CIVIL WARNorth and South Divided

Events Preceding Civil War Northwest Ordinance (1787) – Prohibited

slavery in the Northwest Territory

1808 – International Slave Trade banned

Missouri Compromise (1820) • Engineered by Henry Clay• Senate tied with 11 slave and 11 free states• Missouri would be admitted as a slave state• Maine would be admitted as a free state• Slavery would be prohibited above the 36º 30’ line

(north)

Nullification Crisis (1832-33)• Tariffs favored Northern manufacturers

and hurt Southern planters• “Nullification” created by John Calhoun

(states could abolish or nullify federal laws)

• South Carolina threatens secession• Compromise tariff drafted by Henry Clay

Wilmot Proviso (1847) – plan that would prohibit slavery in the territory gained from Mexico (southwest ordinance)

Bell Ringer Who was known as the Great

Compromiser? What is another word for nullify? What does it mean to secede? Why did the South hate tariffs? How many slave states and free

states were there after the Missouri Compromise?

What is abolition?

Compromise of 1850 Created by Henry Clay (with the help

of Stephen Douglas) California admitted as a free state Western territories organized without

mention of slavery Abolished slave trade in Washington

D.C. More effective fugitive slave laws

established

Underground Railroad (1830-1860)• Led by Harriet Tubman• System of houses (“stations”) and secret routes

to help slaves escape

Abolition Movement – groups in the North opposing slavery

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)• Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Contained stories she had heard from runaway

slaves• Convinced many Northerners of the evil of

slavery

Popular sovereignty – allowed citizens of a state to decide whether or not it would allow slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)• Repealed the Missouri Compromise• Allowed both territories to use “popular

sovereignty”• “Bleeding Kansas” – wars fought in Kansas

between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups

• Created by Stephen Douglas

Bell Ringer Who won the election of 1848? Who won the election of 1852? In what year was the Wilmot Proviso? Name to two different groups of

Whigs. What was a “fire eater?” What was a “doughface?”

Republican Party formed (1854)• Platform: Stop the spread of slavery

Dred Scott Decision (1857)• Dred Scott v. Sanford• Slave named Dred Scott claimed freedom

because his owner took him to a free state• Court ruled that slaves were “property”• Constitution and citizenship did not apply to

slaves and free blacks• Congress had no right to restrict slavery

from territories (UNCONSTITUTIONAL)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)Abe Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas Both running for U.S. Senator from Illinois Debates based on slavery Douglas (Democrat) argued for popular sovereignty Lincoln (Republican) argued against expanding

slavery Douglas wins election Lincoln: “A house divided against itself cannot

stand.”

Freeport Doctrine – (Stephen Douglas)• stated that “free” states could still discourage slavery by

refusing to pass laws that protect slavery

John Brown’s Raid (1859)• Brown and his followers try to start slave

revolution (Harper’s Ferry, VA)• Brown was quickly tried and hanged

Election of 1860 Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) – favored popular

sovereignty

John Breckenridge (Southern Democrat) – favored Dred Scott Decision

John Bell (Constitutional Union Party) – goal was to keep Union together

Abraham Lincoln (Republican) – stop the expansion of slavery

Lincoln wins

December 1860 – South Carolina secedes (withdraws)

By February 1861, seven states are seceding

February 4, 1861 – “Confederate States of America” is established• Jefferson Davis chosen as President

April 12, 1861 – Confederates bombard Ft. Sumter, SC; Civil War begins

CONFEDERATE STATES – South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina

BORDER STATES – (Slave states still in the Union) Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and later, West Virginia (broke from Virginia, June 1861; became a state June 1863)