civil avi ation regulation s (cars) - bob tait's aviation ... 1 preliminary regulation 2 38...

Extracts from the

Civil Aviation Regulations (CARs)

© Civil Aviation Safety Authority - Page 2

Part 1 Preliminary

Regulation 2

36 Civil Aviation Regulations 1988

(c) under command when it is able to manoeuvre as required by

the rules contained in the provisions of Division 2 of Part 11

and in the provisions of Parts 12 and 13 or by the

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea as

set forth in Schedule 3 to the Navigation Act 1920;

(d) under way if, being in the air or on the surface of the water, it

is not aground or moored to the ground or to any fixed object

on the land or in the water.

(5) Where any rule contained in the provisions of Division 2 of Part 11

or in the provisions of Parts 12 and 13 contains a provision similar

to that of a rule contained in the Rules of the Air adopted in

pursuance of the Convention, but a distance which in the

last-mentioned rule is expressed by kilometres, metres or

centimetres (as the case may be) is in the first-mentioned rule

expressed in miles, feet or inches, an aircraft which, in respect of

that distance, complies with the last-mentioned rule shall also be

deemed to comply with the first-mentioned rule.

(6) For the purposes of these Regulations, an aircraft shall be classified

in accordance with the type of operations in which it is being

employed at any time, as follows:

(a) when an aircraft is being employed in aerial work operations,

it shall be classified as an aerial work aircraft;

(b) when an aircraft is being employed in charter operations, it

shall be classified as a charter aircraft;

(c) when an aircraft is being employed in regular public

transport operations, it shall be classified as a regular public

transport aircraft;

(d) when an aircraft is being employed in private operations, it

shall be classified as a private aircraft.

(7) For the purposes of these Regulations:

(a) an aircraft that is flying or operating for a commercial

purpose referred to in paragraph 206(1)(a) shall be taken to

be employed in aerial work operations;

(b) an aircraft that is flying or operating for a commercial

purpose referred to in paragraph 206(1)(b) shall be taken to

be employed in charter operations;

(c) an aircraft that is flying or operating for the commercial

Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00614

© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

Preliminary Part 1

Regulation 2

Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 37

purpose referred to in paragraph 206(1)(c) shall be taken to

be employed in regular public transport operations; and

(d) an aircraft that is flying or operating for the purpose of, or in

the course of:

(i) the personal transportation of the owner of the aircraft;

(ii) aerial spotting where no remuneration is received by the

pilot or the owner of the aircraft or by any person or

organisation on whose behalf the spotting is conducted;

(iii) agricultural operations on land owned and occupied by

the owner of the aircraft;

(iv) aerial photography where no remuneration is received

by the pilot or the owner of the aircraft or by any person

or organisation on whose behalf the photography is

conducted;

(v) the carriage of persons or the carriage of goods without

a charge for the carriage being made other than the

carriage, for the purposes of trade, of goods being the

property of the pilot, the owner or the hirer of the

aircraft;

(va) the carriage of persons in accordance with

subregulation (7A);

(vi) the carriage of goods otherwise than for the purposes of

trade;

(vii) conversion training for the purpose of endorsement of

an additional type or category of aircraft in a pilot

licence; or

(viii) any other activity of a kind substantially similar to any

of those specified in subparagraphs (i) to (vi)

(inclusive);

shall be taken to be employed in private operations.

(7A) An aircraft that carries persons on a flight, otherwise than in

accordance with a fixed schedule between terminals, is employed

in a private operation if:

(a) public notice of the flight has not been given by any form of

public advertisement or announcement; and

(b) the number of persons on the flight, including the operating

crew, does not exceed 6; and



Part 1 Preliminary

Regulation 2


(c) no payment is made for the services of the operating crew;

and

(d) the persons on the flight, including the operating crew, share

equally in the costs of the flight; and

(e) no payment is required for a person on the flight other than a

payment under paragraph (d).

(7B) For these Regulations, an unmanned aircraft that is operating in

accordance with Part 101 of CASR, or an approval granted by

CASA under that Part, is employed in an aerial work operation.

(8) For the purposes of these Regulations, civil air operations are

divided into the classes of operations referred to in

subregulation (7).

(9) Any reference in these Regulations to the owner of an aircraft

must, where under a contract of hire or charter agreement the

control, maintenance and operation of the aircraft is vested in the

hirer, be read as a reference to the hirer.

(10) A reference in these Regulations to height shall be read as a

reference to:

(a) the vertical distance of a level or a point, or if an object is

specified, that object considered as a point, measured from

the datum specified in connection with the reference, or

where no datum is specified, measured from the ground or

water; or

(b) the vertical dimension of an object;

as the case requires.

(11) For the purposes of these Regulations, any reference to

endorsement in a licence or other document shall be read as a

reference to endorsement on the document, and matter shall be

deemed to be endorsed on a document if it is written on any part of

the document.

(12) A provision in these Regulations that requires, prohibits or

authorises the doing by an aircraft or a person of an act or thing at

night or by night shall be read as a provision that requires,

prohibits or authorises, as the case may be, the doing by the aircraft



Maintenance that may be carried out on a Class B aircraft by a pilot entitled to do so

under subregulation 42ZC(4) Schedule 8

Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 37

Schedule 8—Maintenance that may be

carried out on a Class B aircraft by a

pilot entitled to do so under

subregulation 42ZC(4) (subregulation 42ZC(4))

1. Removal or installation of landing gear tyres, but only if the

removal or installation does not involve the complete jacking of the

aircraft.

2. Repair of pneumatic tubes of landing gear tyres.

3. Servicing of landing gear wheel bearings.

4. Replacement of defective safety wiring or split pins, but not

including wiring or pins in control systems.

5. Removal or refitting of a door, but only if:

(a) no disassembly of the primary structure or operating system

of the aircraft is involved; and

(b) if the aircraft is to be operated with the door removed—the

aircraft has a flight manual and the manual indicates that the

aircraft may be operated with the door removed.

6. Replacement of side windows in an unpressurised aircraft.

7. Replacement of seats, but only if the replacement does not involve

disassembly of any part of the primary structure of the aircraft.

8. Repairs to the upholstery or decorative furnishings of the interior

of the cabin or cockpit.

9. Replacement of seat belts or harnesses.

10. Replacement or repair of signs and markings.

11. Replacement of bulbs, reflectors, glasses, lenses or lights.

12. Replacement, cleaning, or setting gaps of, spark plugs.

13. Replacement of batteries.



Schedule 8 Maintenance that may be carried out on a Class B aircraft by a pilot entitled

to do so under subregulation 42ZC(4)


14. Changing oil filters or air filters.

15. Changing or replenishing engine oil or fuel.

16. Lubrication not requiring disassembly or requiring only the

removal of non-structural parts, or of cover plates, cowlings and

fairings.

17. Replenishment of hydraulic fluid.

18. Application of preservative or protective materials, but only if no

disassembly of the primary structure or operating system of the

aircraft is involved.

19. Removal or replacement of equipment used for agricultural

purposes.

20. Removal or replacement of glider tow hooks.

21. Carrying out of an inspection under regulation 42G of a flight

control system that has been assembled, adjusted, repaired,

modified or replaced.

22. Carrying out of a daily inspection of an aircraft.



Extracts from the

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations(CASRs)


Flight crew licensing Part 61

Preliminary Subpart 61.A

Performing flight crew duties without licence, rating or endorsement Division 61.A.3

Regulation 61.112

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 107

Division 61.A.3—Performing flight crew duties without

licence, rating or endorsement

Subdivision 61.A.3.1—Student pilots

61.112 Flying as a student pilot

(1) Subject to regulations 61.113 to 61.115, a person who does not

hold a pilot licence is authorised to pilot an aircraft if:

(a) the pilot in command of the aircraft is a flight instructor and

the flight is for the purpose of the person receiving flight

training; or

(b) the flight is for a flight test for a pilot licence, or a rating or

endorsement on a pilot licence, for the person; or

(c) the flight is:

(i) approved by, and conducted under the supervision of, a

flight instructor authorised by a Part 141 or 142 operator

to conduct the supervision; and

(ii) conducted under the VFR; and

(iii) conducted in accordance with the flight instructor‘s

approval.

(2) Subject to regulations 61.113 to 61.115, the holder of a recreational

pilot licence is authorised to pilot a recreational aircraft under the

VFR at night, or a non-recreational aircraft, if:

(a) the pilot in command of the aircraft is a flight instructor and

the flight is for the purpose of receiving flight training; or

(b) the flight is for a flight test for another pilot licence or a

rating or endorsement on a pilot licence; or

(c) the flight is:

(i) approved by, and conducted under the supervision of, a

flight instructor authorised by a Part 141 or 142 operator

to conduct the supervision; and

(ii) conducted under the VFR; and

(iii) conducted in accordance with the flight instructor‘s

approval.



Part 61 Flight crew licensing

Subpart 61.A Preliminary

Division 61.A.3 Performing flight crew duties without licence, rating or endorsement

Regulation 61.113

108 Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998

(3) For subparagraphs (1)(c)(i) and (2)(c)(i), a flight is conducted

under the supervision of a flight instructor if the instructor:

(a) provides guidance to the person in relation to the flight; and

(b) during the flight:

(i) is on board the aircraft; or

(ii) is at the aerodrome from which the flight began; or

(iii) is flying within 15 nautical miles of the aerodrome

reference point for the aerodrome from which the flight

began; and

(c) can be contacted during the flight by radio or other electronic

means.

(4) For regulations 61.405 to 61.415 (which are about medical

requirements), piloting an aircraft in accordance with

subregulation (3) does not constitute the exercise of the privileges

of a pilot licence.

Note: A person authorised to pilot an aircraft by this regulation is a student

pilot: see Part 1 of the Dictionary.

61.113 General requirements for student pilots

(1) A student pilot is authorised to conduct a solo flight in an aircraft

only if the student pilot:

(a) has an ARN; and

(b) is at least 15.

(2) A student pilot is not authorised to pilot an aircraft carrying

passengers.

(3) A student pilot is authorised to pilot an aircraft on a solo flight in

another Contracting State‘s airspace only if the student pilot has

the permission (however described) of the Contracting State.

(4) A student pilot is not authorised to pilot an aircraft other than a

registered aircraft.

61.114 Solo flights—medical requirements for student pilots

(1) Subregulation (2) applies to:






Regulation 61.114


(a) the conduct of a solo flight in an aircraft other than a

recreational aircraft; or

(b) the conduct of a solo flight in a recreational aircraft under the

VFR at night.

(2) A student pilot is authorised to conduct the flight only if:

(a) the student pilot:

(i) holds a class 1 or 2 medical certificate; and

(ii) carries the medical certificate on the flight; or

(b) the student pilot:

(i) holds a medical exemption for the flight; and

(ii) carries a copy of the exemption on the flight.

(3) Subregulation (4) applies to the conduct of a solo flight in a

recreational aircraft by day, other than by the holder of a

recreational pilot licence.

(4) A student pilot is authorised to conduct the flight only if:

(a) the student pilot:

(i) holds a class 1 or 2 medical certificate; and

(ii) carries the medical certificate on the flight; or

(b) the student pilot:

(i) holds a current recreational aviation medical

practitioner‘s certificate; and

(ii) meets the requirements mentioned in subregulation (5);

or

(c) the student pilot:

(i) holds a medical exemption for the flight; and

(ii) carries a copy of the exemption on the flight.

(5) For subparagraph (4)(b)(ii), the requirements are as follows:

(a) the student pilot must have:

(i) given CASA a copy of his or her recreational aviation

medical practitioner‘s certificate; and

(ii) received from CASA a written acknowledgement of the

receipt of the copy;

(b) the student pilot must carry both of the following on the

flight:






Regulation 61.115


(i) a copy of the certificate;

(ii) a copy of the acknowledgement mentioned in

subparagraph (a)(ii);

(c) the student pilot must comply with any limitations or

conditions stated on the certificate;

(d) the student pilot must meet the modified Austroads medical

standards.

Note: For when a person meets the modified Austroads medical standards,

see regulation 67.262.

(6) In this regulation:

current: a recreational aviation medical practitioner‘s certificate

for a student pilot is current for the shortest of the following

periods:

(a) the period beginning on the day the certificate is signed by

the medical practitioner and ending 24 months after that day;

(b) if, when the student pilot conducts a solo flight the student

pilot is at least 65—the period beginning on the day the

certificate is signed by the medical practitioner and ending 12

months after that day;

(c) if the certificate states the period for which it applies—the

period beginning on the day the certificate is signed by the

medical practitioner and ending at the end of the stated

period.

61.115 Solo flights—recent experience requirements for student

pilots

(1) A student pilot is authorised to conduct a solo flight in an aircraft

only if:

(a) the student pilot has, within the previous 14 days and in the

same type of aircraft, successfully completed a dual flight

check; and

(b) as a result of the flight, his or her solo flight time since he or

she last successfully completed a dual flight check would not

exceed 3 hours.






Regulation 61.116


(2) However, paragraph (1)(b) does not apply to the student pilot if the

student pilot is enrolled in an integrated training course.

61.116 Student pilots authorised to taxi aircraft

A student pilot is authorised to taxi an aircraft if the student pilot is

approved to taxi the aircraft by a flight instructor.

Note: See regulation 229 of CAR for an offence relating to taxiing aircraft

without being authorised to do so.

61.117 Identity checks—student pilots

(1) CASA may, by written notice given to a student pilot, require the

student pilot to provide evidence of his or her identity in

accordance with paragraph 6.57(1)(a) of the Aviation Transport

Security Regulations 2005.

(2) The student pilot commits an offence if:

(a) CASA has not told the student pilot, in writing, that he or she

has complied with the requirement; and

(b) the student pilots an aircraft.

Penalty: 50 penalty units.

(3) An offence against this regulation is an offence of strict liability.

61.118 Production of medical certificates etc. and identification—

student pilots

(1) CASA may direct a student pilot to produce any or all of the

following documents for inspection by CASA:

(a) unless the student pilot holds a medical exemption to conduct

a solo flight—the student pilot‘s medical certificate or

recreational aviation medical practitioner‘s certificate;

(b) a document that includes a photograph of the student pilot

showing the student‘s full face and his or her head and

shoulders:

(i) that was issued within the previous 10 years by the

government, or a government authority, of:

(A) the Commonwealth or a State or Territory; or






Regulation 61.119


(B) a foreign country, or a state or province

(however described) of a foreign country; and

(ii) that has not expired or been cancelled.

(2) The student pilot commits an offence if:

(a) CASA directs the student pilot to produce a document under

subregulation (1); and

(b) the student pilot does not produce the document before the

earlier of the following:

(i) when the student pilot next conducts a solo flight;

(ii) within 7 days after the direction is given.



