294.1

PI GLA UT

RICHA D' @ ARN CK

JOHN B. HERBICH

PR JE T REPORT NO. 37

EfFI IEA

OCTOBER 1962

CIVIL ENCINEERINC DEPARTMENT

FRIT'Z ENCINEERINC LABORATORY

HYDRAULICS DIVISION

FRITZ LABORATORY REPORT NO. 294.1

..4 .... ~.... . ~ ~ ~

.... ~ ... • + ~ •

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FRITZ ENGINEERING LABORATORY

:HYDRAULICS DIVISION

Project Report Noo 37

EFFICIENCY

OF

PUMPING AND PIPING LAYOUT

PREPARED BY

Richard Go Warnock

and

Johnt;i Bo Herbich

PREPARED FOR

NATIONAL BULK CARRIERS; INC.,360 Lexington Avenue

New York 17, No Y.

October 1962

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Fritz Laboratory Report Noo 29401

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGFRITZ ENGINEERING LABOHATORY

LEHIGH UNIVERSITYBETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA

i

PREFACE

A contract between Lehigh UniversitYL9 Institute of

Re search,9 Fritz Engineering LaboratorYJ Hydraulic s Division,

and National Bulk CarriersJ Ineo provided for experimental

and analytical studies on efficiency of pumping and piping

layout 0

The sponsor is planning to build a very large 6~pump

boonl dredge" One method oi~ pumpixlg to be corlsidered is to

combi.ne all pump discharges into a single discharge line, while

an alter11ate way is to have separate discha.rge lines.. The

question of interest here is wb.ether the efficiencies and dis....

charges of pumps are seriously reduced from those obtained with

separ1ate dischar~ges.9 if· t:he pumps are discharging into a common

line and the operation conditions for the pumps are not the

samee The operating conditions of interest are differences

in speed of tb.epllmps and differences in liquid that is pumped,

for eXEtmpl.8 5 water and water=sol,ids mixtures o

In order to study the importance of these differences an

experimental investigation was m,ade using two pumpso The first

phase was a study of the effect of a difference in speed of the

two pumpso The second phase was a test of tl1e two pumps with

one pumping water and the other pumping a 't.vater~solids mixture.

Losses in the wye connection were also measured.

The main body of the report is devoted to the description

of~ test facility~ exper:imelltal results9 aIld conclusions o

ii

The project was under general direction of Professor

John Bo Herbi.ch, Chairman of the Hydraulics Division e Professor

Ro Go Warnock supervised the complete study and· performed most of

the experiments with the assistance of Mr~ V~ Re Mariani, Re­

search Assistanto Mr6Eo GQ Dittbrenner installed the equip~

ment and assisted in the tests o Manuscript preparation was

done by Miss J. Eo Fritz~ Professor Wo J~ Eney is the Head

of the Civil Engineering Department and Fritz Engineering Lab­

oratory, Professor L& 88 Beedle is the Director of Fritz

Engineering Laboratorye

iii

ABSTRACT

This investigatinn was concerned with the efficiency of the

piping layout for two dredge pumpso Operation of the pumps in paralClQ

leI at different speeds and with different fluids was compared to

operation of the pumps separatelyo

Results showed only small effects on ,discharge and efficiency

for the conditions tested~

Head losses in a wye vrere also measured. The: wye was found

to be highly inefficient for a high discharge in one leg and a low

discharge in the other leg.

iv

Pre,face •

LIST OF CONTENTS

• • • 0 • • • ~ • • • • • • 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 • 0 •

Page

i

Abst~act • • • •

List of Contents

iii

iv

List of Illustrations • • ~ • 0 0 • • • • • • $ 0 • • • • •

Li:st of Symbol s • •. • .. -0 • • 6 • • • .. (41 • • tI • • 41 $ ,. ..

I INTRODUCTION & 6 0 • • • • 0 • • 4') ., ~ 0 0 • 0: • t\' •

II MCPEI. PROTOTYPE RELATIONS $ • • • • 0 • * • • ~ ~ •

III EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ••••••••• 0 0 • • • • •

IV Al'{ALYSIS OF;· RESULTS .. .. • 0 4) 0 0 0 0 & ., • 0 0 0 • •

A. Similarity of Pumps • • • • -0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 •

B. Combined Pump Tests, Different Speeds • $ 0 0 • •

c. Oombined Pump Test, Different Fl~ids $". $ • 0

D. Head J:,.osses in the Wye • 0- 4) ~ 0 e (II 4) 0 0 0 • •

V . CONCLUSIONS. tifl ~ .. .. .. • • • • 0 0 .. 0 13 4) lit • • • •

v

v;i.

1

2

4

4

8

10

1)

13

13

14

16

~8

38

• • 0 • b • 0 0 0 -0 000 • •• 0: $0 0 •

.' • • 0 0 #) 0 0 -0 0 • • • /Ill 0- & II) .. -4 0- • •

• • • • • 0 0 .0. • 0 • • • • 0 0 0 00. • •

Equipment

Procednre_

Data

A.

B.

C.

References

Appendix

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFig.

Test'FsQility •••• ~ 0 0 • • 0 • 0, 4) Q

Pt~"ge

6

24

30

Details qf 4" x 6" Wye • 0 • • 0 0- 0 • '61 c- o 4) 6 0 () 0 0 0 7

Cpmp,r~son of Model Pumps No. 1 &~ N04/l- 2, 1720 rpm Q (f 4) 0- 19

COlllPanson 0+ Model Pumps No. l. &,' No. 2, 1840 rpm 0 0 () (t 20

Comp~I"ison ot Model Pumps Noo 1 &.. N0 9 2, 1560 rpm 0 " 0 () 21

Head and Brake horsepower as a FUnction of Discharge!);PUll1l? No.1, 1560 rpm 0 & • 0 • • 0 ~, .', c> I) 0 0 (> @ <I' ~ 0 22

EtticieIfCY; as a ])lnction of Discharge, Pump No" 15) 1720 rpm 27

Head and Brake horsepower as a Function of Discharge$}Pump No.1, l720 rpm 0 I$- 0 ••• ~ 0 j) 0 0 () (t 0 () () () I) 26

He~d ~q,.Brake .horsepower as a function of D~scharge,

rump No. ~, 1560 rpm • 1) @ II- • $ 4t I> 0 0>. 0 0 0 0 tt

~eaq and B~~ke horsepower as a'Function of Discharge 9

Pump No.2, 1840 rpm " • • • • • • 0 0 0 0 • 0 (t $ () e () 31

Eftioiency as a FUnction of Discharge, Pump Noo 1, 1560 rpm 23

Effic~ency as a FUnotion of Discharge, Pump No o 2 j 1560 rpm 25

Etfiq~ency as a FUnotion of Disoharge, Pump Noo 2, 1720 .rpm 29

Head and Brake horsepower as a Function of Discharge~

Pump No.2, 1720 rpm .. 0 " 0 • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GOO () 28

Head and Brake horsepower as a; Function of Discharge,'Pump No. 1, ~840 rpm o •• 0 0 0 • 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Efficiency as a Function of Discharge, Pump No o 1, 1840 rpm 32

Eff~ciency as ~,Function of Discharge, Pump No o 2j 1840 rpm 33

Two ~mp$ in Parallel CD Hypothetic,al Syste.m He~d Curves andP~mp Head - Discharge Curves •• • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (} 0 34

'Lo~s, C.(>efticient as FUnction of Discllarge Ratio in Wye iO l) 35

~

3

4

5'

6

7

8:

9

~O

11

~2

13

~4

l~

16

17

18

~9

LIST OF SIMBOLS

BHP = Brak~ horse povrer

Cl = Coefficient of loss

D = Diameter

e =Efficiency

f = Friction factor

g = Gravitational acceleration

H,h ;: Head

hf == Frictional. head loss'

~ ~ Head loss

L = Length

N ~ Impeller speed' (rpm).

