
X
Z
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Review Election of 1860 Secession
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1st (Unofficial) Battle: Fort Sumter, SC
April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire
Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies
Lincoln declared South in rebellion
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After Fort Sumter… VA, NC, TN & AK joined
Confederacy Borders States - between
North & Southbecame very important to the North – DE, MD, WV, KY & MO
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Rating the North & the South
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Railroad Lines, 1860
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Resources: North & the South
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Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
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Union Strengths1. More Railroads2. More Factories3. Balanced Economy4. Larger Population5. Functioning Gov’t.
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Confederate Strengths
1. More Trained Officers2. Defensive Position3. Preservation of Way of Life
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The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens
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The Confederate “White House”
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The Confederate Seal
MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”
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The “Anaconda” Plan
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Lincoln’s Generals
Irwin McDowellWinfield Scott
George McClellan,Again!
George McClellan
Ambrose Burnside
Joseph HookerGeorge Meade
Ulysses S. Grant
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Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
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Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”
23,000 casualties
September 17, 1862
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New Technology1. Bullet – long piece of
metal w/ rounded end
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New Technology2. Rifling – spiral groove cut
inside gun barrel
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New Technology3. Shell –
Exploding cannon ball
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New Technology4. Canister – Shell filled w/
tiny lead balls
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New Technology5. Ironclad
Gunboats – steamshipcovered in iron plating
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Increased Gov’t Power Draft – required military
service
Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment
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Increased Gov’t Power Internal Revenue Act – tax
on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paperbecame Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
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Increased Gov’t Power Created National
Currency: Greenbacks
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Increased Gov’t Power Pacific Railroad Act of
1862 – project to connect East & West w/ railroads
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War in the East: 1861-1862
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McClellan: I Can Do It All!
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Increased Gov’t Power Emancipation
Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were freed
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TheEmancipati
onProclamatio
n
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Emancipation in 1863
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African-American Recruiting Poster
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Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act1862 – Homestead Act1862 – Legal Tender Act1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)1863 – Pacific Railway Act1863 – National Bank Act
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Company C of the 54th MA Regiment
1st African American Regiment
Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner
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The War in
the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
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The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
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Gettysburg Casualties
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The North Initiates
the Draft, 1863
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NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
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A “Pogrom” Against Blacks
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Inflation in the South
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Sherman’s
“Marchto theSea”
throughGeorgia,
1864
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Election of 1864
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Election of 1864Rep. – Abraham LincolnDem. – George McClellan
Lincoln thought he would lose!
McClellan hated Lincoln!
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Election of 1864 Just before the election
Sherman took Atlanta This victory changed the
country’s outlook Lincoln won re-election
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Civil War Prison Camps
North Point Lookout, MA Camp Chase, OH Fort Delaware
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Civil War Prison Camps
South Libby’s Prison, VA Andersonville, Ga
- 100 soldiers died a day- Commander guilty of war crimes
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Medical Conditions
TERRIBLE! Docs did not sterilize
equipment! Went days w/out washing
equipment! High rates of infection
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Medical Conditions
Some tried to make changes:1. Clara Barton – gave first aide
to troops & started Red Cross
2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps
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EconomyNORTH Flourished Industry
boomed Women took
jobs in factories
SOUTH Declined Food
Shortages Still
produced cotton & not food crops
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Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865