Subdivision 61.A.3.2—Other circumstances in which flight

crew duties may be performed without licence, rating

or endorsement

61.119 Flying without licence—flight engineer duties

A person who does not hold a flight engineer licence is authorised

to perform the duties of a flight engineer in a registered aircraft

while:

(a) receiving flight training from a flight engineer instructor; or

(b) taking a flight test for a flight engineer licence or a flight

crew rating or endorsement on a flight engineer licence.

61.120 Operation of aircraft radio without licence

A person who does not hold a flight crew licence, or who holds a

recreational pilot licence but does not hold a flight radio

endorsement, is authorised to transmit on a radio frequency of a

kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation if:

(a) the transmission is made while receiving training for a flight

crew licence or flight radio endorsement; and

(b) the transmission is approved by an instructor; and

(c) the transmission is for the purpose of:






Regulation 61.125


(i) safely conducting a flight that is approved by a flight

instructor; or

(ii) receiving training in the use of an aircraft radio.

Note: A person is prohibited from transmitting on a radio frequency of a

kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation

unless the person is qualified to do so: see regulation 83 of CAR.

61.125 Conducting flight activities without rating or endorsement

(1) A person who holds a pilot licence, but does not hold a rating or

endorsement for the conduct of an activity for which a rating or

endorsement is required under this Part, is authorised to conduct

the activity if:

(a) the activity is conducted while:

(i) receiving flight training for the rating or endorsement;

or

(ii) taking a flight test for the rating or endorsement; or

(iii) meeting the aeronautical experience requirements for

the rating or endorsement; and

(b) the activity is approved by, and conducted under the

supervision of, a flight instructor.

(2) A person who holds a flight engineer licence, but does not hold a

rating or endorsement for the conduct of an activity for which a

rating or endorsement is required under this Part, is authorised to

conduct the activity if:

(a) the activity is conducted while:

(i) receiving flight training for the rating or endorsement;

or

(ii) taking a flight test for the rating or endorsement; or

(iii) meeting the aeronautical experience requirements for

the rating or endorsement; and

(b) the activity is approved by, and conducted under the

supervision of, a flight engineer instructor.




Grant of flight crew licences, ratings and endorsements Subpart 61.B

General Division 61.B.1

Regulation 61.160


(b) if the application is for a pilot licence—include an

application for an aircraft category rating.

(2A) Subregulation (2B) applies if the application is for a flight crew

licence and the applicant has not:

(a) applied to CASA for another flight crew licence in the

previous 10 years and submitted with the application a

photograph of the applicant; or

(b) given to CASA, within the previous 10 years, a photograph

of the applicant in response to a direction or request in

writing by CASA to the applicant.

(2B) The applicant must also submit to CASA a recent photograph of

the applicant, showing the applicant‘s full face and his or her head

and shoulders.

(3) If the requirements for the grant of a flight crew licence, rating or

endorsement (the second authorisation) include a requirement that

the applicant hold, or be eligible for, another flight crew licence,

rating or endorsement (the first authorisation), a person may:

(a) apply for the first and second authorisations at the same time;

or

(b) apply for the second authorisation at any time after applying

for the first authorisation, whether or not the first

authorisation has been granted before the person applies for

the second authorisation.

61.160 Grant of flight crew licences

Subject to regulation 11.055, CASA must grant a flight crew

licence to an applicant for the licence if:

(a) the application complies with regulation 61.155; and

(b) the applicant:

(i) meets the requirements mentioned in this Part for the

grant of the licence; and

(ii) for a flight crew licence other than a recreational pilot

licence—has a current aviation English language

proficiency assessment; and




Subpart 61.B Grant of flight crew licences, ratings and endorsements

Division 61.B.1 General

Regulation 61.165


(iii) for a recreational pilot licence—meets the general

English language proficiency requirements mentioned

in regulation 61.265.

Note: Despite anything in these Regulations, CASA is not to issue a flight

crew licence to an applicant unless certain requirements are met: see

regulation 6.57 of the Aviation Transport Security Regulations 2005.

61.165 Grant of flight crew ratings

Subject to regulation 11.055, CASA, or an examiner or an approval

holder within the meaning of regulation 61.150, must grant a flight

crew rating to an applicant for the rating if:


(b) for an application to an examiner or approval holder—the

examiner or approval holder may, under regulation 61.150,

grant the rating; and

(c) the applicant meets the requirements mentioned in this

Part for the grant of the rating.

61.170 Grant of flight crew endorsements

Subject to regulation 11.055, CASA, or an examiner, instructor or

an approval holder within the meaning of regulation 61.150, must

grant a flight crew endorsement to an applicant for the

endorsement if:


(b) for an application to an examiner, instructor or approval

holder—the examiner, instructor or approval holder may,

under regulation 61.150, grant the endorsement; and

(c) the applicant meets the requirements mentioned in this

Part for the grant of the endorsement.

61.175 How CASA issues flight crew licences, ratings and

endorsements

(1) Subregulation (2) applies if:

(a) CASA grants a flight crew licence to a person under

regulation 61.160; and

(b) the person does not already hold a flight crew licence.




Pilot licensing—general limitations and authorisations Subpart 61.E

General limitations on exercise of pilot licence privileges Division 61.E.1

Regulation 61.375


Subpart 61.E—Pilot licensing—general limitations

and authorisations Note: Subpart 61.E does not apply to glider pilot licences: see the definition

of pilot licence in regulation 61.010. Subpart 61.Z deals with glider

pilot licences.

Division 61.E.1—General limitations on exercise of pilot

licence privileges

61.375 Limitations on exercise of privileges of pilot licences—ratings

(1) This regulation applies to the holder of a pilot licence.

(2) The holder is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence in

an aircraft of a particular category only if the holder also holds, as

the associated aircraft category rating for the licence, the aircraft

category rating for that category of aircraft.

Note: An aircraft category rating has effect only in conjunction with the

licence for which it is granted. It does not authorise the exercise, in the

aircraft category covered by the rating, of the privileges of any other

licence held by the holder of the rating: see the definition of

associated in regulation 61.010.

(3) The holder is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence in

an aircraft, other than an aircraft mentioned in subregulation (5),

only if the holder also holds an appropriate aircraft class rating for

the aircraft.

(4) For subregulation (3), either of the following is an appropriate

aircraft class rating for an aeroplane in the single-engine aeroplane

class:

(a) the single-engine aeroplane class rating;

(b) the multi-engine aeroplane class rating.

(5) The holder is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence in:

(a) a multi-crew aircraft; or

(b) an aircraft:

(i) that is certificated for single-pilot operation; and




Subpart 61.E Pilot licensing—general limitations and authorisations

Division 61.E.1 General limitations on exercise of pilot licence privileges

Regulation 61.375


(ii) for which a single-pilot type rating is required by a

legislative instrument under regulation 61.060;

only if the holder also holds the appropriate pilot type rating for the

aircraft type.

(6) However, the holder is not required to hold the pilot type rating for

the aircraft if:

(a) the person is acting as a cruise relief co-pilot for the aircraft;

and

(b) the person holds a cruise relief co-pilot type rating for the

aircraft type.

(7) The holder is authorised to conduct an activity mentioned in

column 1 of an item in table 61.375 in the exercise of the privileges

of the licence only if the holder also holds the rating mentioned in

column 2 of the item.

(8) However:

(a) the holder of a multi-crew pilot licence with an aeroplane

category rating is authorised, without holding an instrument

rating, to pilot an aeroplane in a multi-crew operation:

(i) under the IFR; or

(ii) at night under the VFR; and

(b) the holder of an air transport pilot licence with an aeroplane


rating, to pilot an aeroplane:


(ii) at night under the VFR; and

(c) the holder of an air transport pilot licence with a powered-lift


rating, to pilot a powered-lift aircraft:


(ii) at night under the VFR.






Regulation 61.375


Table 61.375 Activities for which ratings are required

Item

Column 1

Activity

Column 2

Rating

1 An operation under the IFR, other than an

operation mentioned in item 2

Instrument rating

2 A private operation under the IFR Either:

(a) instrument rating; or

(b) private instrument rating

3 An operation at night under the VFR, other

than:

(a) an operation using a night vision

imaging system; or

(b) a night aerial application operation

below 500 ft AGL

Either:

(a) night VFR rating; or

(b) instrument rating

4 An operation at night under the VFR using

a night vision imaging system

Night vision imaging system

rating

5 A low-level operation Either:

(a) low-level rating; or

(b) aerial application rating

6 An aerial application operation below

500 ft AGL

Aerial application rating

7 An activity mentioned in

paragraph 61.1165(a), (c), (d), (e) or (f) in

an aircraft

An activity mentioned in

paragraph 61.1165(g), (h) or (i)

Flight instructor rating


paragraph 61.1190(a), (c), (d), (e) or (f) in a

flight simulation training device

An activity mentioned in

paragraph 61.1165(b), (j) or (k) or

61.1190(b), (g) or (h)

Either:

(a) flight instructor rating; or

(b) simulator instructor rating






Regulation 61.380


Table 61.375 Activities for which ratings are required

Item

Column 1

Activity

Column 2

Rating


regulation 61.1255

Flight examiner rating

61.380 Limitations on exercise of privileges of pilot licences—flight

activity and design feature endorsements

(1) The holder of a pilot licence is authorised to conduct a flight

activity mentioned in column 2 of an item in table 61.1145 only if

the holder also holds the endorsement mentioned in column 1 of

the item.

(2) The holder of a pilot licence is authorised to exercise the privileges

of the licence in an aircraft that has a design feature mentioned in

regulation 61.755 for the aircraft only if the holder also holds the

design feature endorsement for the design feature.

61.385 Limitations on exercise of privileges of pilot licences—

general competency requirement


of the licence in an aircraft only if the holder is competent in

operating the aircraft to the standards mentioned in the Part 61

Manual of Standards for the class or type to which the aircraft

belongs, including in all of the following areas:

(a) operating the aircraft‘s navigation and operating systems;

(b) conducting all normal, abnormal and emergency flight

procedures for the aircraft;

(c) applying operating limitations;

(d) weight and balance requirements;

(e) applying aircraft performance data, including take-off and

landing performance data, for the aircraft.

(1A) Subregulation (1B) applies if the holder of a pilot licence also

holds an operational rating or endorsement.






Regulation 61.390


(1B) The holder is authorised to exercise the privileges of his or her

pilot licence in an activity in an aircraft under the rating or

endorsement only if the holder is competent in operating the

aircraft in the activity to the standards mentioned in the Part 61

Manual of Standards (if any) for:

(a) the class or type to which the aircraft belongs; and

(b) the activity.


of the licence in an aircraft that has an operative airborne collision

avoidance system only if the holder is competent in the use of an

airborne collision avoidance system to the standards mentioned in

the Part 61 Manual of Standards.


operating requirements and limitations

(1) The holder of a pilot licence is not authorised to conduct an activity

in the exercise of the privileges of the licence in an aircraft if:

(a) engaging in the activity is a prescribed purpose for

subsection 27(9) of the Act; and

(b) the operator of the aircraft does not hold an AOC that

authorises the conduct of the activity.

(2) The holder of a pilot licence is not authorised to conduct an activity

in the exercise of the privileges of the licence if the conduct of the

activity would be an offence against the Act or another provision

of these Regulations.

61.395 Limitations on exercise of privileges of pilot licences—recent

experience for certain passenger flight activities

(1) The holder of a pilot licence is authorised to pilot, during take-off

or landing, an aircraft of a particular category carrying a passenger

by day only if the holder has, within the previous 90 days, in an

aircraft of that category or an approved flight simulator for the

purpose, conducted, by day or night:

(a) at least 3 take-offs; and

(b) at least 3 landings;






Regulation 61.395


while controlling the aircraft or flight simulator.

(2) The holder of a pilot licence is authorised to pilot, during take-off

or landing, an aircraft of a particular category carrying a passenger

at night only if the holder has, within the previous 90 days, in an

aircraft of that category or an approved flight simulator for the

purpose, conducted, at night:

(a) at least 3 take-offs; and

(b) at least 3 landings;

while controlling the aircraft or flight simulator.

(3) For paragraphs (1)(a) and (2)(a), each take-off must be followed by

a climb to at least 500 ft AGL.

(4) The holder is taken to meet the requirements of subregulation (1)

if:

(a) within the previous 90 days, in an aircraft of that category or

an approved flight simulator for the purpose, the holder has:

(i) successfully completed a relevant check or review; or

(ii) passed a flight test for a pilot licence or a rating on a

pilot licence;

that includes at least one take-off and at least one landing; or

(b) both:

(i) the holder is successfully participating in an operator‘s

training and checking system for an operation in an

aircraft of that category; and

(ii) the operator holds an approval under regulation 61.040

for the system for this subregulation and operations in

aircraft of that category.

(5) Also, the holder is taken to meet the requirements of

subregulation (2) if:

(a) within the previous 90 days, in an aircraft of that category or

an approved flight simulator for the purpose, the holder has:

(i) successfully completed a relevant check or review; or

(ii) passed a flight test for a pilot licence or a rating on a

pilot licence;

that includes at least one take-off, and at least one landing, at

night; or






Regulation 61.400


(b) both:

(i) the holder is successfully participating in an operator‘s

training and checking system for an operation at night in

an aircraft of that category; and

(ii) the operator holds an approval under regulation 61.040

for the system for this subregulation and operations in

aircraft of that category.


relevant check or review means any of the following:

(a) an instrument proficiency check;

(b) a night vision imaging system proficiency check;

(c) an instructor proficiency check;

(d) an operator proficiency check;

(e) a flight review.

61.400 Limitations on exercise of privileges of pilot licences—flight

review

(1) For this Part, successful completion of a flight review for a rating

on a pilot licence requires demonstration, to a person mentioned in

subregulation (2), that the holder of the rating is competent in each

unit of competency mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards

for the rating.

(2) For subregulation (1), the persons are as follows:

(a) CASA;

(b) the holder of an approval under regulation 61.040 for this

regulation;

(c) a pilot instructor who is authorised to conduct a flight review

for the rating.

(3) The flight review must be conducted in:

(a) an aircraft that can be flown under the rating; or

(b) an approved flight simulator for the flight review.






Regulation 61.405



medical requirements—recreational pilot licence holders

(1) The holder of a recreational pilot licence is authorised to exercise

the privileges of the licence only if:

(a) the holder also holds a current class 1 or 2 medical

certificate; or

(b) the holder:

(i) also holds a current recreational aviation medical


(ii) meets the requirements mentioned in subregulation (2);

or

(c) the holder also holds a medical exemption for the exercise of

the privileges of the licence.