Ns =Specific speed~

Q = Discharge

V = V~locity

WHP =Water horse power

t -Fluid density

SUbscripts rr and p refer to model and prototypeo

SUbscripts 1 and 2 refer to pump No. 1 and pump NO Q 2 0

SubsQripts 1, 2, 3, and 4 refer to pressure taps on wye Q

ao vi

PRELIMINARY REPO Rr ON

EFFICIENCY OF PUMPING AND PIPING LAYOUT

I. INTRODU,CTION

While the hydraulic efficiency of a pumping ~stem is an im-,

portant' consideration in its design, other limiting factors must often

be oonsidere.d as well. In the case of a bo'om dredge the weight of theI

boom must not be excessive as this would increase the draft of the dredge

and thus 'reduce its operating capabilities' as well a,s introduce more

severe structural requirements for the boomo It is in this connection

that a qu'esti,on has arisen regarding the problem considered l1erein.

The purpose of this. investigation was to determine experimentally

the characteristics of a combined pumping system composed of two pumps

in order th.at it might be compared to the two pumps operating separately.

Two operating conditions of particu;.Lar interest are: (1) the two pumps

operating at slightly different speeds and. (2) one pump pumping water

and the other' pump pumping a clay-cilt=water slurry~

The experimental program began with each pump being operated

singly at three different speeds and then t11€ two pumps ~eing operated

together with the speed of one Dump being slightly varied. Head loss

measurements were also made in the wye whioh joined the discharge pipes

of the two pumps. These tests were followed by a test of the pumps oper-

ating together with one pumping water and the other pumping water-solids

mixtur-e. This test was of necessity limited to a single run of short

duration because of 'the impossibili~y of recirculating the pumped fluid.

II. MODEL-PRDTOT"YPE RELATIONS

The results presented here are based upon mode! pump tests.

In this section the relationships used to predict prototype perfor-..

mance from model results 1s dis9~ssed with appropriate comments.

True similarity between model a·nd prototype would require

model surfaces with accurately sc:aled--down roughness and equality

of Reynolds1 numbers between model and prototype. Since this is

seldom practical, model pump tests are usually run at prototype heads

and velocities to more closely approach the prototype Reynolds t number

with corrections being made to the results as deemed advisable. Also,

the model. surface s are made as smooth as possible. Such was the case

in these tests; the heads in the model tests are assumed to be equal

to those which would be obtained from the prototype pump handling

the same fluid.

To obtain a relationship between model and prototype dis-

charge, it is only necessary to consider that

Q ct V L2

Since V, the velocity, is the same in model and prototype

2

(~)Lm

, ;or for these tests in which the, length ratio is 8,

Qp = 64 Qm (1)

In order to find the prototype-model speed relation it is

convenient to use th~ equality of specific speeds in the model and

the prototype,

Since Ns = NJ2: and since H is the same in the model and the

prototype, then

or

In this case then

( 2)..: ...~-

The next characteristic to be considered is that of efficienoy.

The assumption made h~re which is often used is that prototype effic~

iencies will be equal to those obtained in the model when they are

pumping the same fluid. This is a conservative assumption since it

has been found that prototype efficiencies are usually somewhat higher

than those in the model due in part, presumably, to the lower Reynolds l

number and higher relative roughness in the model.

In or~er to relate the brake horespower o£ the model to that

of the prototype,'it is recalled that the water horsepower is equal

to the brake horsepower times the efficiency.

WHP =~= e (BHP)550'

Since the efficiencies and heads are assumed equal in the model ana'

prototype, the resulting relation is

BlIP = Qp BIIPmP~

or for these tests (3)

BHP = 64 BHPP m

In summary, for a 1: 8 size ratio and identical fluids the

model~prototype re~~tions are

-4

Qp = 64 Qm (1)

Np = 1/8 Nm (2)

BHPp= 64 BHPm (3)

ep = em (4)....

Hp = Hm (,)

III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

A. Equipment

The test facility consists of two large tanks, two centrifugal

pumps operated by two direct-current motors, and piping to recirculate

the fluid with a wye to join the two discharge lines. Figure I shows

the layout of the system. A description of the equj,pm~nt follows.

1. Pumps - The pumps are 1 to 8 scale models of a centrifugal

dredge pump being used on S. S.'Zulia. One pump is composed of an

impeller and volute cast in bronze, while the other one has a plexi-

glas impeller and volute. The impeller used is designated as Trial

Design 7. It has a 45° entra'nee angle, a 22° 301 exit angle and

its profile is an involute ,curve. A further description of it may

be found in Reference (1). The pump shafts are of' stainless steel

and are supported by arttifriction type bearings (t all bearings to

ab~orb the radial and thrust loads of the pump.) The staffing 'box

seal ",is of mechanical type made by Garlock Packing Company (MECHANI­

PAK SEAL, type BB 21-A, with style B stationary seat).

2. Motors - The motors are 40 hp Direct Current LIFELINE H,

frame 40,-A motors manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Corporation,

Buffalo, New York. These motors are especially designed to provide

~ ~ . "

a wide speed range and accurate regulation of the speed. The motors

were calibrated p~ior to shipment to the laboratory. This was re~~

quired for determination of the .power input.

3. Flow Meters and Dynalog Recorders - The flows were

m~,asured by means of Magnetio, Flow Meters manuf'8ctured by the Fox~

boro Compa~Jt Foxboro, Massachuse.tts. The operation of this meter

is based on Faraday's law. A magnetic field is set up across the

pipe by an eLectro magnet. The water moving through the magnetic

field generates a voltage which, is propor-bional to the velocity of

flow. The voltage is picked up by two electrodes in the wall of

the pipe, meaSured, and recorded in units of flow by an electronic,

se'lf-balancing Dynalog Recorder. The Dynalog Recorder converts the

electrical variatipns of voltage ~to mechanical movements which

are recorded on a r~volving chart, by means of a pe~ attached to the

recorder ,by a link arrangement. An accuracy of one per cent in £low-

measurement tor the'1meter is claimed, by the manufacturer.

4. Piping - The piping system, starting on the suction side

consists of a 6-inch "drag arm" section of pipe i!lside the tf\nk,

which is follovred by a 4 1/2-inch suctionline to the pump. The dis­

charge pipe is 4 inches in diameter followed by a flow meter':r::with

4.ainch pipe from the .t:1ow meter to the wye. This arrangement is the

same for both pumps. A sketch of the wye is shown in Figure 2.

After the wye 6..inch pipe returns the combined flow to the tanks

with provision made to. direct, the fltid to a third tank.

S. Oth~r Measuring Equipment - Discharge 'and suction heads..~re measured by means of manometers;~,; Two lOO-inch mercury-water

manometers~:in;'serieswere used with' each pump to meaSUre discharge

A

TANK NO.2

LEHIGH ~fVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF CML ENGINEERIOO

FRITZ ENGINEERING LABORATORYHYDRAUUCS DIVISION

MODEL DREDGE PUMPSTEST FACILITY

DRAWN DATE .MAY 1962PROJECT NO.294 DRWG. NO. 294. I

ATOP VIEW

Tank No.1

8UPipe~1__ \o_~~ .--I= +-------

SECTION A-A

Tank No.3

I It II Il-J

Lab Floor

FRONT VIEW

Tank Na.2 i: I

_------~::.-!..----~ I.e------ w"

r----=::_-~--------~ionLine ~ JJJ-~J:1LLy+J\,....-........ ...-

AI

-.JA

MQ'\

Figo 1 Test Facility

12 II

, II" OIA. I

IIli pI. 9Y2 .c.

I}--- 6~I.D. ----jI I 1 1 1-1I I 1-,-

8 - ~8" OIA. HOLES

HOLES STRADLE t.

2Y211

898118~ IIe

12

..

c,.\\\ ~.

1'11. \ i\~'. ,\ Q~

8 -~4"DIA. HOLESHOLES STRADDLE t

~2"

FIG. 2 DETAILS OF 4" x 6" WYE

B--J

C:II 8

heads~ The suction presssures were measu~red at low flows with a carbon

tetrachloric1e~'W3terrl1anometer and at higher flows with an air-mercury

manometer 0 Head losses in the wye 'Were measured ~ith a differential

manometer with measuring fluid of speci~ic gravity of 2~95o

Speeds we~ measured approxim,9Jtely by tachometer-generator sets

\

mounted, on t11e shafts to the motors(I Since the speed variation was of

pXllima.ry interest in the tests~ a recently calibrated hand tachometer

manufactured by Hasler was used to set the speed accurately$

The voltages 9 amperages9 and apPl~ximate speeds were read on

the control panels supplied by the' Euclid Electric Company, Madison,

Ohio.

