civil aviation bureau, mlit, japan air cargo security in japan soshi murakawa special assistant to...

Civil Aviation Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan

Soshi MURAKAWASoshi MURAKAWA

Special Assistant to the DirectorSpecial Assistant to the DirectorAviation Security OfficeAviation Security Office

Aviation Safety and Security Promotion DivisionAviation Safety and Security Promotion DivisionCivil Aviation BureauCivil Aviation Bureau

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

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ContentsContents

I.I. Overview of Aviation Security SystemOverview of Aviation Security System in Japanin Japan

II.II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan1.1. Regulated Agent RegimeRegulated Agent Regime2.2. ScreeningScreening3.3. Quality ControlQuality Control

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I. I. IntroductionIntroduction - Civil Aviation Activities in Japan- - Civil Aviation Activities in Japan-

North and South America

12,483

Europe5,892

（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Total number of international passengers ：51.53 million per year

(Including Hong Kong) ASEAN countries7,859

Asia and Oceania

33,155

Guam/Saipan2,369

China10,778

Korea7,534

Hawaii2,857

North and South America

12,483

Europe5,892

（Unit : 1,000, including transit passengers; Figure for fiscal 2006）

Total number of international passengers ：51.53 million per year

(Including Hong Kong) ASEAN countries7,859

Asia and Oceania

33,155

Guam/Saipan2,369

China10,778

Korea7,534

Hawaii2,857

International Passengers flow to and from Japan(Unit: Thousand)

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0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

USUK

China

Germ

any

Japa

n

Franc

e

Austra

lia

Canad

a

Singa

pore

Korea

Russia Ita

lyIn

dia

20052006

Japan: 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006 The fifth amount in the world

ICAO: Annual Report of the Council, 2006

In million ton-kilometers

I. I. IntroductionIntroduction - Civil Aviation Activities in Japan- - Civil Aviation Activities in Japan-

Air Cargo Handling Volume

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< Major Responsibilities >< Major Responsibilities >

1.1. JCABJCAB Policy, law and regulation makingPolicy, law and regulation making Coordination among relevant agenciesCoordination among relevant agencies InspectionInspection

2.2. Airport OperatorsAirport Operators Access controlAccess control Airport contingency planAirport contingency plan Airport Security CommitteeAirport Security Committee

3.3. Air Carriers Air Carriers Screening of passengers and their baggageScreening of passengers and their baggage Security Measures for air cargoSecurity Measures for air cargo Security measures for aircraftSecurity measures for aircraft

4.4. Regulated AgentRegulated Agent Security Measures for air cargoSecurity Measures for air cargo

5.5. PolicePolice Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding AreasPatrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or HijackingResponse to Matters such as Bomb Threat or Hijacking

I. I. IntroductionIntroduction - Aviation Security System in Japan - - Aviation Security System in Japan -

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Governm

ent (CA

B)

　

Security measures for aircraft

Security measures for air cargo

Security measures for passenger and baggage

Airpo

rt o

pera

torsand airport term

inal com

panies

Go

vernm

ental

age

ncie

s (po

lice,

CIQ

, etc.)Setting of security restricted areas in airports

and ensuring access controlStaff screening, etc.

Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage and hold baggage

Security controls of catering supplies and stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security control of airports

aircraft security check, etc.

Air

Ca

rriers

Instruction &Education

Instruction &Education

Regulated A

gents Security control of air cargo handling facilitiesSecurity control of air cargo, etc.

I. I. IntroductionIntroduction - Aviation Security System in Japan - - Aviation Security System in Japan -

Education of screenersEducation, training and certifications of

screeners

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Bomb explosion at Narita AirportBomb explosion at Narita Airport In In June 1985, a container of transfer June 1985, a container of transfer

hold baggage exploded at Narita hold baggage exploded at Narita Airport, killing two ground workers. It Airport, killing two ground workers. It was revealed that this container came was revealed that this container came from Vancouver and was to be taken from Vancouver and was to be taken on board aircraft operated by Air on board aircraft operated by Air India.India.

Concurrent aircraft explosion over Concurrent aircraft explosion over the North Atlanticthe North Atlantic

One hour after the incident in Japan, One hour after the incident in Japan, another aircraft operated by Air India another aircraft operated by Air India from Montreal to London (AI 182) from Montreal to London (AI 182) exploded in the air while flying over exploded in the air while flying over the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.the North Atlantic, claiming 329 lives.