(2) For subparagraph (1)(b)(ii), the requirements are as follows:

(a) the holder must have:

(i) given CASA a copy of the holder‘s recreational aviation

medical practitioner‘s certificate; and

(ii) received from CASA a written acknowledgement of the

receipt of the copy;

(b) while exercising the privileges of the licence in an aircraft,

the holder must carry both of the following on the aircraft:

(i) the certificate;

(ii) the acknowledgement mentioned in

subparagraph (a)(ii);

(c) the holder must comply with any limitations or conditions

stated on the certificate;

(d) the holder must meet the modified Austroads medical

standards.




current: a recreational aviation medical practitioner‘s certificate

for the holder of a recreational pilot licence is current for the

shortest of the following periods:






Regulation 61.410


(a) the period beginning on the day the certificate was signed by

the medical practitioner and ending 24 months after that day;

(b) if, when the holder exercises the privileges of the licence, the

holder is at least 65—the period beginning on the day the

certificate was signed by the medical practitioner and ending

12 months after that day;

(c) if the certificate states the period for which it applies—the

period beginning on the day the certificate was signed by the

medical practitioner and ending at the end of the stated

period.

Note: A licence holder must not exercise the privileges of his or her licence

during any period of temporary medical unfitness that could render the

holder unable to exercise those privileges safely: see

regulation 67.270.


medical certificates: private pilot licence holders

(1) The holder of a private pilot licence is authorised to exercise the

privileges of the licence only if the holder also holds:

(a) a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate; or

(b) a medical exemption for the exercise of the privileges of the

licence.

(2) However, subject to subregulation (3), the holder of a private pilot

licence is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence in a

recreational aircraft if:

(a) the holder:

(i) also holds a current recreational aviation medical


(ii) meets the requirements mentioned in

subregulation 61.405(2); and

(b) the flight is conducted by day under the VFR.

(3) Regulation 61.465 applies to the holder as if each reference in that

regulation to a recreational pilot licence included a reference to a

private pilot licence.








Regulation 61.415



regulation 67.270.


medical certificates: commercial, multi-crew and air

transport pilot licence holders

(1) The holder of a commercial pilot licence, multi-crew pilot licence

or air transport pilot licence is authorised to exercise the privileges

of the licence only if the holder also holds:

(a) a current class 1 medical certificate; or

(b) a medical exemption for the exercise of the privileges of the

licence.

(2) However, the holder of a commercial pilot licence or air transport

pilot licence is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence

in an activity that would be authorised by a private pilot licence if

the holder also holds a current class 2 medical certificate.

(3) Also, the holder of a commercial pilot licence or air transport pilot

licence is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence in an

activity that would be authorised by a recreational pilot licence if

the holder:

(a) also holds a current recreational aviation medical


(b) meets the requirements mentioned in

subregulation 61.405(2).




regulation 67.270.


carriage of documents

The holder of a pilot licence is authorised to exercise the privileges

of the licence on a flight only if the holder carries the following

documents on the flight:

(a) his or her licence document;






Regulation 61.422


(b) if the holder holds a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate—

the medical certificate;

(c) if the holder holds a recreational aviation medical

practitioner‘s certificate:

(i) the medical practitioner‘s certificate; and

(ii) the acknowledgement of receipt mentioned in

paragraph 61.405(2)(a);

(ca) if the holder holds a medical exemption for the flight—a

copy of the medical exemption;

(d) a document that includes a photograph of the holder showing

the holder‘s full face and his or her head and shoulders:

(i) that was issued within the previous 10 years by the

government, or a government authority, of:

(A) the Commonwealth or a State or Territory; or

(B) a foreign country, or a state or province

(however described) of a foreign country; and

(ii) that has not expired or been cancelled.


aviation English language proficiency

(1) The holder of a pilot licence other than a recreational pilot licence

is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence only if the

holder has a current aviation English language proficiency

assessment.

(2) Subregulation (3) applies to the holder of a pilot licence that was

granted on the basis of regulation 202.272 if the licence was

granted in recognition of a continued authorisation (within the

meaning of regulation 202.261) that was granted on or before

4 March 2008.

(3) Subregulation (1) does not apply to the holder in relation to the

exercise of the privileges of his or her licence in Australian

Territory.





General authorisations for pilot licences Division 61.E.2

Regulation 61.430


Division 61.E.2—General authorisations for pilot licences

61.430 Holders of pilot licences authorised to taxi aircraft

(1) A person is authorised to taxi an aircraft of a particular class or

type if the person holds:

(a) a pilot licence; and

(b) the category rating for the category to which aircraft of that

class or type belong; and

(c) the class rating or type rating for aircraft of that class or type.

(2) For regulations 61.405 to 61.415, taxiing an aircraft does not

constitute the exercise of the privileges of a licence.

Note: See regulation 229 of CAR for an offence relating to taxiing aircraft

without being authorised to do so.

61.435 When holders of pilot licences authorised to operate aircraft

radio

(1) A person is authorised to transmit on a radio frequency of a kind

used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation if the

person:

(a) holds a private pilot licence, commercial pilot licence,

multi-crew pilot licence or air transport pilot licence; or

(b) holds a recreational pilot licence with a flight radio

endorsement.

(3) For regulations 61.405 to 61.415, transmitting on a radio frequency

of a kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air

navigation does not constitute the exercise of the privileges of a

licence.

Note: A person is prohibited from transmitting on a radio frequency of a

kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation

unless the person is qualified to do so: see regulation 83 of CAR.




Pilot instructor ratings Subpart 61.T

Obligations of pilot instructors Division 61.T.3

Regulation 61.1225


(ii) is capable of conducting the flight safely; and

(iii) meets the requirement mentioned in subregulation (3).


(3) For subparagraph (2)(b)(iii), the requirement is that:

(a) the student has been assessed by CASA or an examiner as

meeting the general English language proficiency standard

mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards; or

(b) the student has completed an approved course of training in

English language proficiency.

(4) A flight instructor commits an offence if:

(a) the instructor approves a person (the student) to conduct a

solo flight of a kind mentioned in subregulation (5) as a

student pilot for the first time; and

(b) the instructor is not satisfied that the student:

(i) has completed the training specified by the authorising

Part 141 or 142 operator for the conduct of a solo flight

of that kind by a student pilot; and

(ii) has been assessed by the Part 141 or 142 operator as

competent to conduct the solo flight; and

(c) for a cross-country flight or night flight—the student has not

completed at least 2 hours of dual instrument time, 1 hour of

which is conducted during dual instrument flight time.


(5) For subregulation (4), the kinds of solo flight are as follows:

(a) a circuit training flight;

(b) a flight between an aerodrome and the flight training area for

the aerodrome;

(c) a cross-country flight;

(d) a night flight.

(6) An offence against subregulation (1) is an offence of strict liability.





Subpart 61.T Pilot instructor ratings

Division 61.T.3 Obligations of pilot instructors

Regulation 61.1227


authorising Part 141 or 142 operator, in relation to an instructor

approving a solo flight, means the Part 141 or 142 operator who

authorised the instructor to approve the solo flight.

61.1227 Obligations of pilot instructors—approval to operate

aircraft radio

(1) A pilot instructor commits an offence if:

(a) the instructor approves a person who does not hold a flight

crew licence, or who holds a recreational pilot licence but

does not hold a flight radio endorsement, (the student) to

transmit on a radio frequency of a kind used for the purpose

of ensuring the safety of air navigation; and

(b) the student does not meet the requirement mentioned in

subregulation (2).


(2) For paragraph (1)(b), the requirement is that:

(a) the student has been assessed by CASA or an examiner as

meeting the general English language proficiency standard

mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of Standards; or

(b) the student has completed an approved course of training in

English language proficiency.


61.1230 Obligations of pilot instructors—records of activities

conducted independently of Part 141 or 142 operator

(1) A pilot instructor commits an offence if:

(a) the instructor conducts a flight review or a session of flight

training for a flight crew endorsement, other than an

endorsement on an operational rating; and

(b) the training is not conducted on behalf of a Part 141 or 142

operator; and

(c) a record of the training is not made within 7 days after the

session.





Subpart 61.G Recreational pilot licences

Division 61.G.1 Privileges and grant of licences

Regulation 61.460


Subpart 61.G—Recreational pilot licences

Division 61.G.1—Privileges and grant of licences

61.460 Privileges of recreational pilot licences

Subject to Subpart 61.E and regulations 61.465 and 61.470, the

holder of a recreational pilot licence is authorised to pilot a

single-engine aircraft as pilot in command or co-pilot if:

(a) the aircraft is certificated for single-pilot operation; and

(b) the aircraft has a maximum certificated take-off weight of not

more than 1 500 kg; and

(c) the aircraft is not rocket-powered or turbine-powered; and

(d) the flight is conducted by day under the VFR; and

(e) either:

(i) the aircraft is engaged in a private operation; or

(ii) the holder is receiving flight training.

Note 1: Subpart 61.E sets out certain limitations that apply to all pilot licences,

and ratings and endorsements on pilot licences.

Note 2: The holder of a recreational pilot licence is also authorised to taxi an

aircraft in certain circumstances: see regulation 61.430.

Note 3: The holder of a recreational pilot licence is also authorised to transmit

on a radio frequency of a kind used for the purpose of ensuring the

safety of air navigation if the holder also holds a flight radio

endorsement: see regulation 61.435.

61.465 Limitations on exercise of privileges of recreational pilot

licences—general

(1) The holder of a recreational pilot licence is authorised to pilot an

aircraft in a Contracting State‘s airspace only if the holder has the

permission (however described) of the Contracting State to do so.


aircraft carrying more than one passenger only if the holder:

(a) also holds a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate; or

(b) is accompanied by another pilot who:




Recreational pilot licences Subpart 61.G

Privileges and grant of licences Division 61.G.1

Regulation 61.470


(i) holds a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate; and

(ii) occupies a flight control seat in the aircraft; and

(iii) is authorised to pilot the aircraft.


aircraft above 10 000 ft above mean sea level only if the holder:

(a) also holds a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate; or

(b) is accompanied by another pilot who:

(i) holds a current class 1 or 2 medical certificate; and

(ii) occupies a flight control seat in the aircraft; and

(iii) is authorised to pilot the aircraft.

61.470 Limitations on exercise of privileges of recreational pilot

licences—endorsements


aircraft outside the following areas only if the holder also holds a

recreational navigation endorsement:

(a) the area within 25 nautical miles of the departure aerodrome;

(b) a flight training area;

(c) the area that is a direct route between the departure

aerodrome and a flight training area.


aircraft in controlled airspace only if the holder also holds a

controlled airspace endorsement.


aircraft at a controlled aerodrome only if the holder also holds a

controlled aerodrome endorsement.

61.475 Requirements for grant of recreational pilot licences

(1) An applicant for a recreational pilot licence must be at least 16.

(2) Subject to regulation 61.480, the applicant must also have:

(a) passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for a

recreational pilot licence and the associated aircraft category

rating; and





Division 61.G.1 Privileges and grant of licences

Regulation 61.480


(b) completed flight training for a recreational pilot licence and

the associated aircraft category rating; and

(c) passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of

Standards for a recreational pilot licence and the associated

aircraft category rating; and

(d) completed at least 25 hours of flight time as pilot of an

aircraft of the category for which the associated aircraft

category rating is sought, including:

(i) at least 20 hours of dual flight; and

(ii) at least 5 hours of solo flight time.

Note 1: For paragraph (a), for the conduct of aeronautical knowledge

examinations, see Division 61.B.3.

Note 2: For paragraph (b), for the requirements for flight training, see

Division 61.B.2.

Note 3: For paragraph (c), for the conduct of flight tests, see Division 61.B.4.

Note 4: For paragraph (d), for the determination of a person‘s flight time and

other aeronautical experience, see Division 61.A.2.

(3) Despite paragraph 61.245(1)(a), the flight test must be conducted

in an aircraft.

(4) The applicant is taken to meet the requirements of

subregulation (2) if the applicant holds a private pilot licence,

commercial pilot licence or air transport pilot licence.

61.480 Grant of recreational pilot licences in recognition of pilot

certificates granted by certain organisations

(1) This regulation applies to an applicant for a recreational pilot

licence if:

(a) the applicant holds a pilot certificate, granted by a

recreational aviation administration organisation that

administers activities involving aircraft of a particular

category; and

(b) the certificate permits the holder to act as the pilot in

command of an aircraft of that category.

(2) For subregulation 61.475(2), the applicant is taken to have passed:

(a) the aeronautical knowledge examination; and





Privileges and grant of licences Division 61.G.1

Regulation 61.480


(b) the flight test;

for the licence and the associated aircraft category rating.

(3) The applicant is also taken to have met the requirements for the

grant of:

(a) the aircraft category rating for each category of aircraft in

which the person is permitted by the certificate to act as pilot

in command; and

(b) the aircraft class rating for each class of aircraft in which the

person is permitted by the certificate to act as pilot in

command; and

(c) the design feature endorsement for each design feature of an

aircraft in which the applicant is permitted by the certificate

to act as pilot in command.

Note: The holder of an aircraft class rating must successfully complete a

flight review for the rating to be authorised to exercise the privileges

of the rating, and is not taken to have met the flight review

requirement on the basis of being taken to have met the requirements

for the grant of the rating under subregulation (3): see

subregulation 61.745(4).





Division 61.G.2 Recreational pilot licence endorsements

Regulation 61.485


Division 61.G.2—Recreational pilot licence endorsements

61.485 Kinds of recreational pilot licence endorsements

The following are recreational pilot licence endorsements:

(a) a controlled aerodrome endorsement;

(b) a controlled airspace endorsement;

(c) a flight radio endorsement;

(d) a recreational navigation endorsement.

61.490 Privileges of recreational pilot licence endorsements

(1) Subject to Subpart 61.E, the holder of a recreational pilot licence

with a controlled aerodrome endorsement is authorised to pilot an

aircraft, as pilot in command, at a controlled aerodrome.


with a controlled airspace endorsement is authorised to pilot an

aircraft, as pilot in command, in controlled airspace.


with a flight radio endorsement is authorised to operate an aircraft

radio on the ground or in flight to transmit on a radio frequency of

a kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety of air navigation.


with a recreational navigation endorsement is authorised to pilot an

aircraft, as pilot in command, on a cross-country flight.

Note: Subpart 61.E sets out certain limitations that apply to all pilot licences,


61.495 Requirements for grant of recreational pilot licence

endorsements

(1) This regulation applies to a person other than a person who is

eligible to be granted a recreational pilot licence endorsement

under regulation 61.500.