B~ P:rocedu;re

Irl single pump tests the follo"Wi.ng procedure was followed:

1(1 The voltage we.s ,set to 240 \rolt~s.

2~ The n"iotor was sta.rtled and broug11t to the approximate test

speed a,s indic,tlted by 'bhe electric tachometer.:

3 & The voltage was readjusted if necessarJ1'~

40 Using the hand tachometer the motor was adjusted to less

t,h8.n +2 rpm of t~he required speed e

')0 The suction and discharge heads of zero discharge ~ere

read on the manometers and current and voltage readings

rrlctde ()

60 The discharge value was opened until the desired discharge

1V'as reached as indicat,ed on the recorder~

7$ The speed was readjustedo

8¢ The manometers were read for the discharge and suction

heads9 al1d cU.rrent voltage :t~eadings made~

90 . The dischaJ:'Dge wa,s incY"eased in even incY"ements repeating

.. 9

the adjustment of speed each time &ld the reading of the manometers j

it val'&ied too nluch f'rom this value 0

In testing the pumps in parallel the essential variations

1." Botl1 ,purnp speeds iN'ere ftdjusted to near t:he required value o

2¢~ The. ~11ves contxuollulg ,the. !"€turn flow to the tanks were

3<> Val,ves be.fol~e t11e 'wye l\rere,:. adjust'ed to give the same

values l\ier'€ established in both pumps() The speeds were

a djusted to within! 2 rpm of the desired speed~

5~ BJB.ad:Ln.gs oiU m,anometers,9 currents,$) and voltages were made,.

6~ Speeds were r1eehecked for variationo

,7 (t 'fhe ~:rpeed ~s l~adueed, by the desired amount in one pump.p

The speed in the other pump was I~adjusted if necessary~(

8~ Readll1gs of manometers j currents~ voltages, and flow

'I reco:r,ds were rnadedl

9CI Speed,s W61'1l8 rechecked for val~iation()

lOti' A further l reduction of speed in one pump was made and

the "id;i8 st corlt:irlued in., t~he same manneri)

In the tes"ts ill whicll one pump was pumping water and another

INas punlping a water<=solids mix'tU!~e9 the two pumps were adjusted to

ttH9 desired "G8St. speedJ; and tvllen the valves in the line vrere

=10

opened and adjusted until the desired discharge was obtainedo The

discharges used were the same in both lir18s o The suetion side

manometer 1V'aS turned on only after flow haid been established o T·he

test was conti11ued until the liquid in tvhe sraaller supply tank was

exhausted &

Because the pumped fluid could not be recirculat~ed to the

supply tankss the duration of the test was· limited to about 45 sec~

ond S (I In '\rieltJ' of tIle b1,1J€vity of the tEJ frlovie c;arneJ\3S were used

to take filmed Iuecords of tIle rnanometer 1\9.adj~rlgs aIld the electric

current and voltage readingso

Measuremen'ts of head loss were made for ~aritOus combinations

of disch.@trge in the two legs of the wye€r Fi]~JStl$ the r'equired disiiiP

charges were est\abl-,ished in ea.ch line by adjustirlg the valves UP8;'.

stream of the wyeo Then~ pressure dif,ferer.tCtEH9. bettl'Weisn the upstmam

side of the wye and the downstream side of t~he wye 'W'ere made q These

readings included the differerlce betwee:n tJhe pr~eSSltrUe in each upstream

leg and the plessu.reat~ a section imuledie.tgely downstream of the wye$

and, 801 S09 the difference between t1he sal11 f upstreanl pressure and

the pressure at a section five feet downstream of the wyeo In the

first testa the measurement lat each locatiorl was the average obtained

from two or three piezometer taps located about the periphe~ of the

pipe& In later testqsJ) individual readings Tilers made for each piezo~

meter tap at the upstream locatioI1S o

Co Data~

The expel1.mental data obtained BIlle given in the Appendix"

A large number of experimental runs not ShO'i/lCl we:re rna,de in an

attempt to obtain impellers which produced characteristic curves!

e;)ll

which 'Were similaro It also should be 'noted that the SUPI)l~y' 'Lanl{s

were not interconnected for runs Noo 196 tlhI~ough 217 durirlg which

the pumps were operated in parallel o This re5111ted in variable

suction heads on the two pumpso These datia were not used in the

anUJrsiso Another point to be noted is th¢;rt due to motor power

limitations, it was not possible to obtain readings for the higher

discharges at high speeds@

The pump data were reduced in the following mannero The

product .of the current reading and ~he voltagEf gives the power input

in wattso Use of the calibration curve for the motor gives the

brake horsepower~ The algebraic sum of ,the discharge and suction

pressures and velocity heads in the suction and discharge pipes

yielctsthe head of the pump in pounds per square incho The povrer

output is obtained from the following expressionz

WRP1Of~

The pump effioiency is then found by

e ~ ~ (100) per centBlIP

Head losses in the wye were cal~ul.ated from the I iezometr'ic

head ,measurements between points 1 and 2 upstream of the wye and

points 3 and 4 dO'M1stream of the wyeo The basic equation used to

determine the head loss is an energy eqUation written between

points 1 and 2 and the dovm.str.eam point (Sketch No. ,1)0 Using

the 'downstream'point 4, for instance, we have~222

~ (hI + ;~ ) + Q2 (h2 + ~~) "" Q4 (h4 + ~. ) + Q4 I\. + Qt:h.f2g 2g

Aa12

o

®

SKETCH NO o 1

in which Hrn is the head loss in the vrye and hi~ is the frictional

head loss for the five~foQt length of pipe from point 3 to point 4.

Di\Tiding by Ql"," gi\fes ~

Q1 V 2 2 2=- (hI + 1)... Q2 ( h2 + V2 ) = (h4 +.Ykb) '"" hi' ~ HLQ4 '2g m: 2g 2g

The quantities (:h1 Q h4) and (h2

~ h4)were measured with differential

manometers)) wIllie Q1 and Q2 were determined by flow meters o The

velocitles were calculated from. t:he rat,as of flow and t4e pipe areas.

Tt16 quantity hf was found from2

hi' $ f ~ ;~

In equation (7), f ~ was found from the Moody diagram using a pipe

roughness of 0 0 0092 fto The length L was 5 feet and D was 0 0 5 fto

Calculation of the head loss using mea.surements at POi!lt 3 followed

in t:he same way except t:hat the term hf did not appear in the equa~

tiOXl o

IV 0 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

A(I S;imilarity J2f PumI2~

FiguI~es 3';> 49 and 5 compare the characteristics of the two

model pumps as determined by the tests of each ,pump singly<- It

can be seerl that the departures from sim:Uarity, of these two pumps

are small &

Bo Cornbirled Pump Tests$) Dlfferent Spee?s

Figures 6 t·hrough 17 show the reSlLlts of the combined plum~

tests superinlposed upon the curves of FiguIll€S 3.9 4, and 50 Scales

showing p:rototype discharge and brdke horsepo-wer 81'te also given~

It can be seen that the effect on pump 2 ti'! a slight decrea.se in

speed of Pump 1 is relatively small" At the higher discharges,there

is a slight increase in discharge in Pump: 2 whe~ the speed in Punlp 1

is decrea.sed o It is believed that this c.,an be· explained in the

following waYo

Referring to Figure 18,9 let it be supposed that both pu'mps,

are operatin,g at the sarne speed,? N9 and thesam~ discharge, Q1 ':, Q20'

The points of operation are located by the inte-~section of a system

head curve with the appropriate pump head discharge curveo When,;

the speed of Pump 1 is decreased to WI operation takes place alo~g

a new head discharge curVe indicated by a dashed line o Also, since

the rates of flow in each approach pipe of the wye have changed,

each system head curve is va.ried slightly-o Pump 2, however, is still

ca14

operating along the same head discharge CUT~\re since its speed has

not changed q Thus(~ the operating point for Pump 2 moves down to the

right along the CUlve for constant speed, ~~Tb"ereas the operating

point for Pump 1 moves to the intersection of a new system head

curve and a head discharge curve for a lower speed"

Co ££mbined Pump Test j Differe~~F1u.id~

A single test was made with water being pumped by one

pump and a W'ate~sol.ids mixture being pumped by the other pump.

