Civil Rights Movement

June 2015

Overview Key Concepts

Origins/Segregation

School Desegregation

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

Sit-Ins

Freedom Riders

Desegregating Southern Universities

March on Washington

Voter Registration

The End of the Movement

OriginsFor African Americans, the path from slavery to full civil rights was long and difficult. Several developments during the 1950s and 1960s legally guaranteed full citizenship:

Civil Rights for

African Americans

Development:

ProtestsSit Ins

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Development:Johnson

Presidency

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Development:

Warren Court

Brown v. Board of Education

Segregation Civil Rights movement was a political, legal, and

social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African Americans Challenged segregation

Movement challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities: Protest marches

Boycotts

Refusal to abide by segregation laws

Segregation

Jim Crow Laws Followed Reconstruction

Disenfranchisement Denial of voting rights

Between 1890 – 1910 all Southern States passed laws imposing requirements for voting 15th Amendment

Poll Tax

Literacy Test

Segregation

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “Separate but equal”

Niagara Movement (1905) W.E.B. Du Bois

NAACP (1909) National Association for the Advancement of Colored

People

National Urban League (1910) Help transition to urban life

CORE (1942) Congress of Racial Equality

School Desegregation

Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Overturned many forms of discrimination

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Warren Court

Racially segregated was unconstitutional

Many opposition to desegregation

Little Rock Nine

Schools were desegregated only in theory Racially segregated neighborhoods segregated schools

Busing in the 1970s Boston Busing