(2) An applicant for a recreational pilot licence endorsement must:





Recreational pilot licence endorsements Division 61.G.2

Regulation 61.500


(a) have passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the

endorsement; and

(b) have completed flight training for the endorsement; and

(c) if the endorsement is a recreational navigation

endorsement—have completed, in addition to the flight time

mentioned in paragraph 61.475(2)(d):

(i) at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time; and

(ii) at least 2 hours of dual instrument time, 1 hour of which

is conducted during dual instrument flight time; and

(d) if the endorsement is a flight radio endorsement—have a

current aviation English language proficiency assessment.




Division 61.B.2.

(3) The cross-country flight time required by paragraph (2)(c) must

include a flight of at least 100 nautical miles, during which a

full-stop landing is made at each of 2 aerodromes or landing areas,

other than the one from which the flight began.

61.500 Grant of endorsement in recognition of other qualifications

(1) An applicant for a recreational pilot licence endorsement is eligible

to be granted the endorsement if the applicant:

(a) holds a recreational pilot licence; and

(b) holds another flight crew licence that authorises the exercise

of the privileges of the endorsement.

(2) An applicant for a controlled aerodrome endorsement is eligible to

be granted the endorsement if:

(a) regulation 61.480 applies to the applicant; and

(b) the applicant holds an approval from the recreational aviation

administration organisation to pilot an aircraft at a controlled

aerodrome.

(3) An applicant for a controlled airspace endorsement is eligible to be

granted the endorsement if:






Division 61.G.2 Recreational pilot licence endorsements

Regulation 61.500



administration organisation to pilot an aircraft in controlled

airspace.

(4) An applicant for a flight radio endorsement is eligible to be granted

the endorsement if:



administration organisation to operate an aircraft radio; and

(c) the applicant has a current aviation English language

proficiency assessment.

(5) An applicant for a recreational navigation endorsement is eligible

to be granted the endorsement if:


(b) the applicant holds a cross-country navigation approval from

the recreational aviation administration organisation; and

(c) the applicant has completed the following flight time that

complies with subregulation 61.495(3):

(i) at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time;

(ii) at least 2 hours of dual instrument time, 1 hour of which

is conducted during dual instrument flight time.




Private pilot licences Subpart 61.H

General Division 61.H.1

Regulation 61.505


Subpart 61.H—Private pilot licences

Division 61.H.1—General

61.505 Privileges of private pilot licences

Subject to Subpart 61.E and regulation 61.510, the holder of a

private pilot licence is authorised to pilot an aircraft as pilot in

command or co-pilot if:

(a) the aircraft is engaged in a private operation; or

(b) the holder is receiving flight training.

Note 1: Subpart 61.E sets out certain limitations that apply to all pilot licences,


Note 2: The holder of a private pilot licence is also authorised to taxi an

aircraft in certain circumstances: see regulation 61.430.

Note 3: The holder of a private pilot licence is also authorised to transmit on a

radio frequency of a kind used for the purpose of ensuring the safety

of air navigation: see regulation 61.435.

61.510 Limitations on exercise of privileges of private pilot

licences—multi-crew operations

(1) On and after 1 September 2015, the holder of a private pilot licence

is authorised to exercise the privileges of the licence in a

multi-crew operation only if the holder has completed an approved

course of training in multi-crew cooperation.

(2) The holder of a private pilot licence that was granted on the basis

of regulation 202.272 is taken to meet the requirement mentioned

in subregulation (1) if, before 1 September 2015, the holder

conducted a multi-crew operation.

61.515 Requirements for grant of private pilot licences—general

(1) An applicant for a private pilot licence must be at least 17.

(2) The applicant must also have:




Subpart 61.H Private pilot licences

Division 61.H.1 General

Regulation 61.515


(a) passed the aeronautical knowledge examination for the

private pilot licence and the associated aircraft category

rating; and

(b) completed flight training for the private pilot licence and the

associated aircraft category rating; and

(c) passed the flight test mentioned in the Part 61 Manual of

Standards for the private pilot licence and the associated

aircraft category rating; and

(d) met the aeronautical experience requirements mentioned in

Division 61.H.2 or 61.H.3.




Division 61.B.2.

Note 3: For paragraph (c), for the conduct of flight tests, see Division 61.B.4.

Note 4: For paragraph (d), for the determination of a person‘s flight time and

other aeronautical experience, see Division 61.A.2.

(3) Despite paragraph 61.245(1)(a), the flight test must be conducted

in an aircraft.

(4) An applicant who meets the requirements for the grant of a

commercial pilot licence is taken to meet the requirements for the

grant of a private pilot licence.




Private pilot licences Subpart 61.H

Aeronautical experience requirements for private pilot licences—applicants who have

completed integrated training courses Division 61.H.2

Regulation 61.520


Division 61.H.2—Aeronautical experience requirements

for private pilot licences—applicants who have

completed integrated training courses

61.520 Application of Division 61.H.2

This Division applies to an applicant for a private pilot licence who

has completed an integrated training course for the licence and the

associated aircraft category rating.

61.525 Aeronautical experience requirements for grant of private

pilot licences—aeroplane category

(1) An applicant for a private pilot licence with the aeroplane category

rating must have at least 35 hours of aeronautical experience that

includes:

(a) at least 30 hours of flight time as a pilot; and

(b) at least 20 hours of flight time as pilot of an aeroplane; and

(c) at least 10 hours of solo flight time in an aeroplane; and

(d) at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time in an

aeroplane; and

(e) at least 2 hours of dual instrument time; and

(f) at least one hour of dual instrument flight time in an

aeroplane.

(2) Any of the required aeronautical experience that is not completed

as flight time as a pilot must be completed as simulated flight time

in an approved flight simulation training device for the purpose.

(3) The cross-country flight time required by paragraph (1)(d) must

include a flight of at least 150 nautical miles during which a

full-stop landing is made at each of 2 aerodromes not within the

flight training area for the aerodrome from which the flight began.

(4) The flight time in an aeroplane required by subregulation (1) must

be completed in a registered or recognised aeroplane.



Part 67 Medical

Subpart 67.C Medical certificates

Regulation 67.205


Example 4: A person who held a medical certificate that expired on 1 January

2003 has an examination for a new certificate on 1 March 2003. The

appropriate day for the new certificate is 1 March 2003.

(2) A medical certificate comes into force:

(a) if the holder has undergone any relevant examinations

required for the purpose of the issue of the certificate and

complies with the relevant medical standard in all respects—

on the certificate‘s appropriate day; or

(b) in any other case—on the day when the certificate is issued.

(3) Subject to subregulation (6) and regulations 67.215 and 67.220, a

medical certificate issued by CASA to a person who has undergone

any relevant examinations required for the purpose of the issue of

the certificate remains in force for the period set out in the

certificate, being a period of not more than:

(a) in the case of a class 1 medical certificate—1 year after the

day when the certificate comes into force; and

(b) in the case of a class 2 medical certificate:

(i) if the person is less than 40 years old when the

certificate is issued to him or her—4 years after the day

when the certificate comes into force; or

(ii) if the person is 40 years old or older when the certificate

is issued to him or her—2 years after the day when the

certificate comes into force; and

(c) in the case of a class 3 medical certificate—2 years after the

day when the certificate comes into force.

(4) Subject to subregulation (6) and regulations 67.215 and 67.220, a

medical certificate issued by CASA to a person who has not been

required to undergo any relevant examinations for the purpose of

the issue of the certificate remains in force for the period (which

must not be longer than 2 months) set out in the certificate.

(5) Subject to subregulation (6), a medical certificate issued by a

DAME remains in force for the period (which must not be longer

than 2 months) set out in the certificate.

(6) If a new medical certificate is issued to a person who holds a

current medical certificate, and the new certificate comes into force

before the current certificate is due to expire, the current certificate



Medical Part 67

Medical certificates Subpart 67.C

Regulation 67.235


(4) For paragraph (1)(e), the persons, organisations, bodies and

authorities are as follows:

(a) a medical practitioner, specialist psychiatrist, clinical

psychologist, audiologist, optometrist, orthoptist, orthotist,

occupational therapist, specialist prosthetist or similar

practitioner who has examined or treated the holder;

(b) any other person or organisation (including a hospital) that

has made a physical, psychological or psychiatric

examination of the holder;

(c) any other person or organisation (including a hospital) that

has treated the holder for a medically significant condition;

(d) an employer (including a former employer) of the holder;

(e) any other person, organisation, body or authority (including a

police force or police service and, subject to Part VIIC of the

Crimes Act 1914, a court) that holds information relevant to

deciding whether the person‘s holding the certificate may

adversely affect the safety of air navigation.

67.235 Suspension of medical certificates—pregnancy

(1) A medical certificate held by a pregnant woman who holds, or is

an applicant for, a licence is taken to be suspended:

(a) during the period beginning immediately after the end of the

30th week of gestation and ending when a DAME certifies

that she is fully recovered following delivery or the

termination of the pregnancy; or

(b) if in a particular case CASA directs in writing that a different

period should apply—during the period so directed by

CASA; or

(c) if, before the start of the period mentioned in paragraph (a),

the pregnancy ends in miscarriage or premature labour, or is

terminated by medical intervention—from the time of the

miscarriage, premature labour or intervention until a DAME

certifies that the woman is fully recovered.

Note: This regulation does not preclude a pilot who is pregnant from

undertaking or receiving instruction in a flight simulator at any stage

of the pilot‘s pregnancy.



Medical Part 67

Responsibilities of holders of medical certificates and recreational aviation medical

practitioner‘s certificates Subpart 67.E

Regulation 67.265


Subpart 67.E—Responsibilities of holders of

medical certificates and recreational

aviation medical practitioner’s certificates

67.265 Obligation to tell CASA of changes in medical condition—

medical certificate holders

(1) This regulation applies in relation to the following licences:

(a) a flight crew licence;

(b) a balloon flight crew licence within the meaning of

subregulation 5.01(1) of CAR;

(c) an air traffic controller licence.

(2) In this regulation, a reference to a DAME includes, in relation to a

medically significant condition that affects a person‘s vision, a

DAO.

(3) If:

(a) the holder of a class 1 medical certificate and a licence:

(i) knows that he or she has a medically significant

condition; and

(ii) is reckless as to whether the condition has been

disclosed to CASA; and

(b) the condition continues for longer than 7 days; and

(c) the condition has the result that his or her ability to do an act

authorised by the licence is impaired;

he or she must tell CASA or a DAME about the condition as soon

as practicable after the end of the 7 days.


(4) If:

(a) the holder of a class 2 or class 3 medical certificate and a

licence:

(i) knows that he or she has a medically significant

condition; and



Part 67 Medical

Subpart 67.E Responsibilities of holders of medical certificates and recreational

aviation medical practitioner‘s certificates

Regulation 67.270


(ii) is reckless as to whether the condition has been

disclosed to CASA; and

(b) the condition continues for longer than 30 days; and



he or she must tell CASA or a DAME about the condition as soon

as practicable after the end of the 30 days.


(5) If the holder of a medical certificate and a licence:

(a) knows that he or she has a medically significant condition;

and

(b) is reckless as to whether the condition has been disclosed to

CASA; and



he or she must not do the act until a DAME certifies that the holder

can safely do such acts.


Note: If the holder of a medical certificate tells a DAME about a medically

significant condition, and the condition is safety-relevant, the DAME

must tell CASA in writing of that fact within 5 working days—see

regulation 67.125.

(6) It is a defence to a prosecution under subregulation (5) that, in the

circumstances, the relevant act was a reasonable measure to save

life (including the holder‘s own life) or avoid damage to property.

67.270 Offence—doing act while efficiency impaired—licence

holders

(1) This regulation applies in relation to the following licences:

(a) a flight crew licence;

(b) a balloon flight crew licence within the meaning of

subregulation 5.01(1) of CAR;

(c) an air traffic controller licence.

(2) The holder commits an offence if:



Medical Part 67



Regulation 67.270


(a) the holder does an act authorised by the licence; and

(b) at the time of doing the act:

(i) the holder knows that he or she has a medically

significant condition; and

(ii) the condition has the result that the holder‘s ability to do

the act is impaired.


Class 1 medical certificates



(b) the holder knows that he or she has had a condition

mentioned in paragraph (2)(b); and

(c) the holder‘s normal ability to do the act is not fully restored

within 7 days after the holder first becomes aware that he or

she had the condition; and

(d) the holder is authorised to do the act only if the holder also

holds a class 1 medical certificate; and

(e) the holder has not been given a certificate by a DAME to the

effect that the holder‘s normal ability to do the act is no

longer impaired.


Class 2 and 3 medical certificates









holds a class 1, 2 or 3 medical certificate; and



Part 67 Medical



Regulation 67.270


(e) the holder has not been given a certificate by a DAME to the


longer impaired.


Recreational aviation medical practitioner’s certificates









holds a class 1, 2 or 3 medical certificate or a recreational

aviation medical practitioner‘s certificate; and

(e) the holder does not meet the requirement in

subregulation (6).


(6) For paragraph (5)(e), the requirement is that:

(a) the holder has been given a certificate by a DAME to the


longer impaired; or

(b) if the holder held a recreational aviation medical

practitioner‘s certificate at the time the holder had the

condition—the holder is:

(i) assessed by a medical practitioner as meeting the

modified Austroads medical standards after having the

condition; and

(ii) given a certificate by the medical practitioner to that

effect.





Medical Part 67



Regulation 67.271


67.271 Offence—doing act while efficiency impaired—student pilots

(1) A student pilot commits an offence if:

(a) the student pilot conducts a solo flight or takes a flight test;

and

(b) at the time of the solo flight or flight test:

(i) the student pilot knows that he or she has a medically

significant condition; and

(ii) the condition has the result that the student pilot‘s

ability to conduct the solo flight or take the flight test is

impaired.


(2) A student pilot commits an offence if:

(a) the student pilot conducts a solo flight or undertakes a flight

test; and

(b) the student pilot knows that he or she has had a condition


(c) the student pilot‘s normal ability to conduct the solo flight or

undertake the flight test is not fully restored within 30 days

after the student pilot first becomes aware that he or she had

the condition; and

(d) the student pilot does not meet the requirement in

subregulation (3).


(3) For paragraph (2)(d), the requirement is that:

(a) the student pilot has been given a certificate by a DAME to

the effect that the student pilot‘s ability to conduct a solo

flight or undertake a flight test is no longer impaired; or

(b) if the student pilot held a recreational aviation medical

practitioner‘s certificate at the time the student had the

condition—the student pilot is:

(i) assessed by a medical practitioner as meeting the

modified Austroads medical standards after having the

condition; and



Part 67 Medical



Regulation 67.275


(ii) given a certificate by the medical practitioner to that

effect.