Results are given ~in Table I" For the pump handling slurry, a

comparison is presented together with results obtained earlier

for the pump operating singly (1.) ~ The results· fo>0r the pt1.mp

handling water are not comparable since, in this te at:J the pump

volute of the water pump was leaking through a crack Which ap~

peared in an earlier testo The corresponding prototype speed

and discharge were 157 rpm and 48 9 400 gpm, respectivel.yo

Pump Noo Operating Fluid Density Pump Head Brake EfficiencyrPOPrdition

I I~ i gil .J?si Horsepo-wer %; _', ';' . ~ ~ .11, ._ il

1 Combined Pump 1.9:150 2604 1608 70

1 Single Pump 1,150 2705 1505 79

2 Combined Pump 1,000 24.2 17o48~ 61

TA.BtE I' c» COMBINED PUMP PERFORMAN~DIFFERENT FLUIDS

.Although the results show a decreased head and inc.reased brake

horsepower with a resulting decrease tn efficiency for the water~solids

pump in the combined test" it is felt that the result from a single test

is inconclusiveo The result for~, th~ s~ngle p11mp represents an average

obtained from a number of experimental points o Also, accurate corrr.rol

of pl. rn;> speed and discharge ~ hich was possi'ble in the single pump

test was impossible in the test with diff·~rent fluids, because of

the short duration of the test~

Duplication of actual operating conditions in the laboratory

for this problem has proved to be timE3~c"onsuming and difficult1) The

condition in which two dredge pumps are ,pumping waterQD~olids mixture

into a common pipelire under essentiall~r the same conditions followed

by one pump handling water 'While the other pump still purnps water-

solids mixtures could be expected ,to be a common occurrence in dredg~

ing operationso Such an occurrence would be hard to duplicate in a

laborato~ installation o

From an analytical viewpoint, however, it would appear that

if the pump handling a wate~solids mixture were kept at constant

speed!} the effect of the change in fluid density in the other pump

would be t9 increase the discharge of the water~solids pump~ If the

pump 'W'ere to operate at constant speed it could be assumed that

its characteristic head~discharge cu-rve would remain unchanged" The

combined flow beyond the wye would have about one half of the volume

of solids that it formerly hado This reduction would reduce the

viscosity of the pumped fluid and also the' head loss beyond the

wye o The water solids pump would be \in eff~ct, working against a

reduced head and a somewhat bigher disc11arge coul,d be expectedo

The change would be der-endent mainly upon the length of pipe l.ine

after the wye 0

~16

It is possible that the flow is such· that the change in vis~

cosity of the fluid 'would have a negligible ei~fect upon the head

10'88 for high Reynolds numberso In this irlstanCe,9 the wate~solids

pump would continue to operate with esserltially the same discharge

and efficiencyo

Do Heaq, Losses in the WI-€!

Results of head loss measurements in the wye are presented

in Table II~ The method by which these results were obtained from

the piezometric measurements will be expla.,ine.do

Initial st,udies of the hea.d loss in the -wye indics.ted an

asymmetry in the fl,ow through the wyeo This asymmetry may be il.lusala

trated as fol.lowso Let us suppose that a flo'w rate of Q occurs in

cone leg of the wye and a flow rate of 2Q occu,rs in the other leg o

Changes in head across the wye are measured o -: Then the situation is

reversed with 2Q in the first leg of the wye and Q in the second leg o

Changes in head across the wye are again ,measured and are fo'und to

vary considerably from those measured .:Brsto This would not be exc;;;l

pected to occur if the flow were symmetricalo

To obtain more information about the flolv in the wye, piezo~

meter taps were drilled at the top, at the center on one side, and

at the bottom of the approach pipes of the wye at the upstream lo~

cations 0 The lines to the manometers 't!lere arranged so that eaoh

tap could be read separately(» The data obtained for various flow

conditions are tabulated in the Appendixo It carl tJfe se~n that the

readings for a given rate of flow in the wye vary cons~derably de=

t:oo)17

pending on the lecation of the tap and, also 9 that the variations

are quite consistent in that the three readings nearly always rankj)

in size j in the same order o

This suggests the possibility of ,secondary flow ill the

pipe which may possibly be c8.used by the elbow upstream o While. this

is of some interest)) it was felt that a good~ conS8lvative estimation

of the head loss in the W'YB could be obtallled,) from these datao To

obtain more correct values would entail considerably mo:re time and

effort 0 Accordingly.9 head loss calculations were made based upon

the piezometer readings giving the largest head loss across the

wyeo

Another comment on the head loss calculations which should

be made is that they were based upon a .dowp,stream piezometric measure llOQ

ment f~ve feet beyond the wye with an estimated friction loss for

the intervening pipe length subtracted. Readings ,were also tak:en

immediately downstre,am; the se readings gave Ie ss consistent value s

due, perhapsj to the proximity of the tap .. to ,the wyeo

A coefficient of loss for the pipe,wa~ calcUated and is

included in the table 0 It was taken to be equal to the head loss

divided by the velocity head of the combined flowo Figure 19 shows

a plot of the loss coefficient versus the ratio of flow in the two

legs of the wye.

An interesting conclusion may be drawn from a study of the

losses in the wye~ If only one line is operated through the w:ve

or if the flow in one line is considerably less than ~Ghe other, the

-18

wye is rather inefficient. The results of t,he test show that when

the ratio· of the separate flows is 1 to J the loss is about three

times that of the case when the two flows are equal. When there

is flow in one leg only; the loss is ten times that of the case with

equal flows. In the experiment, the loss in the wye was found to

be about eqt'ivalent to that which could be expected in a three foot

length of c«o:tinch pipe 9 This high loss is probably due to an eddy

forming in the inactive leg of the wye.

V4> CC :NCLUSIONS

The effect on one pump ot a change in speed of anoth~r

pump op€x-ating in parallel was found to be sm~llo A reduction in

efficiency of 145% was the maximum change observed at a prototype

discharge of 64,000 gpmo No cefinite trends could be observed at

the lO'Wer! pump speeds o The chief effect on the pump operating at

constant speed was a slight increase in discharge, presumably ~ausedi ,.-. I

by the al~epa~ion of the loss characteristics of the wye with t1).~",.,_,

chap.g~,p cqn~,i~i,?nt

."The~)i.i1.or"disadvantageouseffects that the change in cona=" , "

ditions' for one pump might have on the other pump in a combined'

system lro~dappear to be considerably outweighed by the t'tdded head

losf/which':' would be incurred if the ,two pump~ were pumping through

separate pipeso

A value of 09 14 was obtained for the loss coef.ficient in

the wye which is defined as the ratio of the head loss -to the

downstream. "V"eiociiy head. The loss for flow -yhrough one leg of the

wye alone was found to be about ten times as large, with inter-

mediate values for intermediate ratios of flow in the two legs.

.= 19

30

111I11111111I111111111'-t,:-~I'~+:~I:l::I_:'+-+IOJiIIJl5025

10

IJ· - _I-l-.\tttl-lH+tl--I-I+..-4-.--1 II "HH-I-H++-++++--+-+-++tH -1

32 t-+-++++I--+-+++++-+l'--l.++H~f +++-t---!-l--I-++.\-t

3 4 I--++-t-t-+++-I--+++'H-H 1H l+IH9'H-I· I-H ... +t 11 _ _HtH HI I +-+1+ 1+-1 1++ -I Ii -Ii -+.\ 1-1_1_1.\.1••• -I-- J

111111111111111111~~m~llli~1I1111 't)~B HPI""

40 ~ 20 ~(.) 0s:t P..(1).n CD() ttl

-M ,...