I. I. IntroductionIntroduction- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -- Past Incident of Aircraft Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

Source: The Asahi PressRestricted


II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated Agent Regime1. Regulated Agent Regime

Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) RegimeICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual

Main purposeTo facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while maintaining the security of air cargo.

EnforcementOctober 1, 2005 (transition period up to March 31, 2006)April 1, 2006 (full implementation)

Number of Regulated Agents(Approved freight forwarders and air transport agents) 158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

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Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan

- Compatibility between security of air cargo and facilitation of air cargo flow

- Appropriate sorting out of secure air cargoes from other air cargoes

As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has been identified as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is allowed.

As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not yet been identified as secure), screening of those air cargoes is required to be carried out by regulated agents or air carriers before loading into aircraft.

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Known Shipper

Regulated AgentRegulated Agent

Air Carrier

Safety confirmation of air cargo before loading into aircraft

Unknown Cargo

Air Cargo Security Program

me

Safety declarationensuring cargo safety

Approval and instruction

Screening for explosive

(ETDS, etc.)

Consistent protection from known shipper to loading into aircraft

Instruction of security measure

MLITMLIT

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated Agent Regime 1. Regulated Agent Regime

OutlineGuidance and

request for cooperation

Application

Safety confirmation


RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation BureRA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil Aviation Bureau)au)– Compliance with the NCASP and security standards for air cargCompliance with the NCASP and security standards for air carg

o in their air cargo security programmes o in their air cargo security programmes – Competence to execute the air cargo security program properlyCompetence to execute the air cargo security program properly

Air Cargo Security ProgrammesAir Cargo Security Programmes – Category of the threat levelCategory of the threat level– Security measures for air cargo according to the threat level, inclSecurity measures for air cargo according to the threat level, incl

uding security control for air cargo handling facilitiesuding security control for air cargo handling facilities– Methods of confirming know shippersMethods of confirming know shippers– Specific procedures for safety confirmationSpecific procedures for safety confirmation– Education and training in aviation securityEducation and training in aviation security– Regular self-inspection concerning its security measuresRegular self-inspection concerning its security measures– Other items required Other items required


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Company A:Known shipper

Known cargo Company X:RA or Air carrier

Associatedcompanies

Subsidiary vendor

Subsidiary (Vendor)

Safety

confirm

ation

Othercompanies

Safety d

eclaration n

ote and w

ritten consent to be screened for explosives

Order

By submitting the safety declaration note for secure air cargo, all cargoes shipped by A (on the AWB) and handled by X are treated as known cargoes.

Known

cargo

AWB: Shipper

=Company A

AWB: Shipper=Company A

Effective scope of safety declaration


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Air Carriers

Known ShipperShippers identified by Air Carriers or RAs

　　Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air transportation agents)

On board aircraft

・ Safety confirmation by the package・ Process control complying with the standards

・ Safety confirmation by the package・ Process control complying with the standards

・ Refusal of acceptance ・ Opening search・ Screening with an X-ray machine, etc., or・ 24 hour detention*

Forwarders other

than RA

１

２

３

１２３５６

Unknown ShipperShippers other than known shippers

５６

５３

４２

４４

・ Refusal of acceptance・ Opening search ・ Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or・ 24 hour-detention*

Flow of Air CargoFlow of Air CargoKS

RA

* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft dedicated for air cargo transport.


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• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken on board passenger aircraft is required, unless air cargo is handled by an RA and recognized as known cargo shipped from a known shipper.

• ⇒The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is shipped from known shippers, and then take preventive measures against unauthorized tampering of the air cargo.

Opening search or screening by screening equipment (X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS) *

<Screening for Explosives>

* 24-hour detention is allowed only when the air cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft dedicated for air cargo transport.

Principle of security measures taken by an RA

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan2. Screening2. Screening

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Type of Screening equipment ETDS – Mainly used X-Ray Others

Issues • Cost of introduction• Cost of maintenance• Personnel – Training

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan2. Screening -Screening Equipment2. Screening -Screening Equipment--

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Target airport: airports managed by the national government (25 airports)

Target party: Air carriers, RAs, and cargo terminal building companies Target items:

① Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines (X-ray detection equipment, explosive trace detection systems, etc.)