67.275 Surrender of medical certificates

(1) CASA may require, by written notice, the holder of a medical

certificate to surrender the certificate to CASA within a reasonable

time specified in the notice.

(2) The person must comply with the requirement.


(3) A person who contravenes subregulation (2) is guilty of an offence

in respect of each day during which the person refuses or fails to

comply with the requirement, including the day of any conviction

for such an offence.

(4) The person must not destroy, mutilate or deface the certificate with

intent to evade the obligation to comply with the requirement.




Extracts from the

Civil Aviation Orders (CAOs)


of 6 pages

Civil Aviation Amendment Order(No. R25) 2004

I, WILLIAM BRUCE BYRON, Director of Aviation Safety, on behalf of CASA, issue the following Civil Aviation Order under subregulation 150 (2) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988.

[Signed Bruce Byron]

Bruce ByronDirector of Aviation Safety and Chief Executive Officer

2 December 2004

__________________

1 Name of Order

This Order is the Civil Aviation Amendment Order (No. R25) 2004.

2 Commencement

This Order commences on gazettal.

3 Replacement of section 29.5 of the Civil Aviation Orders

Section 29.5 of the Civil Aviation Orders is omitted and a new section substituted as set out in Schedule 1.

Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2005B00836


of 6 pages

Schedule 1 Substitution of section 29.5 of the Civil Aviation Orders

SECTION 29.5

AIR SERVICE OPERATIONS — MISCELLANEOUS DROPPING OF ARTICLES FROM AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT

1 APPLICATION

This section applies to all Australian aircraft except those aircraft engaged in agricultural operations or agricultural training operations.

2 DIRECTIONS RELATING TO DROPPING OF ARTICLES

2.1 This subsection deals with directions for the purposes of paragraph 150 (2) (a) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988.

2.2 In respect of dropping for the purposes of cloud seeding or search and rescue operations, the directions set out in subsections 4 and 5 apply.

2.3 In respect of dropping for the purposes of search and rescue training operations, the directions set out in subsections 3, 4 and 5 apply.

2.3.1 In respect of the release of liquid fuel, the directions set out in subsection 8 apply.

2.4 In respect of dropping for purposes other than those mentioned in paragraphs 2.2, 2.3 and 2.3.1, the directions set out in subsections 3, 4, 5 and 7 apply.

Note 1: The directions specified in this Order do not confer any rights as against the owner of any land over which the operations may be conducted, or prejudice in any way the rights and remedies which any person may have in common law in respect of any injury to persons or damage to property caused directly or indirectly during the operations.

3 DROPPING SITE

Dropping shall not be carried out within a control zone, within an aircraft lane of entry, or within 5 miles of a Government or licensed aerodrome, without the approval of CASA.

4 DROPPING REQUIREMENTS

4.1 The articles or substances shall be carried inside the aircraft or in a manner specified in the flight manual or otherwise approved by CASA.



of 6 pages

4.2 The opening through which the articles or substances are dropped shall be located so that the articles or substances, on release, will not damage or affect the operation of any part of the aircraft.

4.3 The size to weight ratio of individual articles shall be such that they will drop readily away from the aircraft.

4.4 For articles other than leaflets or substances not in the form of liquid, powder or fine grains, the dropping site shall be of such dimensions that there is no risk of the articles or substances falling outside the site.

4.5 Articles, other than leaflets or substances not in the form of liquids, powder or fine grains, shall not be dropped on a site unless it is clear of persons and stock.

4.6 The size of the leaflets and the number dropped at any one time shall be limited to an extent which will ensure that injury is not caused to persons on the ground if the leaflets fail to separate while dropping.

4.7 The dropping of articles or substances shall be controlled by a person other than the pilot in command (hereinafter referred to as the despatcher), unless the dropping can be carried out by the pilot in command from his normal crew station and without affecting his ability to control the aircraft normally.

4.8 Effective communication shall be maintained between the pilot in command and the despatcher during the dropping operation and the articles or substances shall be dropped only with the consent of the pilot in command.

Note: In this Order, dropping operation means that part of the flight during which the aircraft is on the final approach path to the dropping site or target, and during which only minor changes of heading, airspeed and altitude are made.

4.9 The pilot in command shall ensure that movement of articles or substances during flight preparatory to dropping, during the dropping and after the dropping will not result in any change in aircraft trim that could cause an unsafe condition or cause the aircraft’s centre of gravity to move outside permissible limits.

4.10 The operator shall ensure that the despatcher is properly instructed in his duties.

4.11 The pilot in command shall possess the qualifications set out in theAppendix.

5 CARRIAGE OF ARTICLES AND PERSONS

5.1 The carriage of articles or substances prior to dropping shall be in accordance with section 20.16.2.



of 6 pages

5.2 Except with the permission of CASA, no person other than the persons having duties relating to the operation shall be carried in an aircraft engaged in operations during which dropping is carried out.

5.3 During dropping operations, each person on board except despatchers shall occupy a separate seat equipped with an approved safety belt or harness which shall be worn adjusted to ensure adequate restraint.

5.4 Where the dropping aperture is large enough for a person to fit through, all occupants except despatchers shall remain seated whenever the aperture is open.

5.5 A despatcher need not be provided with a seat but a position where he may sit shall be provided and equipped with an approved safety belt or harness.

5.5.1 A despatcher shall remain seated and wear a safety belt or harness adjusted to ensure adequate restraint:(a) during take-off and landing; and(b) during an instrument approach.

5.5.2 Except during dropping operations a despatcher shall remain seated and wear a safety belt or harness adjusted to ensure adequate restraint:(a) in turbulent conditions; and(b) when the aircraft is flying at a height of less than 100 feet above the

terrain.

5.6 A despatcher shall wear approved restraint equipment during dropping operations and this equipment may permit him to move to but not through the dropping aperture.

6 LOW FLYING PERMIT

6.1 Subject to subsection 7 and pursuant to paragraph 157 (4) (b) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988, CASA grants a general permit:(a) to each owner and operator of an aeroplane that is engaged in

private, or aerial work, operations that require low flying (being dropping operations associated with search and rescue training) to fly at a height not lower than 100 feet during such operations; and

(b) to each owner and operator of an aircraft (other than an aeroplane) that is engaged in private, or aerial work, operations, being:

(i) dropping operations associated with search and rescue training; or

(ii) other dropping operations or practice for such operations;to fly at a height lower than 500 feet during such operations over any area that is not a populous area.



of 6 pages

7 OPERATING CONDITIONS

7.1 Unless a flight at a lower height is essential to the efficient conduct of a dropping operation and such an operation is occasioned by an emergency:(a) an aeroplane shall not fly over any populous area at a height lower

than 1500 feet above the terrain; and(b) an aircraft other than an aeroplane shall not fly over any populous

area at a height lower than 1000 above the terrain.

7.2 Except with the permission of CASA, dropping operations shall be conducted by day only, in accordance with visual flight rules, and in continuous sight of the ground or water.

8 DIRECTIONS RELATING TO THE RELEASE OF LIQUID FUEL

8.1 If paragraph 150 (2) (d) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 does not apply, a pilot in command may only release fuel in accordance with the Air Navigation (Fuel Spillage) Regulations 1999.



of 6 pages

APPENDIX I

PILOT QUALIFICATIONS

Nature of operation Minimum qualifications required

Water dropping by aeroplanes engaged in fire fighting operations

Commercial pilot licence and relevant experience acceptable to CASA.

Water dropping by helicopters engaged in fire fighting operations

(1) 50 hours pilot in command of helicopters; and

(2) Agricultural pilot (helicopter) rating;

orcompletion of training specified in CAO 29.10 Appendix I paragraph 1 and certification in accordance with CAO 29.10 Appendix II paragraph 1.

Dropping of incendiaries to initiate controlled burning

(1) Commercial pilot licence and 250 hours pilot in command of aeroplanes or helicopters, as appropriate; and

(2) Agricultural pilot (aeroplane) rating or agricultural pilot (helicopter) rating as appropriate

orcompletion of training specified in CAO 29.10 Appendix I paragraph 1 and certification in accordance with CAO 29.10 Appendix II paragraph 1.

Other operations Private pilot licence which is not subject to any conditions that restricts the holder to flying within a specified distance from an aerodrome.



Extracts from the

Aeronautical Information Publication

(AIP)


AIP Australia 30 MAY 13 ENR 1.4 - 1

ENR 1.4 ATS AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

1. CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

1.1 General

1.1.1 Controlled airspace is defined as "airspace of defined dimensionswithin which air traffic control services are provided to IFR flightsand to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification".

1.1.2 Controlled airspace is a generic term which, in Australia, coversATS airspace classes A, C, D and E.

1.1.3 Controlled airspace is established generally on the basis of trafficdensity and substantial RPT turbo-jet operations and consider¬ations of flight procedures. Such airspace does not necessarilycover routes to alternate aerodromes.

1.1.4 Controlled airspace within the Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs isgenerally established as follows:

Class of Airspace Application

Class A • within radar coverage - lower limit aboveFL180 and upper limit FL600;

• outside radar coverage - lower limit FL245and upper limit FL600; and |

• an area extending from 90NM south ofMelbourne to Launceston and Flobart, lowerlimit FL180 and upper limit FL600.

D|

Class C • within radar coverage south of Sydney, lowerlimit FL125 and upper limit FL180 underClass A airspace;

• in the control area steps associated withcontrolled aerodromes, excluding controlarea steps classified as Class D airspace;and |

• in control zones of defined dimensions.D|

Class D Control zones of defined dimensions, and asso¬ciated control area steps, upper limit 4,500FT.


ENR 1.4 - 2 30 MAY 13 AIP Australia

Class of Airspace(Cont.)

Application

Class E • within radar coverage:- south of Sydney, lower limit 8,500FT and

upper limit FL125 under Class Cairspace;

- north of Sydney, lower limit 8,500FT andupper limit FL180 under Class Aairspace;

• in the vicinity of Williamtown/Newcastle: co¬incident with the lateral limits of R578A-Eabove A045 - when R578 is not active;

• outside radar coverage within continentalAustralia, lower limit FL180 and upper limitFL245 under Class A airspace;

• an area extending from 90NM south ofMelbourne to Launceston and Hobart, lowerlimit FL125 and upper limit FL180 underClass A airspace; and

• in two corridors: Sydney to Dubbo, lowerlimit FL125 and upper limit FL180; andMelbourne to Mildura, lower limit FL125 andupper limit FL180, under en route Class Eairspace.

1.1.5 Operations in control areas and control zones must be conductedinaccordancewith the publishedproceduresand requirementsforthat specific airspace and air traffic clearances. Special proced¬ures may also bespecified for an aerodrome within a control zone.

1.1.6 The extent of controlled airspace is promulgated in AirservicesAeronautical Charts, NOTAM, AIP Supplements (SUPs), and theDesignated Airspace Handbook (DAH).

1.1.7 When ATSairspacesadjoinvertically (oneabovetheother),flightsat the common levelmust comply with the requirementsof, andwillbe given services applicable to, the less restrictive class of air¬space. In applying these criteria, Class C airspace is consideredless restrictive than Class A airspace; Class D airspace is con¬sidered less restrictive than Class C airspace, etc.Note: Super, Heavy or Medium Wake Turbulence category air¬craftmaybeoperatingat the baseandnear the boundariesofcon¬trolledairspace. Aircraft operating inClass Gairspaceinthe vicin-


AIP Australia 21 AUG 14 ENR 1.4 - 7

2.3.3 ATC applies separation minima basedon aflight's notified naviga¬tion specification. Therefore, pilots must notify ATC when operat¬ing with reduced navigation performance. The following apply:

a. Operating With One Area Navigation System. The pilotmust notifyATC whenever the aircraft isoperating with a singlearea navigation system and continue as cleared by ATC.

b. Aircraft Not Navigating to the Notified PBN approval. Thepilot must notify ATC that the aircraft can no longer navigate tothe notified PBN approval.

c. Loss of All Aircraft Area Navigation Systems. The pilotshould follow the contingency procedures published in ICAORegional Supplementary Procedures (Doc 7030).

D |3. CLASS G AIRSPACE

3.1 Flight Information Areas

3.1.1 Non-controlledairspace inthe Brisbane FIR and Melbourne FIR isclassified as Class G airspace.

3.1.2 North of 65° South, Class G airspace is divided into designatedFlight Information Areas (FIAs) within which a Flight InformationService (FIS) and SAR alerting services are provided by an ATSunit.

3.1.3 On and north of 65° South, in Class G airspace, IFR and VFRflights are permitted. IFR flights receive traffic information and aflight information service. VFR flights receive a flight informationservice and may receive a surveillance information service if re¬quested (ATC workload permitting).

3.1.4 South of 65° South, in Class G airspace, IFR and VFR flights arepermitted and all flights receive a flight information service on re¬quest.

D |3.2 Broadcast Areas

3.2.1 Broadcast Areas are defined airspace volumes in Class Gairspace for which a discrete frequency (CTAF) has beenallocated. All operations, including those at aerodromes (chartedand uncharted) and landing sites within this area shall use thisCTAF as the broadcast frequency. The default vertical limit of aBroadcast Area is 5,000FT AMSL.


ENR 1.4 - 8 21 AUG 14 AIP Australia

Note: The conditions described at paras 3.1.2and 3.1.3 apply.

3.2.2 The vertical boundaries of a Broadcast Area area:a. Surface to 5,000FT AMSL; orb. Surface to the base of CTA if 8,500FT or less; orc. Surface to a nominated level.

3.2.3 The lateral and vertical boundaries are defined in AIP MAP.

4. CLASSES OF AIRSPACE-SERVICES AND REQUIREMENTS

Thefollowing table summarises the services and requirementsforthe various classes of airspace used in Australian FIRs.

Class TypeofFlight

SeparationProvided

ServiceProvided

SpeedLimitation

Radio COMRQMNTS

SUBJATCCLR

AIFR All aircraft ATC service N/A Continuous

two-wayYes

VFR not permitted

IFR IFR from IFR,IFR from VFRIFR fromSpecial VFR

ATC service 250KT below10.000FTAMSL, ex¬cept wherespecified inERSA, DAPor varied byATC (Note 2)

Continuoustwo-way

Yes

CVFR VFR from IFR 1. ATC service

for separationfrom IFR2. VFR/VFRtraffic INFO (andtraffic avoidanceadvice on re¬quest).

250KT IASbelow10.000FTAMSL.