1IIIIIIIIIIglr:~~~~~~~li-~ ~mftlllllil t: ~-f-- -r Jflt If 1I+I+I.\+-+_I_.\I'I-!.+-I130 [:r~ 15 ..!<l~;

Speed = 1720 h M

lFluid ·Weter "-j 1 j

ffitatttmtmfHtHi+tmHB+Hittttttti±t+1+H4-H+1+H-H Fump No. 1 0 :j

!' j- .1.1

Pump No. 2 _._- -A- t I"' j li 1 ,:,:t ; iii! f r

~ - Ij Ii r I ! I I ~ f- pl: T I I I I ~ ': ',' I : I : I I j j! IiI j It'1 j 11 1 2 0~YH+-~1++·++++t+++++++-++++++++++++++++++++++++-+++++-I-l++,+h;---i'-----+--iii--+-++-li--l-hl.J~1:-l-''~.-..+--il1--wi1----J----j.11C---,.-..,i!~!~'t--i It--+-

i ! h----:!!_ i i ::! 1 i; i i -l-t~ !j : 11! 1i . 1 f

t~~ 11,#!JI-+-I-I+-+H+I!+I~ f iii! I i!ll illl[:: :il~ :!f: 1:;: ~::r iln }jlj i lliil 11111

400oH: '~r -l .-

200

,Fig. 3

600 800 1000 1200 0Discharge .... gpm

Comp'arison of Model Pumps No it 1 &. No 9 2

5

p

52

80 40

50

70 35...-t(1)

Pt

• 48'T,j

Eft1,o1encyast! 60 30

46

50 . 25

-. 20

43

80"'" 10

'.!...:,:

o 200 400 600 eoo 1000 1200 0D180harge .. gpm.

F18. " OQUlparfs"n~ ., .4e1 Pumps No. 1 & No. 2

o

62

50

45

Head

~ 21

60

54

, I .' ,

.. !.ittlql~~Y, '

80

70

60

40

35

,30

~iLl

52 40 I 20 It>- ofJ Pot~G) <l).,... a1U J.t......

~'""50 30 ~ 15 Q)

~

Speed ~ 1560as~Fluid- ..,. Ylat'er

Pump' Np. :1 0Pump' NO. 2 .....

20 10

10 5

o -2fj(j~ 400 600 800 1000 1200 0..Discharge - gpm

Ir1g. 5,': .QQmparlson of Model Pumps No.1&. No. 2

o

Dredge Pump r~o. 1<=> 22

Single TestsNo.1 operated alone at:

Speed in r. p. m.model prototype

1560 195

46

Combined TestsNo.1 operated at:

-----~----- 1560- -8- -- 1544

B 1536----£- 1528

"doth No. 2 at 1'560

195193192191195

32 2048

4D.w, Cd

128°ebCD

~.po.~

ol02~&:

1'9228

,..J4 ~

241 '15368.o CDP4 IIIG) ".

~ tBJBQ)

20~

eb....CD'Co

t-+-t.++.+-t-+++++-++++++-t-+-+-+-++-+-+-f++.4~....J~4-+-A.I-~~~ 16 ~34

40

36

•.,-4

•CQ•

Pi

'C138 .as~

14- ; ~ :f- - . - - .. - .+1" j' 't- t"I--+-t-+.++++'-h~~++t-.++t--+ Iilt .Tt~ J~ .- .-f+-+-+++--H'+- j-+-f- - ..."+1-+ t--t-+-+-l-t-++++++++-++-+ 1-+++-1.....1+-+-1-+-++1-+++-++·+·1· I ,I H··~--+-~+ t--+--t+++-+++ of , ..+-+-+ +--f....f...+-..t-., .... -+-J.--I-I--+-l.+4--.J.--tI.IOoo1- j...j...J.-..l-.j.

1000 12008 512

0 200 400 600 800·1\10 del Discharge gpm )

0 12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 64.0 76.8Prototype Disoharge ( 1000 gpm )

Fig. 6 Head and Brake Horsepower as a Funotion ot Disoharge

-_ j-+--++-HI--I-I--I-+-H++I--+++++++ l--I---I--~

·t . '~ "t-,-t t-r++'t-t--t t-tf t-t--t -t"++t-t-+tt-t-H+t-+-t-++-t-+-l.+-t++t-+-I

d- f -t-t-t-++-tt-t-+++t--t-+-++-II-+-++-t-++-f-I-+++--l-- : 23t-+++-+-+++-l-+++-H++1H.-l-Hi-+-t--+-i+++ -/--+H+ 1+-++-i--f+++++++++++--H-+-H--++I---I+hH+H-I-+ + -!--- J-+H-+-+-+ I-+++++-t---I---t-+-t--I--t-t-t----r t-

H ++-I--t--I-H~, H-+-I>-+-+-+-''--j.t-t-/--t t-++ I-t- t-+--I-I-++++-+-+++-++I-+ H-+-+-+-t-f I"-+--+-I-t- t-t--:I',Ht- --

H-+-t-IH++t-+-t-H-t+t++-++---t-cH-+-H--++++++-+-++-++-t---j--t+Hf-t+++++++t-++++-++-++++t-+t-1-t-H-t--t-t-+-t-1t-t-t-+-lr---t-+t-l--++-+-+-t-H-t i ++-t' f+++ t t -t-++t+t-t-+-+-jt++- r-t+++-It++t-H t- -f"-++-t+--t +_+-+-l--

H+-H-+++t-t+++++++-H++++I---+-I-++++++-f-++H-r++++++++-+-++++t--H+++t-++-I+t++-t-H+++++H++t-+--~+++t-+++++-+++--rr-++++++++t+++-Hr+tt+H++++++++-rrt+rt-t-H--f - . ,+30 H+++-t+++-+-H-+++-t+++-+-t--H+++-+-++-++-+-++-+++HI--+++H++t+++r-t-+++++++

Dredge Pump No 0 1

Speed in rep e m0>model prototype

o

Single TestsNo@ 1 operated alone at:

1560 195

195193192191195

-. 24

model prototypeSingle Tests

No. ·2 operated alone at:---1560 195

46

'daB I

II&1

36

32 '

COJP,b1ned TestsNO.2 operated at .•

with No" 1 a-t:oAEl'.lA,

1560

156015441-5361528

195

195'193192191

ai" 2048

28 ',1'92

e· 512

..

o 200 400, 600 800 1000 1200¥odel Discharge ( gpM )

o 12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 6~.O 76.SPrototype Discharge ( gpM ) ~/()OD

Fig. 8 Head and Brake HOrsepower 8S a Function or Disoharge

'0

30

20

10

Pledge Pump No • .I.i

I Speed in r.pmodel protot

Single TestsNo. 2 operated alone at:

~ 1560 195

Combined TestsNo. 2 operated at. 1560 lfi)5

w1th No.1 at:0 1560 195A 1544 193EJ 1536 192.. 1528 191

l

fTTTTITTTr-Tl1 1 r I I I I

0 200 400 600 800 1100 1200Model Disoharge gpm )

0 12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 84.0 76.8Prototype Discharge ( gpm )~/OOD

"ig. 9 Etfie-ieRoy as a. .Funotion or Disoharge

25

215

38 2432

34 2176

30 1920

10 640

16 896

model pSingle Tests

No. 1 operated alone at:1720

Combined TestsNo. 1 operated at:

-0--1720- ---8.-- 1704

EJ 1696.. 1688with No. 2 at 1'120

- - ~ ~ -.

50

Dredge Pump No. 1-.- -. 26Speed in r.p.m.

rototype

46

52

o 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Model Dls~harge gpm') ,

o 12.8 '25.6 38.41 ,'51.8 64.0 .. '1u.8'Proto"tntl Discharge ( gpm) 'I-/()(){)

Fig. 10 Head and Brake Horsepower 'as It J'unctlon ot Discharge

21521321221~

56 215

46

42

,44

· '....•r.t•

I=lt......

eo

'0

10

-50.

•. -

t'i,.. I11 I.... 40(~

I

I

so Spe.ad in r.p.m.model prot.ot1P6

80 I

Slnsle TestaNo. 1 ope~ate4 alone:at:

Oombined Test.No. 1 operated at:

oAEJA

w1th Ho. 2 at

1'20

1720'1.'1041.69616881'20

215

2152132,12211215

- . - - - -~ - ... -.~ .. &_.- -- -~~~ - -

" 80(1 400 600 800 1000 1200f6:)'del D1soharge (, gpm )

0 12.S 25.6 38 0 4 51.2' 64.0 '6.8P;rotot e Disollarse ( ..gpm ) "/..1 (Job

r18.~' 11 Ettl~i.DOY 88 a lUDctlo~ ,Ot Disoharge

Dredge Pump No , 1 ~ 28

56

54

Speed in r.p.m.model prototype

Single TestsNo. 2 operated alone at:

1'20 215

Comb1ned Teats-No~ 2 operat,ed at, 1720 215

with No.1 at:0 1'120 215A 1'104 2130 1696 212• 1688 211

a8 2432

34 21"")

30. ~ 1.920 ..50 h

I0

......... .= ~

• 4D.,... 8. ~•• 86 'I, 1664tf]•~ i . .=--.;

'd'S ' ISCIS • II~ ~

k cD'aa fQ 140a~

r-4 .p

.: 0

46+If

:a 0

~

,18 1152

44'

14. 896

42

10 640

o

oFig. 12

200 400 600 SOO 1000 1200Model Discharge gpm)

12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 64.0 '1.8Head and Brake HOrsepower as 8 FUnction of D1scha~8.