② Cost of security screeners for detecting explosives③ Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal building in the airport

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan2. Screening - 2. Screening - Financial support - Financial support -

* Proportion of the support: within a half of the total cost

* 　 In the case of other kinds of airports managed by the semi-governmental airport corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu) or local governments, they also provide financial support in principle in a similar way to the national government.

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Requirements of submitting reports and reRequirements of submitting reports and receiving CAB’sceiving CAB’s inspection inspection– Instruction for improvement of air cargo securiInstruction for improvement of air cargo securi

ty programme, or cancellation of the approval ty programme, or cancellation of the approval by the CABby the CAB

TrainingTraining for security officer for security officer – National Civil Aviation Training programNational Civil Aviation Training program– Annual training program provided by CABAnnual training program provided by CAB

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan3. Quality Control3. Quality Control

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Main Items of inspectionMain Items of inspection Concrete contents of inspectionConcrete contents of inspection

1.1.Security measures for air cargoSecurity measures for air cargo 1.1. Do security measures currently implemented conform to those Do security measures currently implemented conform to those prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is prescribed by the Civil Aviation Bureau for each threat level? Is access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of access control of air cargo handling facilities, such as locking of doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security doors of the facilities, appropriately conducted? Are security measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives, measures for air cargo, such as screening for explosives, appropriately taken? etc.appropriately taken? etc.

2.2.Confirmation of known shippersConfirmation of known shippers

3.3.Specific methods of safety Specific methods of safety confirmationconfirmation

2.2. Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.Are known shippers appropriately confirmed by an RA? etc.

3.3. Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers Are cargoes from known shippers and unknown shippers appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly appropriately separated? Is safety confirmation certainly conducted corresponding to each category? etc.conducted corresponding to each category? etc.

4.4.Education and training in Education and training in aviation securityaviation security

5.5.State of implementation of self-State of implementation of self-inspectioninspection

6.6.OthersOthers

4.4. Are education and training properly performed according to the pAre education and training properly performed according to the programme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.rogramme developed by each Regulated forwarder? etc.

5.5. Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.Is internal inspection conducted at least once a year? etc.

6.6. Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed Is emergency contact network appropriately prepared, informed of, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately saof, and displayed? Are documents to be saved appropriately saved? etc.ved? etc.

Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation Bureau

Advancepreparation

・ Advance hearing on the basis of answers to inquiry form

•Recording by inspection report writing•Follow-up on the indicated points

Subsequentwork

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan3. Quality Control - Inspection -3. Quality Control - Inspection -

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Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted by CAB

Advancepreparation

・ Advance hearing on the basis of answers to inquiry form

•Recording by inspection report writing•Follow-up on the indicated points

Subsequentwork

II. II. Air Cargo Security in JapanAir Cargo Security in Japan3. Quality Control - Inspection -3. Quality Control - Inspection -

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Main Items of inspectionMain Items of inspection Concrete contents of inspectionConcrete contents of inspection

1.1.The procedure of receiving The procedure of receiving cargocargo

1.1. Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they Are IDs of drivers checked when receiving cargo? How do they distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are distinguish between known cargo and unknown cargo? Are relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept relevant documents such as confirmation note are kept appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from appropriately? Is known cargo physically separated from unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the unknown one? Do they take any measure to prevent the counterfeit of known cargo? etc.counterfeit of known cargo? etc.

2.Screening2.Screening

3.Access control 3.Access control

2.2. Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray Do they appropriately use and maintain ETDS or X-ray machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.machine? Describe the training system and record. etc.

3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo 3. Confirm the condition of a perimeter fence around the cargo area. How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter area. How do they operate gates at cargo area and the shutter of the cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors of the cargo facilities? How do they control the lock of the doors to restricted area? How do they issue and control permits to restricted area? How do they issue and control permits (personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area? (personnel, vehicle)? How do they deploy guards at cargo area? etc.etc.


International Air Transport Network is International Air Transport Network is expanding globally and International expanding globally and International

cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for cooperation on Aviation Security is vital for further development of aviation.further development of aviation.

Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.

civil aviation bureau, mlit, japan air cargo security in japan soshi murakawa special assistant to...

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