Continuoustwo-way

Yes

Spe¬cialVFR

Special VFRfrom SpecialVFR, whenVIS does notmeet VMC

ATC service Continuoustwo-way

Yes

IFR IFR from IFRIFR fromSpecial VFR

ATC service,traffic informationabout VFRflights.

200KT IAS ator below2.500FT AALwithin 4 NMof the primaryClass D aero¬drome (Note3)

Continuoustwo-way

Yes

VFR Nil ATC service,traffic INFO onall other flights.

Continuoustwo-way

Yes

D Spe¬cialVFR

Special VFRfrom SpecialVFR when visi¬bility is lessthan VMC

ATC service250KT IAS -in the remain¬ing Class Dairspace

Continuoustwo-way

Yes



Class TypeofFlight

SeparationProvided

ServiceProvided

SpeedLimitation

Radio COMRQMNTS

SUBJATCCLR

IFR IFR from IFR ATC service andtraffic info onVFR flights as faras is practicable

250KT IASbelow10,000FTAMSL.

Continuoustwo-way

Yes

E VFR Nil FISSIS - flight fol¬lowing O/R, (ATCworkload permit)


Continuoustwo-way

No

IFR Nil FIS 250KT IASbelow10,000FTAMSL.

Continuoustwo-way

No

GOn &Northof 65°South

VFR Nil FISSIS - flight fol¬lowing O/R, (ATCworkload permit)


VHF radiorequired forOPS above5,000FTAMSL andat aero¬dromeswhere car¬riage anduse of radiois required.

No


VHF radiorequired forOPS in re¬ducedVMC.

No

GSouth

IFR Nil FIS O/R 250KT IASbelow10,000FTAMSL.

Continuoustwo-way

No

of 65°South

VFR Nil FIS O/R 250KT IASbelow10,000FTAMSL.

Nil No

Note 1: Speed limitations are not applicable to military aircraft, except mil¬itary IFR in Class C airspace at particular locations specified in ERSA.Note 2: ATC may approve speeds in excess of the limits specified forClass C airspace in the table above for air traffic management or at pilotrequest.Note 3: If traffic conditions permit, ATC may approve a pilot's request toexceed the 200 KT speed limit to a maximum limit of 250 KT unless thepilot informs ATC a higher minimum speed is required.

Note: VMC minima are detailed at ENR 1.2, Section 2.



5.3.6 PRD areas may be activated or deactivated at short notice. Ac¬cessto a Restricted area may beavailable if the activity for which ithas been activated has ceased (early deactivation). It is a pilot re¬sponsibility to check current status with ATS.

6. LANES OF ENTRY

6.1 Lanes of entry are established to permit passage to and from spe¬cified Class D CTR without enteringanadjacent Class C or militaryCTR. The vertical limits provide separation from overlying controlor restricted areas.

6.1.1 When using these lanes, pilots must:a. operate under the VFR;b. conform with the general flight rules regarding terrain clear¬

ance, flight over populousareas, and low level restricted areas;c. operate not higher than the altitude specified as the upper limit

in the section being flown; andd. keep to the right.

7. FLYING TRAINING AREAS IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

7.1 ATC may approve flying training activities within controlled air¬space. Approval may be granted on a short-term hour-to-hourbasis or, insome cases, on a more regular basis.The approval willbe in the form of an airways clearance. ATC services will beprovided in accordance with the classification of the airspace.

7.2 ATC will route IFR traffic clear of the areas except that, when train¬ingaircraft have been requiredto maintaina listeningwatch on theappropriate ATC frequency, ATC may reserve a level for transit ofIFR traffic which provides vertical separation from non-controlledtraining movements.

8. AIR DISPLAY

An RPT or CHTR flight is not permitted to participate in an air dis¬playor carry out any low level operations at anaerodrome at whichan air display is in progress exceptfor a normal take-off or landing.