'0

,Ip

-80•ta,

IfitO i

,

:I

30

\

80

10 •

29

Dredge f!mm. ~o. 1l

Speed in r.p.m.model prototype

Single TestsNo. 2 'operated alone at:

1720 215

Oombined TestsNo. 2 operated at, 1720 215

with No. 1 at:0 1720 215A 1704 213El 1696 212A 1686 211

.. - '.

0 200 400, &00 BOO 1000 1200Model Discharge gpm )

0 12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 64.0 76.8Prototype Discharge ( gpm ) j../O()O

Flg. 13 Effioiency as a Function of Disoharge

- 30Speed in r@peJU0

model prototypeSingle Tests

No.1 operated alone at:184~ 230

Combined TestsNo.1 operated ata

~1840

- ~8--1824

E1 1816~- -A--- 1808

with NO.2 at: 1840

230 46 2944228227226230

42 2688

62

38 2432

60 HQ) i4• ID...... 0 •• 34, ~ 2176 &.....

• to (0.. iLl CQ

• ~', k~58 ~-a Q) (I)Cd ) M ~

I, I 30 ~ 1.920 ::I

r.Q ~

r=-t <DQ)

~,56 fC'J

~+»B

26 16642P-t

5~

22 1408!

,58!

18 :l152, .

50

14 fJ96

0 200 400 600 800 \ 1000 1200Model Discharge gpm )

0 12.8 25·.& 38•.4 51.2 64 0 0 76.8Prototype D6so118rge ( gpm ) ~IIJ()O

Pig_ 14 Head ,and Brake HOr8epower as 8 Function of Disoharge

.- 31

~41 tnlfi'~i~

~ 2 oP;J,v~2i

1840

184018241816180S

230

23046 8944

230228'227

42' 2688

38 2432

......"......'.Ct

~58!

'UG

t!

56

54

52

50

o 200 400 600 SOC 1000 1200MOdel Disoharge gpm'

o 1208 25@6 as@4 51~2 6400 76~8Pr~ototT'pe .Discht\l\lge ( gp:n ) '~/OlJrJ

Fig. 15 Head and Bl~a.ke Hor&~Hl~power as a fun'ot ion of: Discharge

~i4 @)~ ~~ 0

34 a 2176 ~«D

~ ~~ ~

.k &1tftQ)

G) ~

30~OJ

1920 (4"~

~(J)

..-t~Q)

'd ~

~()~

026 1664 t:

18 1152

14 896

80

'0

60I

i

i

'It. 50I

P-o~....t)

""'40-4-t

~

30

20

Dr!'S' lImR. II!h. •Speed in rc.pdl.

aoae-l p:ro\o~JP.

Single TestsNo.1 operated alone-at:

---1840

Combined TeatsNo.1 operated at:

oA8A

with No. 2aa't:

18~1824181618081840

28028a227286230

~--- - -- -

0 200 4,00 600 BOO 1000 1800Model Discharge gpm)

0 12.8 25.6 38.4: 51.2 6".0 "6.8Pro to17pe Disohuge ( &Pit ) ]-,/000

F1g. 16 Efficienoy as a Function Dt D1.ob~r8.

~ 33

r~..'.:.0th,

Irr

601

3·0Dredge I!m2 No. &

Spee4 in r.p.a.model prototype

Single Testsat:No. 2 operated alone

1940 230

Combined Tests230No. B operated at, 1840

with No. 1 act; :0 1840 230A 1824 228E1 1816 22'• 1808 226

10

20

-~-~ ' .. ~ ..... . -0 200 ' 400 600 800 1000 1200 .

Model Discharge gpm )0 12.8 25.6 SS.4 51.2 64.0 76.8

Prototype Disoharge (. gpm ) '~/OOCJ

Fig. 17 . Efficiency as a Funotion ot Discharge~.

H,Head

HwyeI

IQ2

I

Operating Point ®

-IQ -QI. I - 2

Q, Discharge

Head-DischargeQ)at Speed N

Point®

Head Discharge@at Speed N.

Head Discharge COOperating Point([) at Speed N

Operating PointCi)

FIG. 18 TWO PUMPS IN PARALLEL HYPOTHETICAL SYSTEMHEAD CURVES AND PUMP HEAD - DISCHARGE CURVES

lJJ+:-

1.61------".~----lI

........-------~-..----,~-_J.__----

0.21 \-

\0.4

o

l

Fig~ 19 ItOSS Coefficient as Function of

Discharge Ratio in Wye

l, "

I I I. ~

"

~. Q2

Q3 \ ~,

2

gpm gpm gpm Ft$ of Water H / V 3L2g

. 200 200 400 002 006

400 400 800 016 012

600 600 1200 039 014

800 800 1600 052 ql0

1000 1000 2000 1 0 03 ~13

12,GO 1200 2400 1~63 014

1000 1200 2200 11>39 .14

800 1200 2000 1048 018

,poO 1200 1800 1050 .23

400 1200 1600 2,,02 038

200 1200 1400 2 0 80 «) 71

~-- 0 1200 1200 4,,24 lo~O

,0 1200 1200 4033 1050

1200 0 1200 50 08 1080

TABLE II HEAD LOSSES AND LOSS COEFFICIENTS IN WYE

~36

~37

Run Q1Qa

'' "

hl sa h h e~j h1 h ~ h3 t t= h4

N"o. gpm gpm fto of Wa~er ft~ 8f Ttla/e-er ' ft of 'Watel""

T C B T C B C C

302 1200 0 Ga7.05 ~6090 ~6i\11 ~3@ 79 ~3e54 =l3~14

303 0 1200 ~3.56 ~3o 74 ~3~82 =6 0 86 W3? @3 7 ~7~50

305 ~~oo 1200 0.19 ~o~68 0 0 72 0 0 34 a=O.81 ilQO.39 -3015 QQ3.27

306 1000 ·.1200 0.73 0.08 1 0 06 ...0.49 ~lo64 -1i!22 ~1.95 ~3~69

307 800 1200 0 0 60 0&36 0 0 94 ~1.43 ~2.60 -=2 e30 c:;)1.28 ~4.24

308 600 1200 0 0 28 0.08 0.50

309 400 1200 $)o~65 ~Oo60 ~Oo42 ~4027 ~5016 ~4~94 £:)1.53 ~6015

:310 600 1200 c=t3 0 00 -=»3.96 eo)3,,61 ~1~19 ~5(t15

311 200 1200 Q;11043 ~lo43 ~lo43 f»5o 72 ~6~50 ~6037 ~2037 ~7$lO

312 0 1200.- c.3 064 ~3077 ~3090 c.t6~95 ~7010 fQ7.56, ~3C) 78 ~7@47

3).3 1000 .1ooa t=tO o18 ~Oo68 ~Oo16 0 0 42 ~Oo42 0.,11 tQ2040 ~2~16

314 800 -80,(} ~Oo21 ~Oo42 )021 ~Oo15 r=lO o55 ~Go23 c=11 0 56 ~lo67

315 600 600 0 ~Oo26 0 0 15 0011 ~Oo23 o-~o6 ~OtJ89 ~O~86

"316 400 400 ~OolO ~Oo16 0 0 03 0,,06 C<)O oo6 0 c=O~41 caOQ32..

. " "317 200 200 0 c=lO o 03 o~o3 a ~Oo02 C=O o 02 c:;JOo13 <=0 0 10

~ote: T, C, and B indicate taps at top, center, and bottom of upstream pipe at:- measuring, sectiono

TABLE III DATA SHEET FOR HEAD LOSS IN WYE

,<.~) Heroich, J 0 Bo and Vallentine, Ho, R~, ,EFFECT OF "IMPELL;ER' DESIGN CHANGES ON' CHARACTERISTIC OF A

MODEL DRE:nGE PUMP, Frit z .Engin.€'erl11g 'Laboratory,Hydraulics Division, Project Report No o ' 33; September,·1961.

- 38

APPENDIX

TABLES OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA

DATA SHBET

Single Tests(Liquid density 1000 giL)

PUMP No ;.- -. 2 PUMP No.2Pump Speed 1560 rpm Pump Speed 1720 rpm

Run Suction Discharge Discharge Brake Run Suction Discharge Discharge BrakeNo. Head Head ets Horse No. Head Head ers Horse

Psi Psi Power Psi Psi Power

154 -orl.52 43.l.t.e- 0.022 8.60 161 -r1.66 52.06 0.022 10.401.55 TO.19 44.e7 o.u45 12 ~ 37 ·~162 TO.I7 54.56 -J.445 lS.4u156 -0.29 43.99 0.891 16 . .53 163 -0.20 54.20 0.891 19.ee157 -1.25 41.21 1.337 20.68 164 -1.06 51.e3 1.337 25.25lse -2.75 36.38 1.782 23.98 165 -2.60 46.35 1.782 29.';4159 -4.35 30.77 2.228 26.72 166 -4.35 40.65 2.228 31.+.19160 -6.65 25.34 2.674 29.94 167 -6.65 34.33 2.674 38.32

PUMP No. 2PUmD Speed 1840 rpm

Run Suction Discharge Discharge Brakew-o~ Head Head cfs Horse

Psi Psi__ - Power:~ /( ~.

16ft +2.34 59.57 0.022 12.82169 . +0.48 62.~1 o .J+45 17.77170 -0.06 61.99 O.e91 23.49171 -1.06 59.71 .1.337 29.65172 -2.50 55.35 1.7e2 23.82173 -4.10 49.1e 2.228 40.22174 -6.21 43.06 2.674 45.62

TABLE A~1

PUMP No. 1Pump Spead 1560 rpM

~ _ _ _~. _ ..... r ~ ~ ~ ~ .. ~

___ DA~_S~T_ _~ ..__

.. - - SIngIe---T~-ats :-'-, -.----,- .{Liq.uid den.ttT·l000-g¥t~~~-:-·_·-

PO'MP No.1--.--- --.....PUmp 'Spe-ed 1720.rpm

Suction --Dis.chargeHea_d HeadPsi Psi

Ru~

WOe

17517611711e119leoIfl1

- ....1 • .59 ­1{).S3-0 •.01-O~96-2-.26-3~80

-5.94

43.6645.-31-43.7540.4735.se31~06

26.06

D-1scharge .-' Brakec.f~__ ' Horse

.PoWer·,t....

to.GOOr :~ 7:;63- -- "-O.44S' .- '12.24 .---O~.8"91 ,16.65-l~_3.37. '.__20!551.782 . 23.832.278 26~e42.674 .. 29.ee

--.--- ,.-.- '.-- -'f- - ----;...- -_. ---- -- ------:--. -. ---

: Run--- ---Su~+orL-.----~:1schar.ge .. Discharge- - Brake-.- .o~ : 'Head' :- Head c1's . Horse,- --:----·-------Pal----~---.-- ,-'P81----- -- .... - . --.-- .. 'Power

--- .. -. '--, ---:- -,._~ -~-- :-'-- --~---- ._; -~--~.- - - 1· -~ -- ---; --- ··182~-;--· -.....1.;84..·--------s-j-.51·-:·-----·-~10.000 - ... ---- 9.76-'----~·--1a-3~· -~-~49--··------~15_--- .: ·----9.-445 - ·-15.34--_.l84- -'-- ~ "--~O~OO--~--;---~ __S-S·-- . ----"--O-.s9~ -- - 21.30-- -

____le5___ 1 __~Q~9.7~__ ~----'_-_5-0--~J4--.-- ..: .: __ l.~33_7 _~ _25-.18_186 : ~2~3l : 45.79 . 1.78~ 30.29

--~87' --:-'-3-~CJ3--~" -'--~O.·51 .-. -- 2:~28 -- 34.41----:-~88-'" .-:---~o:o-4--,---~-~S-~-OS---,--- - -Z.674· "38-.97

~ _ ~_ ~ .• 1. &._ _ ..__~~~___ ~ a. _ ~ __~ __

PUMP No. 1Pump Speed 1840 rpm

Run Suction Discharge D18Cha~ge Brake-Ro. Head Head era H()r.a~

'Psi Psi Powerp ••

1e9 .,.2.04 61.22 - 0.000-- il.S8190 TO.53 63.72 - . 0 -.1.j.45 . 18.381~1 -0.01 61.54 . 0.891· 25.00 ..192 -0.93 59.00 1.331 '. 30~70193 -2.21 53.52 1.782 35.'8'1194 -4.00 47.55 2.228 40.91-'--195 -5.97 42.27 2.614- 45.94

~AB:LEiA ...1

;

DA.TA S'HEET

'Combined Tests(Liquid Density 1000 gil)

Note: Runs '196 ·to 217 we~e ~ade with separate tanks. C

Runs 218 to 291 we:remade 'with' tanks int'ero;onneot:ed.

Run Pump Pump Sue bion Discharge Dischar,ge : B'rakeNo. No. Speed Head Head Hor,se

. rpm psi psi ora Power

,.196 1 1560. ' ,+0.49 44.91 0.223 9.97

2 1560 ' +0.73 44.59 0.223 Ib.:15,

197 1 1544 0.42 43.98 0.223 9.68,2 1560 . 0.8'9 44.45 0.223 10.,15

198· 1 1536 0.39 43.20 0.223 9.40 .2 1560 0.91 44.54 0.223· 10.15

199 1 1528 0.36 41.27 0.22.3 9.402 156'O'~~ 0.96 42:.73 " 0.223 9.87

200 1 1560 ' , 0.16 45.14 0.445 12.292 156'0 0.29 ' 45.10 0.4lt5 12.17

201 1 1544 0.23 44.36 0.445 12.062 1560 0.2Z 44.81 0.445 11.89

203 1 1536 0.14 4.3.66 0.445 11.'722 1560' 0.27 1+5. 10 0.445 12.17

204 1 1528 0.30 43.43 ,0.445 11.'722 .1560 1.66 44.63 0.445 12.,17

205 1 1.560 0.10 44'.81 0.668 ' 14~642 1560 0.06 44.40 0.668 13.87

206 1 1544 0.17 43.75 0.668 14.41 '2 1560 0.25 44.68 0.668 13.64

208 1 15.36 0.22 43.-28 0.668 14.06,2 1560 -0.20 44.36 0.668 13.92

.209 1 1528 :0.17 42.88 0.646 ' 13.822 1560 -0.17 44.68 0.691- 13 •.98

210 1 1560 -0.54 43.25 o.9iJ- 17.062' 1560 -0.20 44.54 0.891 16.3!

211 1 1544 -0.43 42.60 0.891 16.532 1560 -0.28 44.31 0.891 16.31

212 1 1536 -0.-27 42.46 0..891 " 16 .• 23,2 156.0 -0.41 44.31 '0 ~ 891 16.07 '

213 . 1 1528 -0.18 41.99 . 0.867 15'.952 1560 -0.47 44.26 , 0.891 . 16.,07

·Tab Ie A-:2

DATA SHEET

Combined Tests(Liquid Density 1000 g!l)

Note: Runs 196 to 217 were made with separate tanks.Runs 218 to 291 were made with tanks interconnected.