9. WAKE TURBULENCE SEPARATION STANDARDS

9.1 Categories

9.1.1 For the purpose of wake turbulence separation, aircraft are di¬vided into the following weight categories:


�� !"#$%&'()*+),!(),&-.('/)0#'12%(#)%3$!/24+&),+,5#-#,5#,'6.77.,8#)*'"9.:#(,7#,'&')'%'.(1);#,<1�!"#2%(#)%+&7),);#5=1)6.77+&&+.,),5+&#,'+(#*1&#-)()'#0(.7'(),&-.('(#;%*)'.(&>-.*+<17)?#(&),5&#(:+<#-(.:+5#(&�!"#$!/2+&#&@')=*+&"#5=1'"#ABCDEFGBHICJKHLMDNKEHOPCHOGDQRHSTTU3!/V$<'4),5<.,5%<'&+'&+,:#&'+;)'+.,&+,)<<.(5),<#8+'"'"#-(.:+&+.,&.0'"#$<'�!"#!/V$<'-(.:+5#&;%+5),<#0.('"#+,:#&'+;)'+.,.0)**<+:+*):+)'+.,.<<%((#,<#&8+'"+,$%&'()*+),!#((+'.(1),50.()**.<@<%((#,<#&+,:.*:+,;<+:+*(#;+&'#(#5$%&'()*+),)+(<()0'.%'&+5#$%&@'()*+),!#((+'.(1��W !"#0%,5)7#,')*.=X#<'+:#.0)+(&)0#'1+,:#&'+;)'+.,&+&'"#-(#@:#,'+.,.0)<<+5#,'&),5+,<+5#,'&�!"#$!/2Y&+,:#&'+;)'+.,&)(#+,5#-#,5#,'),55.,.')&&+;,=*)7#�!"#)+7.0'"#+,:#&'+;)@'+.,&+&'.5#'#(7+,#)**'"#0)<'.(&+,:.*:#5),5'.%&#'"+&+,@0.(7)'+.,)&'"#=)&+&0.(#,"),<+,;&)0#'1+,):+)'+.,��Z !"#(#&%*'&.0),+,:#&'+;)'+.,)(#(#[%+(#5'.=#7)5#?,.8,'"(.%;")(#-.('8"+<"7)1<.,&'+'%'#\)�)0.(7)*(#-.('>=�&)0#'1)<'+.,&')'#7#,'&>.(<�&)0#'1(#<.77#,5)'+.,&�]%=*+<)'+.,.0'"#(#-.('7)1.<<%(.,'"#$!/2 8#=&+'#3888�)'&=�;.:�)%4),5+,$!/2-%=*+<)'+.,&�� 6.,')<'5#')+*&0.('"#$!/2)(#\]_2. abc>6+:+</[%)(#>6$d2eff$$6!Wbgh!#*\ �hggg��gZ>.(b�@W@bWZg ghi)\b�@W@bWc bZ��W �jjk��kl�� k km��nko��k��W�� f#;%*)'+.,W�p.0'"#ABCDEFGBHICJKHLMDNKEHOPCHOGDqKPrsCHOGDESTTU3!/Vf#;%*)'+.,&4<.,')+,&)*+&'.0t(#&-.,&+=*#-#(&.,&u0.((#-.('+,;):+)'+.,.<<%((#,<#&'.'"#$!/2�$t(#&-.,&+=*#-#(@&.,u+&*+&'#5)&\© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !"��#�� !��$��$�%&��!"��$��'��!�� !"��#�� !&��'��(�$'�� #$)�$�#�!�� #��$!��*(��+#��#$��*�!#�$!�!"��#�� !&%��'��(�$'�� #$)�%�%#��!�%��%��(�,�� #��- #)"!#$)(��+#��#$��*�!#�$!�!"��#�� !&��'��(�$�"�./01 #(*#��$(�%�(�$�#�� !��#$!�$�$��$)#$��,$%��!"�2#+#*3+#�!#�$4�),*�!#�$(0566��!"�2#+#*3+#�!#�$7� �!84�),*�!#�$(05569�$%/:1 %��(�$8��;#$��*�!#�$!�!"��#�� !& �� !"�)��,$%"�$%*#$)��#$��*�!#�$!�!"��#�� !&)�� !"�(!� � !"�2373&�$%"�!"��'��!�� $��%��0�:�: 3��('�$(#�*�'��(�$#($�!��<,#��%!��'��!# "�=("�"�(��(�$-��*�)��,$%(!��*#�+��$�!"��('�$(#�*�'��(�$"�(��'��!�%!"��,��$��0�:�> ?"��,��$��(�"#�"�@��('�$(#�*�'��(�$A#(��<,#��%!��-'��!��*#(!�%�(�#!"��B��%#�!�*84�'��!��*�C�!!��(/B4C1��4�,!#$�4�'��!��*�C�!!��(/44C1�B4C�,(!��'��!�%�((��$�(��(�$��*8'��!#��*��8!�*�'"�$��$06DDD00D>E9�$%!"�$� �**��-,'��#!!�$��'��!�,(!��%��#!"#$F:"�,�(�44C��<,#��$*8��#!!�$��'��!�#!"#$F:"�,�(�0�:�E G#(!�%��*��!"�B4C�$%44C!"�!�,(!��'��!�%�8.��**�#�� !�'��!#�$(9��#�!��$('��!�'��!#�$(9�$%��#�� !�'��!#�$(�!"��!"�$�#�!��$('��!�'��!#�$(�HIJKLMNOPQRJRPNSTIRJITKRPJQINUQSPRKVWXPRTWYXQZJRPNSTIRJITKRPJQINIRPZ[PRJKRITKRPJQIN\][K] _ KVWXPJQINSZINJPQNPaIRKZIaTRK[KNSQbKcKdQNQJQINdIRJ[KJKRaPSeKXXPScKdQNQJQINSdIRIJ[KRJKRaSWSKcQNJ[KXQSJIdRKTIRJPYXKaPJJKRSYKXIe\ KdKRJIJ[KM] feKYSQJKgeee\PJSY\VIb\PWhdIRPZIaTXKJKZITiIdJ[K] _MZJj] _ KVWXPJQINSPNcKkTXPNPJIRiaPJKRQPX\© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !�� "#$%&'())(*'+'(%,&-.'(,*&/0('.1(�0234.+,,&,5..6+)20*&/0*/,5./&,.3.)&78,5.9.(,5&%8&'(0.'*&20*/42':,&1; < (-.'0&/&/3&('9,5.(*'+'(%,&'*/+&/,(+,7*,5,5.(*'=+'(%,8&'(/:,5*/>(,,(+5.9,&,5.(*'+'(%,8&'(/:,5*/>,5(,5(03.+&?.9.,(+5.9%'&?,5.(*'+'(%,@&';�< (-.'0&/75&5(03../9*'.+,):.6-&0.9,&4.,3)(0,@ABCDEFGHDIDJCHBKLBMJNDMOBPNOQRPMSCBLJTDMNBQUIBDNQBCOQVWXPIDEJYIDJCHBMNDMOBPNOQRPMSMDNPXCOQZKMB[QJCPMJXWJPNDN\D]VWDTCCBJKXOZHCWMD [D[_DMaBM_YIDJCHBMNDMOBPNOQRPMSCHJCONOQCDQCOBQJXXSNDXKVOQKXOWCDIaBMWYIDJCHBMNDMOBPNOQRPMSCHJCONOQCDQCOBQJXXSWJPNDI_SJQBCHDMTDMNBQaBMIYIDJCHBMNDMOBPNOQRPMSNPKKDMDI_SJNCB J JSOQJTJMCBKCHDJOMWMJKCCHJCONQBCPNPJXXSJWWDNNO_XDCBWMD[D[_DMNBMTJNNDQZDMNJKCDMCJbDVBKKaBMDYIDJCHBWWPMMOQZ[BMDCHJQcdIJSNJKCDMCHDBWWPMMDQWDCHJCWJPNDICHDIDJCHLPQXDNNCHDIDJCH JNWJPNDI_SJQOQRPMSCHJCMDePOMDIJI[ONNOBQCBHBNTOCJX OCHOQcdIJSNJKCDMCHDBWWPMMDQWDY3�,5.(*'+'(%,3.)*.f.9g?*00*/>h@+�,5.(*'+'(%,02%%.'*/>0.'*&209(?(>.8&',5..6*0,./+.&%'.(=0&/(3).>'&2/90%&'3.)*.f*/>,5(,,5.(*'+'(%,5(002%%.'.90.'*=&209(?(>.@9�,5.(*'+'(%,3.*/>*/(++.00*3).(/9,5..6*0,./+.&%'.(0&/(3).>'&2/90%&'3.)*.f*/>,5(,,5.(*'+'(%,5(03../0.'*&20):9(?=(>.9@.�3'.(i9&7/&%0.-('(,*&/0,(/9('9083.*/>(%(*)2'.,&?(*/,(*/('.+&>/*0.90.-('(,*&/0,(/9('9;f.',*+()8)(,.'()&')&/>*,29*=/()<3.,7../(*'+'(%,,5(,('.3.*/>-'&f*9.97*,5(/jkl0.-(='(,*&/0.'f*+.�ABCDEGHON[JSMDNPXCKMB[mGnLTOXBCBMBCHDMJWCOBQNLJQI[JSBWWPMDoDQOKBQXSBQD\pBKCHDJOMWMJKCOQoBXoDIONPQIDMWBQCMBXBKJQmGnNDMoOWDY© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !"#$%&&%'$($%)*+#$(#+,$%('#)*')-&./,0%�%'$+$#1234�5'#&%('#)#"-#)($#&&,/%'$*+%-,3-�%),%$6-#&&'*'#)')5#&5')7%'$-$%"(8%)#,.5$')7#)(9,7$#.)/3/�%)#--.$$,)-,'):9'-9"&'79(')(#(,$$%')'*)%$$#:&;%5#'/,/3,�(9,$,<,-('#)#"%(%=,6#"""$#8%-&#*,/#$#--.+',/$.):%;3"�%(%=,6#"""$#8%-&#*,/#$#--.+',/$.):%;:'(98%$7')%&*,+%$%('#)"$#8%)#4*(%-&,#$#4*(%-&,*37�%&%)/')7#)%-&#*,/#$#--.+',/$.):%;39�%*'7)'"'-%)("%'&.$,(#%-9',5,+$,/'-(,/+,$"#$8%)-,/.$')7(%=,6#""#$')'('%&-&'843'�%"'$,>,5,)'"*.4*,?.,)(&;,1(')7.'*9,/@A*8#=,A".8,*#$%),1+&#*'#)#)A#$')A%);+%$(#"(9,%'$-$%"(3<�%).)-#)(%'),/,)7'),"%'&.$,3=�%8,-9%)'-%&"%'&.$,$,*.&(')7')(9,*9.(/#:)#"%),)7'),3&�(9,.*,#"%);+$#-,/.$,"#$#5,$-#8')7%),8,$7,)-;38�%),5,)($,?.'$')7(9,.*,#"#1;7,)4;%"&'79(-$,:8,84,$3)�8%&".)-('#)#"%)%'$-$%"(*;*(,8 (9%(*,$'#.*&;%"",-(*(9,#+,$%('#)#"(9,%'$-$%"(3#�%"&'79(-$,:8,84,$4,-#8')7')-%+%-'(%(,//.$')7"&'79(3+�".,&,19%.*('#)3?�(9,%'$-$%"(B**.++&;#".*,%4&,".,&4,-#8')7*#&#:>:9,(9,$#$)#(%*%$,*.&(#"".,&*(%$5%('#)@(9%((9,+'&#(/,-&%$,*%),8,$7,)-;')"&'79(3$�.)/,$*9##(')7A#5,$6$.))')7#$$.))')7#""(9,*'/,#"%$.):%;/.$')7(%=,6#""#$&%)/')7A#$%);#(9,$*'8'&%$#--.$$,)-,3*�%);#"(9,"#&&#:')7#--.$$,)-,*A'"(9,#--.$$,)-,-%.*,*/'""'6-.&(;-#)($#&&')7(9,%'$-$%"(0>�@ %:,%(9,$+9,)#8,)#)3#$>C@ #+,$%('#)#.(*'/,(9,%'$-$%"(B*%++$#5,/,)5,&#+,3(�(9,"%'&.$,#"(:#>C@#$8#$,$,&%(,/$,/.)/%)(*;*(,8*"#$"&'79(7.'/%)-,%)/)%5'7%('#)3%)/.�*,$'#.*/%8%7,(#A#$/,*($.-('#)#"A%);+$#+,$(;#.(*'/,(9,%'$-$%"(-%.*,/4;-#)(%-(:'(9(9,%'$-$%"(#$%);(9')7(9%(9%*4,-#8,/,(%-9,/"$#8(9,%'$-$%"(�DEFGHGIJKLMNOMNPQQRSSLNQLTNUVTQVWUPXYZPSKPSLMTSQSM[WQPKLTNWPORQVQ\POL]SPTKTW_WVMWMWVSLMWWPWVLOM[LW_P[WVLMTS© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !�"��#�$��%��&'��'��$ ��()*+�� $��%�� $��$,��, �&'��%�� $��%�- ��% $��)�-��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��UV��"��!��$�-(,��-�W'�W(�,�$��$,$�X�W�� $�"��!�.I/J 6B@:><98R9<;7=<H9<C7@>=7<8@YB;8@<H@C@A:989<;7=769=@O@8N@=AFPH09=F76<H@67::7L;=N7AAB88@=A@>G;6<H@7AAB88@=A@A7O?87MO;>@>78H9><H@?7<@=<;9:<7A7O?87O;>@<H@>96@<F76<H@6:;NH<GKB<C7@>=7<A9B>@C;66;AB:<FA7=<87::;=N<H@9;8A896<DI3J 9L@9<H@8?H@=7O@=7=PI1J 7?@89<;7=7B<>;C@<H@9;8A896<Z>9??87R@C6:;NH<@=R@:7?@P;069;:B8@78;=9C@YB9AF76969A;:;<FB>@C;=A7==@A<;7=L;<H<H@9;8<89=>?78<7?@89<;7=G>BAH9>DI3J 9=9R;N9<;7=78A7OOB=;A9<;7=9;CP78© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !!"��"#$%�&�!%"�'%�%��#"(%��"��#$%�)&�!%*"��+� �� %#, �!�#��-.��!#/,��'#�'0��'"��1��"%/&��'.��2��'"��3%)" $/� �!%*451�$��%�(�%��"�6-� #�'0�!�%71%16%�" �� "�1��"�"��)$��/!��"�$.��!#/,��'8�9� �0%��!"��%!�$%��'" ��$("�,%�!",%*"�� #�'0�"��#%&%#"��"/�%,� %�%��"�0%#%&%#"��"/�%�##")!��%, "��0% #�'0�*"��+� �0%��!"��%!��%!%�(�"��%�(�%��"�" �$�'�� !��,�".�%#%(0"�%"�%#%!��"��!�%2�1%$$�'%*356�%�3,"7�" !""�,��"�.6%��'��"!!/��%�!%��70�!0�� !�%#��%,�� "�1��"� #"77��0��0%�� !$%�&�!%$-$)�%1�$#��%.��!"��%!�.��!"1(#%�%"��6$%��*#5 ��#/�%" �� !$%�&�!%$�"(�"&�,%�,%:/��%�� !�� "�1�)��"��"�(�#"��%#��"��""�0%��!�� *;<=>?@A>BCD<EFG=B<CFGHAGI>J>>CBCK<FLM>=>NBCK<EE>K=NMG=><EGJO>C=P15�� !!"##�$�"��&"�,��!%$-$�%1�%$"#/��"��,&�$"�-6%��''�&%��"�0%(�#"�" �0%��!�� *�5��"!!/��%�!%��$��' �"1�0%#"�,��'"�!��'%" (�$)$%�'%�$.!��'""� /%#.$/!0�$8�9� �0%#"�,��'" ��!"��%!�:/��-" /%#.� �0%#"�,��'" �0%��!"��%!�:/��-�$#�3%#-�"0�&%�$�'�� !��% %!�"��!�� %�,/��!%.(%� "�1��!%.6�#��!%"�$��/!�/�)�#��%'��-*"�� 0%#"�,��'" ��!"��%!��-(%" /%#"�"�0%�%$$%��# #/�,."�!"��1��%, /%#"�"�0%�%$$%��# #/�,*"��+� �0%��!"��%!�#"�,��'" (�$$%�'%�$.6�''�'%"�!��'".� �0%��!"��%!�#"�,��'0�$�$�'�� !��% %!�"��0%1�$$"�6�#��!%" �0%��!�� *"��Q� �0%!��'%" ,��'%�"/$'"",$��!"��&%��"�" R"11"�7%�#�0.S��%"�T%��"�-#%'�$#��"�*"��U� �0%��!"��%!�$%!/��'" !��'"!"��%�$"�$�'�� !��%1$" !��'"*"��V� �0%��!"��%!�$�"7�'%" 6�''�'%"�!��'".� �0%��!"�)�%!�$�"7�'%�$#�3%#-�"!�/$%�0�W��,�"�0%��!�� "��$%:/�(1%��"�"!!/(��$."��"�1(%,%%1%�'%�!-%&)�!/��"�*"�© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !��"!#�"�$��"�#�# "%&��'!'� "�"'(!"('&)�*�+"&$�#'&,(�-$&�")�'�� '#$"%&!�''��&# .��&#'!�'�#/#'�0� "%&-'&�&�!&# �1�#2&�"#'�'$&3-��&��&'/#4�!#22��#�5�"%��$�2)��!2(3��.�'3464 ��7 8��99�� : �;87�� 8�7�<78=� 8=�� 8 ��<�7 87�� 8�7�<64> ?64>4> @@A #'�22��'!'� "#"%&'"%��'"'��-#'"#-&'�"�#��!2(3&B�4��C('*)#"%&'"%��&'�#(��C('*)"#�-&'�#�#�.#�'3"%&��'!'� "/.4� 2��%"!'&5$&$.&'.&!#$��!�-�!�"�"&35%�2&#-&'�"��"%&��'!'� "/!4��'-'#D/34��#!!(''&�!&��5%�!% 2��%"��"#"&''��''#52*�1#�3&3/&4"%&(�&# ��*-'#!&3('& #'#1&'!#$��&$&'�&�!*/ 4��#!!(''&�!&"%�"'&�(2"��3� �!(2"*!#�"'#22��"%&��'!'� ")��+!2(3��*# "%& #22#5��#!!(''&�!&�B�>� ��'!'� "�*�"&$ ��2('&/�E� �5&�"%&'-%&�#$&�#�/�F� #-&'�"�#�#("��3&"%&��'!'� "G��--'#1&3 2��%"&�1&2#-&/�4 (&2&D%�(�"�#�/%4"%&��'!'� "G��(--2*# (�&�.2& (&2.&!#$��#2#5�5%&"%&'#'�#"��'&�(2"# (&2�"�'1�"�#��"%�""%&�� &"*# "%&��'!'� "��!#$-'#$��&3/�4�!#22��#�5�"%��$�2)��!2(3��.�'3)#��!&'"� �&3#''&+��"&'&3�&'#3'#$&4H4 I �88�� 7 8H4> J%&5'�""&�'&-#'"'&,(�'&3"#.&�(.$�""&3(�3&'K&!"�#�>L# "%&M!"�%#(23-'& &'�.2*(�&"%&M�'K� &"*M!!�3&�"#'N�!�3&�"@&+-#'"�MKMN@� #'$�"4O#'�'&-#'"�.2&$�""&'#"%&'"%�� #'�!#22�+��#�5�"%��$�2#'.�'3)�'&,(�'&$&�"# @&�(2�"�#�E4P# "%&JKN@&�(2�"�#��"%�""%&'&-#'"�%#(23!#�"��$(!%# "%& #22#5�� #'$�"�#��5�"%��"%&-&'�#�G�Q�#52&3�&B�4"%&��$&��3!#�"�!"3&"��2�# "%&-&'�#�$�Q��"%&'&-#'"/.4"%&-&'�#�G�'#2&��'&2�"�#�"#"%&��'!'� "!#�!&'�&3/!4"%&"*-&)$#3&2)��"�#��2�"*)'&��"'�"�#�$�'Q��3 2��%"�($.&'�� *�# "%&��'!'� "/© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !�� "��# !��$#%#�!�&��% ��%��$'( !�� )�#�� # !��$#%#�!�&!�$!��$#%#�!�"�(*��#�$#�"��#�) #��+'��# %,%*##��-�� !��$#�#&.��$ ��'$�/ !��)$' �-��/)��'$%��%��*�+�# !��'$%��%��'�+/��)$' �&��$ ��'$�/ !��%� ��#!'$.��%#�"��+�#0$!��/1-��/)��'$%��%��*�+�# !��'$%��%��'�+/��%��+�#&$��/��' %�'�$��"��#�) #��+'��# %%*##��&2�$!-"��#�) #��+'��# %%*##��-��$#%#�!�"�($�!'$.��3041 ��)'�%�"��#��!'$.��(��#��&��051 ��)'�%�"��#��!'$.��- #"�($�� &��061 ��)*#) (� !��!'$.��&7�*�'�((��#�) #��+'��# %%*##��$#) #�-��' %��$ � !��$#%#�!�$��$��'/�!��#�� %%*##��%� !��#�) #�,�+'��#-$�%'*�$�.��.� .#�)�$%�'% #�$��( !��' ,%��$ �&'��*�+�# !)�#( �( �+ �#��$#%#�!�"��#�) #�,�+'��# %%*##��&��*#� !��#�) #��+'��#-$�%'*�$�.3041 $�( *�% �� #�!!�%� ��!'$.�� !��$#%#�!�&051 ��)��(� !��$#%#�!�8(!'$.��"��# %,%*##��&061 ��"��#% ��$�$ �(&091 ��$#()�%��($.��$ �&0:1 ��'�$�*��"�$%��# %%*##��&0;1 $!��# %%*##��- #$�#�'��$ �� -��$#) #�-�� !��$#) #�-��-$!$� %%*##�� - #$�#�'��$ �� -�#*�"�/-��#*�"�/�*�+�#&0<1 $!��#$�= '=��% ''$($ �"$��$��'-$�%'*�$�.�+$#�-��*#� !��% ''$($ �&0>1 ��%�*(�( !�� %%*##��%�0$!7� "�1-$�%'*�$�.��/�*��)�#! #��%�$((*�(&0?1 ��/(�!��/�%�$ �%�##$�� *�� )#�=��#�%*##��%� !��#&��04@1��*#��A�� !��/��.�� $#%#�!�&© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !�� " ��"��#$�� "� %��"��"��#"� &!�' ��"#��(""�)*�+,��"" ��,-�+�� #��#-�", �)�.��/�� )!#� ��#�#$ ��&(�!)��+�,"(�% ��#" �"#)"#'��01#��$!�+��"(!��(�)�"%�� "�" $�% �#��" ��+ ��'�#$��"��#"� &!�' ��"1��#$ �"�" $�#��" ��#�� "�" $�% ��+ +�)�� '�#$��"��#"� &!�' ��"12��$��' ��""��(!��)�� $ � !��#"��"�#(��3("�, �)�� "/�" $�� ""��) ��'�"+��!#� �#"�" ��'��"4*50 ��' �($ ��("�" �)'#)�!#$��'�"+��!#� �#"�" ��'��"1*60 %��"��% �$�.�)#"�#"� &!�1*70 ��!#� ��#�� "�" $�1 �)*80 %��"��% � ��- ��)1"��$�� "�" $�9��!#�� )��)4*50 ��!#�9�) ��#$&�"��1 �)*60 ��!#�9��#� !$!��+�#("�#� !! �"�" $� �)$!��+�#("�#�� '��#$ �"�" $�1��$ ��"�%'�'&�"�� -�)��)#"&��"�#(�!��3("�) � "��(!�#$��"��#"� &!�' ��",�#%' ��, �)��"� '�� )� ��#� !��1��$ �� +�"�� -�)��)#"&��"�#(�!��3("�) � "�/�(!�#$��"��#"� &!�' ��",�#%' ��, �)��"� '�� )� ��#� !��1 �)(��$ ��#��"��"�#�� -�)��)#"&��"�#(�!��3("�) � "��(!�#$��"��#"� &!�' ��",�#%' ��, �)��"� '�� )� ��#� !��:�6 ;#" "��#"� &!�' ��"�� '#(��# <=>>?@?=AB?CDEAEA?FE>=GH?GI=A>J��"��#"�'(��#�� '(��#$��$#!!#%��+��/$#"' ��#� ��%��K�#%!�)+�#$��"�#�' K��+��"�/�#"�4 �� '� �)�#�� )�� !�#$��"�#�' K��+��"��#"�1&��) � �)!#� !��'�%��"��#"� &!�' ��"#��(""�)1�� ("�#$��"��#"� &!�' ��",��!()��+4*50 �$��' ��"#��(""�) �,#"��"�! ��#��#, � �"�#"�,�� '�#$�� "�#"�, �)�$��#��(""�)#�,#"��"�! ��#��#, "(�% �,��"(�% ��('&�"1 �)*60 �� ("� �)�.��#$ ��) ' +��#�� "�" $�1 �)© Civil Aviation Safety Authority -