Run Pump Pump Suction D~scharge Discharge BrakeNo. No. Speed Head Head Horse

rpm psi psi efs power

214 1 1560 -1.28 40.24 1.325 20.712 1560 -1.77 41.29 1.325 20.13

215 1 1544 -1.13 39.6e. 1.303 19.932 1560 -2.89 40.92 1.325 20.22

216 1 1536 -0.91 39.49 1.281 19.362 1560 -2.99 1+0. e3 1.325, 20.22

2,17 1 152e -0.62 39.59 1.216 19.082 1560 -3.09 hO.92 1.,.325 20.22

218 1 1560 -1.25 39.96 1.325 20.132 60 ... 0.96' L~l. 06 1.325 20.02

219 1 1.54J~ -1,18 39 • .54 1.303 19. eJ.J.2 60 -0.91 41. 3L~ ), • .325 20.02

220 1. 1536 -1.15 39.03 1.281 19.552 60 -0.91 40.92 1.325 20.02

221 1 1528 -1.10 38.44 1.258 19.262 60 -0.88 41.06 1.325 20.31

222 1 1.560 -2.45 35.37 1.782 23.732 60 -2.24 36.79 1.782 23.69

223 1 1544 -2.40 35.04 1.760 23.'252 60 -2.18 36.61 1.782 23.69

224 1 1536 -2.31 34.81 1.738 22.392 60 -2.16 36.56 1.782 23.69

225 1 1528 .-2.21 34.40 1.716 22.112 60 -2.31 36.46 1.782 23.69

226 1 1560 -4'.15 30.51 2.228 27 . .392 60 -3.95 31.00 2.228 27~12

227 1 1544 ":4.00 30.28 2.206 26.662 60 -3.98 31.00 2.228 26'.95

228 1\ 1536 -3.88 29.95 2.183 26.202 60 -3.57 30.81 2.228 27.35

229 1 1528 -3.80 29.80 2.161 25.342 60 -4.05 30.81 2.250 26.95

Table A-2

DATA SHEET

Cornb ined Tes ts(Liquid Dens1ty 1000 gil)

Note: Runs 196 to 217 were made with separate tanks.Runs 218 to 291 were made "with tanks interconneoted.

Run Pump Pump Suotion Discharge Disoharge BrakeNo. N"c. Speed Head HeQd Horse

rpm psi psi era Power

230 1 15(-,0 -6 . .38 25.1)+ 2.671+, 30.402 1:>0 -6.16 25.52 2.674 30.2J.J..

231 1 154L~ -h.Oo 2h.63 2.6.51 " 29.,,,"2 60 -6.28 25. L~.3 2.674 30.,2

232 1 1536 -6.0Li. 24.63 2.651 29.132 60 -6.26 25.29 2.696 30.65

233 1 1528 -5.91 2JJ.• 31 2.607 28.292 60 -6.26 25.29 2.718 30.99

234 1 1720 0.39 54.78 0.445 14.992 1720 0.36 5h.51 0.41+5 14.94

2.35 1 1704 0.39 53.95 o. L~)+5 14.692 1720 0.36 54.51 0.445 14.92

236 1 1696 0.39 53.34 0.445 14.692 1720 0.36 54.33 0.445 14.92

237 1 16Ee 0.39 52.e 3 0.445 14.402 1720 0.35 54.85 0.445 15.16

238 1 1720 -0.18 53.52 0.e91 20~62

2 1720 -0.13 54.09 0.891 19.93

219 1 170Lt. -0.16 52.ee O.e69 20. 3.32 1720 -0.16 53.95 0.891 20.22

240 1 1696 -0.13 52.23 0.847 19.492 1720 -0.18 .5 3.806 0.891 20.13

241 1 16ee -0.11 51.86 0.847 19.202 1720 -0.20 5h.1O 0.913 20.13

242 1 1720 -1'.13 50.52 1.337 26.222 1720 -0.91 51.59 1.337 25.02

243 1 1704 -1.06 49.54 1.337 2,.382 1720 -0.81 51.64 1.337 25.02

.. 244- 1 1696 -1.03 48.85 1.315 24.652 1720 -0.78 51.31 1.337 24.85

, "

245 1 1688 -1.01 48.52 1.292 24.372 1720 -0.78 51.26 1.337 24,B5

Table A-2

DATA SHEET

Comb ined Tee te(Liquid Density 1000 F/l)

Note: RUrlS 196 -to·.217 were made with separate tanks.Runs 218 to 291 were made with tanks interconnected.

Run Pump Pump Suc t ion Discharge Discharge Bl"akeNo. No. Speed Head Head HOI'se

rpm psi psi cfe Power

246 1 1720 -2.43 45.43 1.782 30.452 20 -2.26 46.67 1.782 30.14

247 1 1704 -2.31 44.87 1.738 29.222 20 -2.31 L~6. h8 1.782 30.14

248 1 1696 -2.21 1~4.63 1.738, 28.952 ,20 -2.31 46 .L~9 1.805 30.14

249 1 10ES -2.16 41+ •.31 1.693 28.672 20 -2.38 46.30 1.805 30.41

250 1 1720 -4.25 39.7.3 2.228 34.322 1720 - 3. 8e 40.74 2.228 34.30

251 1 1701+ -1-t..1O 39.h9 2.206 3.3.592 1720 -3.8e. L~O .69 2.250 31~.60

252 1 1096 -3.95 39.12 2.183 32.822 1720 -4.00 40.50 2.273 34,.60

253 1 16e.e - 3.85 38.80 2.161 32.222 1720 -4.03 hO.23 2.273 3lt.46

254 1 18L~0 0.40 62.84- 0.445 17.652 40 0.39 62.49 0.445 17.66

255 1 1824 0.41 61.72 0.445 17.372 40 0.39 62.54 0.445 17.55

256 1 1816 0.41 61.31 0.423 17.372 40 0.40 62.31 0.445 17.55

257 1 1808 0.41 60.66 0.423 17.082 40 0.41 62.36 0.445 17.55

258 1 1840 -O.O? 61.68 0.891 24.292 40 -O~'09 62.12 0.891 23.21

259 1 1824 -0.08 60.99 0.869 23.44~ .. ~ : 2 40 -0.13 62.07 0.891 23.21..

260 1 1816 -g.06 60.34 0.8)-/.7 23.162 40 -0;17 62.22 0.913 23.49

261 1 1808 -o~'o4 59.69 0.836 22.692 40 -o'~ 17 62.21 0.936 23.58

Table A-2

DATA SHEET

Comb ined Tes ts(Liquid Density 1000 gil

Note: Runs 196 to 217 were made with separate tanks.Runs 218 to 291 were made with tanks interconnected.

Run Pump Pump Suction Discharge Discharge BrakeNo. No. Speed Head Head Horse

rpm psi psi cf's Power

262 1 le40 -1. Ie 58.63 1.3.37 31.272 1840 -0.88 59.76 1.337 29.60

, 263 1 1824 -1.03 57.55 i.331 30.5e2 leL~O -0.84 59.39 1.331 29.73

264 1 1816 -1.03 57.00 1.315 29.622 le40 -0. 8L~ 59.21 1.359 29.79

265 1 leoe -0:98 56.1+5 1.292 28.802 leL~O -0.84 59.15 1.359 29.79

266 1 leJ+o -2.50 54.13 1.782 35.602 1840 -2.75 55.07 1.782 3.5.82

267 1 1824 -2.26 52.79 1.771 35.312 1840 -2.16 54.89 1.782 35.5h

268 1 1824 -2.31 52.70 1.738 34.302 18ho -2.14 54.65 1.805 35.54

269 1 1816 -2.26 52.37 1.716 33.152 1840 -2.14 54.70 1.805 36.11

270 1 le16 -2.2e 52.65 1.738 34.302 1840 -2.28 54.98 1.805 36.11

271 1 1808 -2.24 52.33 1.738 13 .. 592 le40 -2.21 54.70 1.805 36.11

284 1 1560 0.36 1+4.96 0.445 12.442 1560 0.28 44.54 0.445 12.18

285 1 15J+4 0.36 4L~. 13 0.445 12.092 1.560 0.28 41+.90 0.445 12.07

286 1 1536 0.36 43.89 0.445 ,11.812 1560 0.28 44.81 0.445 12.07

287 1 1528 0.36 43.43 0.445 11.812 1560 0.28 44.67 0.445 12.07

288 1 1560 -0.17 43.81 0.891 16.662 1560 -0.29 44.16 0.891 16.28

289 1 1544 -0.11 42.92 0.846 16.102 1560 -0.37 43.84 0.936 16.28

290 1 1536 -0.10 42.69 0.'825 15.822 1560 -0.39 43.74 0.936 16.28

291 1 1528 -o.oe. 1+2.36 0.825 15. -)1.2 1560 -0.40 43.70 0.957 16.28

Table A-2