�� !��"��#��!�$��%��"��&��'#��#�""��"��(�) *��&�!"+��,-,./#��0+�1� ��2��&�+�1�!��+3 �&'#�!�+�3��4��'+��2�1#��5222��#1�%�4��06�� &�� !��,*-7&��+� �&��8��1��(�9 ,�,-,./ ��!!��1��1��+��222��#1�%�4��0��1�&��&��%��,*-7�� '&�++"��0!1��:;<<<::<)95"��'!�� &��0!1��6��:;<<<=<>:>5#� �� !��0!1��#�&�� &��0!1��6�>� ��?��@�A�@�B�>�: *��#"��#� ��4�#��%�� ./C��//C��#��&�'"�&��1��#0&�� !��#�#��&�##��&��0&��4�#��%��0%��"�2��#��+�%��!��0��D��(� ��*-.,&��E�2�4��3��4�#��%��2�++�+2��##��$32��"�##�1+�3��1�� !��&��"��2��2��&&0"��8�"��#� +�%��"+��#3+�%#��1�� %��&0!��##��0+�1��1��"�+�� :9��#� �� +�%��&�#��!��1��F0��1��4�#��%��>�= -�&��=9� ��*-.,&�!�$�#�"��#��%0�+�� &� ��&$+�##&��0&��4��#�+�� &�#��4�#��%��G��./C3��#!��1�&��0&��&&0�#1� ��4�#��%��#&�!!��&��*�� &��#��""+�� &��0&��#�0��'��#��1��HI�&0��4�J��&�� ,*-7��+�%��3�� &��0&�2�#��&�##��K��#0��#� �� "��#��#3��!�+#��"��"��L��1��!�4��&��#��"��#��#��!�+# ��!��&&��#��L��&�!�4��#"��4��&+�3��2��&$�%�� #"��4��'&+�3��#� �"+�&�L��"��&��4��!�� !#�%�� &��!�%��"�++0��>�) M��-�&��9)� ��*-.,&�3��HI�&0��4�J��&�� ,*-73��+�%��3!��!"�#��ND��&��O��P��4��&��+�4��4�#��%��G��I�!"+�3��&�� 2��&$�%�3!��&��&��#��&�&$"��4��&��&��#�Q��#0&��4�'��&��#0��ND��&��O��P3��!�4�+�� &�2��4��&��#�� &��E�2�4��3��#�!��I&�"��#+�#��1�4� ��-�&��=9�""+� ��ND��&��O��#P�

I


Civil Aviation Advisory Publications

(CAAPs)


November 2006

DRAFT CAAP 42M-1(0) GUIDELINES FOR AIRCRAFT FUEL REQUIREMENTS

TThhee rreelleevvaanntt rreegguullaattiioonnss aanndd ootthheerr rreeffeerreenncceess This publication should be read in conjunction with regulations 220 and 234 of the Civil Aviation Regulations (CARs) 1988.

Who this CAAP applies to This CAAP applies to all operators of Australian aircraft.

Why this CAAP was written This CAAP provides information and guidance on fuel requirements for aircraft required by regulations 220 and 234 of CAR 1988.

Status of this CAAP This is the second CAAP to be written on this subject.

For further information Telephone the CASA Office closest to you on 131757.

Civil Aviation Advisory Publication November 2006 This publication is only advisory but it gives a CASA preferred method for complying with the Civil Aviation Regulations (CARs) 1988.

It is not the only method, but experience has shown that if you follow this method you will comply with the Civil Aviation Regulations.

Always read this advice in conjunction with the appropriate regulations.

CCoonntteennttss ......

SSeeee ppaaggee 22..

CAAP 234-1(1)Australian Government

CivilAviation SafetyAuthority


2 CAAP 234-1(1): Guidelines for Aircraft Fuel Requirements

November 2006

2. Abbreviations ............................................................................2 3. Definitions.................................................................................2 4. Matters to be considered when calculating fuel requirements. .................................................................................3 5. How much fuel should be carried when an alternate aerodrome is not necessary?..........................................................3 6. How much fuel should be carried when an alternate aerodrome is required? ..................................................................4 7. How much fuel is required when planning an en-route diversion to another aerodrome? ...................................................4 8. Contingencies which should be taken into account when calculating fuel requirements. .......................................................5 9. What are the fuel requirements if a flight plan is amended in flight? ........................................................................................6 10. Variable and fixed fuel reserves. .............................................6 11. Holders of Air Operator’s Certificates to specify fuel policy in operations manual. .........................................................6 12. Establishing fuel on board.......................................................6 13. Fuel quantity cross-check........................................................6 14. Table 1 – Variable fuel reserve ...............................................7 15.Table 2 – Fixed fuel reserve. ....................................................7

AOC Air Operators Certificate

CAO Civil Aviation Order

CAR Civil Aviation Regulations (1988)

ENR En route

IFR Instrument Flight Rules

INTER Intermittent / Intermittently

NVFR Night Vision Flight Rules

TEMPO Temporary / Temporarily

3.1. In these guidelines a number of expressions have defined meanings. The following expressions have been so defined and they have the following meanings:

alternate aerodrome means an aerodrome specified in the flight plan to which a flight may proceed when it becomes inadvisable to land at, or continue toward, the aerodrome of intended landing.

destination aerodrome means the aerodrome to which a flight is planned.

1. Contents.

3. Definitions.

2. Abbreviations.


CAAP 234-1(1): Guidelines for Aircraft Fuel Requirements 3

November 2006

fixed fuel reserve means an amount of fuel, expressed as a period of time holding at 1 500 feet above an aerodrome at standard atmospheric conditions, that may be used for unplanned manoeuvring in the vicinity of the aerodrome at which it is proposed to land, and that would normally be retained in the aircraft until the final landing.

fuel means the material that is burnt as the source of power for a flight and includes any other material (such as oil) that is consumed in the power-generation process.

holding fuel means an amount of fuel that will allow an aircraft to fly for a specified period of time, being an amount that is calculated at the holding rate established for the aircraft at a level not greater than flight level 200 and at a temperature not less than forecast.

reserve fuel means an amount of fuel on board an aircraft not being the amount that is required for the purposes of paragraphs 5 (a) and 6.1 (a) and subparagraphs 8.1 (a) (i) and 8.1 (b) (i).

variable fuel reserve means an amount of fuel on board an aircraft that is sufficient to provide for unexpected fuel consumption caused by factors other than a loss of pressurisation or an engine failure.

4.1 When calculating the amount of fuel that may be required for a particular flight, allowance should always be made for the additional fuel that might be required because of:

(a) forecast weather conditions en route and the additional fuel that is consumed during flight in icing conditions;

(b) planned air traffic control routing (including departure and arrival procedures);

(c) any delays resulting from traffic holding notified for: (i) where an alternate aerodrome is required — that

alternate aerodrome; or (ii) where an alternate aerodrome is not required —

the destination aerodrome; (d) contingencies of the kind referred to in section 8 in

this CAAP.

5.1 Where it has been determined that an alternate aerodrome to the destination aerodrome is not necessary, the amount of fuel on board an aircraft at any particular point in the flight should be an amount that is sufficient:

(a) to enable the aircraft to fly from that point to a height of 1 500 feet above the destination aerodrome, make an approach and land; and

4. Matters to be considered when calculating fuel requirements.

5. How much fuel should be carried when an alternate aerodrome is not necessary?



November 2006

(b) to enable the aircraft to continue to fly at a cruising speed for a specified percentage of the time that it would take to fly in accordance with paragraph (a), being the percentage specified in Table 1 of this CAAP for that category and class of aircraft; and

(c) to provide for contingencies of the kind described in section 6; and

(d) to provide holding fuel to take account of any traffic delays of the kind mentioned in paragraph 4 (c); and

(e) to provide the fixed fuel reserve that is specified in Table 2 of this CAAP.

6.1 Subject to subsection 6.2, where it has been determined that an alternate aerodrome to the destination aerodrome is required, then the amount of fuel on board an aircraft at any particular point in the flight should be an amount that is sufficient:

(a) to enable the aircraft (i) to fly from that point to a height of 1 500 feet

above the destination aerodrome; and (ii) to make an approach to that aerodrome; and

(iii) to make a missed approach to that aerodrome; and

(iv) to fly to the alternate aerodrome; and (v) to make an approach to that alternate

aerodrome; and (vi) to land at that alternate aerodrome; and

(b) to enable the aircraft to continue to fly at a cruising speed for a specified percentage of the time that it would take to fly in accordance with paragraph (a), being the percentage specified in Table 1 of this CAAP for that category and class of aircraft; and

(c) to provide for contingencies of the kind described in section 8; and

(d) to provide holding fuel to take account of any traffic delays of the kind mentioned in paragraph 4 (c); and

(e) to provide the fixed fuel reserve that is specified in Table 2 of this CAAP.

6.2 Where: (a) because of the forecast weather conditions at a

destination aerodrome, it would normally be necessary to determine an alternate aerodrome; but

6. How much fuel should be carried when an alternate aerodrome is required?



November 2006

(b) the forecast is annotated with the expression “INTER” or “TEMPO”;

then, for paragraph 6.1 (a), it is sufficient if the aircraft carries holding fuel in accordance with the Aeronautical Information Publication ENR 1.1 Section 72 rather than carrying an amount of fuel that would be calculated by the method to enable the aircraft to fly to an alternate aerodrome.

7.1 A flight to a destination aerodrome should not be commenced if the amount of fuel on board an aircraft is less than the amount that is required in sections 5 and 6 of this CAAP unless:

(a) the flight is planned via an en route diversion point to another aerodrome that has been approved as an alternative destination for that flight; and

(b) the amount of fuel on board the aircraft is sufficient to enable the aircraft to fly to that alternative destination in accordance with whichever of the fuel requirements set out in sections 5 and 6 is applicable; and

(c) the aircraft continues to fly to the destination aerodrome from the diversion point only after it has been determined that the fuel on board the aircraft at that point is sufficient, in accordance with fuel requirements set out in sections 5 or 6 of this CAAP, to enable the aircraft to complete the flight to that destination aerodrome.

8.1 At any time after take off, the fuel on board an aircraft should be sufficient:

(a) if there has been a loss of pressurisation — to enable the aircraft:

(i) to fly to a height of 1 500 feet above an aerodrome of a kind described in subsection 8.2, make an approach and land; and (ii) to complete the flight and still have on board the fixed fuel reserve specified in Table 2 of this CAAP for that type of aircraft and that type of flight; and

(b) if there has been an engine failure — to enable the aircraft:

(i) to fly to a height of 1 500 feet above an aerodrome of a kind described in subsection 8.2, make an approach and land; and

(ii) to continue to fly at a cruising speed for a specified percentage of the time that it would take to fly in accordance with subparagraph (i), being the percentage specified in Table 1 for that category and class of aircraft; and

(iii) to complete the flight and still have on board a fixed fuel reserve of 10 minutes.

7. How much fuel is required when planning an en-route diversion to another aerodrome?

8. Contingencies which should be taken into account when calculating fuel requirements.



Revised November 2006

8.2 The aerodrome referred to in subparagraphs 8.1 (a) (i) and 8.1 (b) (i) should be either:

(a) for aircraft and operations of a type referred to in Civil Aviation Order (CAO) 20.7.1B — an “adequate aerodrome” within the meaning of CAO 20.7.1B; or

(b) for all other types of aircraft and operations — an aerodrome that has been approved for normal operation of that type of aircraft and in respect of which the forecast weather is above the approved instrument approach minima.

8.2 Contingency operations for the contingencies referred to in subsection 8.1 are to be carried out in accordance with the procedures set out in the operator’s operations manual or approved flight manual.

9.1 Where it is proposed to amend a flight plan during flight in order to replan the flight to another destination aerodrome, the fuel requirements set out in these guidelines in respect of the original destination aerodrome should be observed in respect of that other destination aerodrome.

10.1 The variable fuel reserve that should be carried on an aircraft is set out in Table 1 of this CAAP.

10.2 The fixed fuel reserve that should be carried on an aircraft is set out in Table 2 of this CAAP.

11.1 The holders of Air Operator’s Certificates (AOCs) are reminded that regulation 220 of CAR 1988 requires an operator to include in their operations manuals specific instructions for the computation of the quantities of fuel to be carried on each route.

12.1 Fuel gauges, particularly on smaller aircraft may occasionally be unreliable. In addition, except when the tank is full, it is extremely difficult to establish the quantity of fuel in a tank unless the aircraft is perfectly level and the manufacturer has provided an accurately graduated dipstick, sight gauge, drip gauge or tank tab. Any direct reading of a partially filled tank must be discounted or rounded down to a figure consistent with the next lower tab or marking unless:

a) the aircraft is level; and b) the fuel is at or above a tab with a clearly established

value; or c) the fuel gauge reading corresponds to a dipstick value.

9. What are the fuel requirements if a flight plan is amended in flight?

10. Variable fuel reserve and fixed fuel reserve.

11. Holders of air operator's certificates to specify fuel policy in operations manual.

12. Establishing fuel on board.



Revised November 2006

13.1 Unless assured that the aircraft tanks are completely full, or a totally reliable and accurately graduated dipstick, sight gauge, drip gauge or tank tab reading can be done, the pilot should endeavour to use the best available fuel quantity cross-check prior to starting. The cross-check should consist of establishing the fuel on board by at least two different methods such as

a) Check of visual readings (tab, dip, drip, sight gauges) against fuel consumed indicator readings: or

b) Having regard to previous readings, a check of electrical gauge or visual readings against fuel consumed indicator readings: or

c) After refuelling, and having regard to previous readings, a check of electrical gauge or visual readings against the refuelling installation readings: or

d) Where a Series of flights is undertaken by the same pilot and refuelling is not carried out at intermediate stops, cross-checks may be made by checking the quantity gauge readings against computed furl on board and/or fuel consumed indicator readings, provided the particular system is known to be reliable.

Table 1 Variable fuel reserve

Aeroplanes and airships Helicopters Category and class Category and class

Private and aerial work

Public transport and charter

Private and aerial work

Public transport and charter

Piston engined

Turbine engined

propeller or jet

Nil 15% 10% Nil 15% Note: For flights with sectors of 3 hours or more between suitable aerodromes at which a safe landing can be made, it is recommended that private and aerial work flights carry a variable reserve of 10%.

Table 2 Fixed fuel reserve

Aeroplanes and airships Helicopters Flight Category

V.F.R. and I.F.R.

V.F.R. and I.F.R.

Piston engined

Turbine engined propeller or jet V.F.R. I.F.R.

45 mins 30 mins 20 mins 30 mins

13. Fuel quantity cross-check.


CAR ExtractsPrivate Operations 2

Schedule 8 – Maintenance permitted 5CASR Extracts

Student Pilot 8Flying as a Student pilot 8General requirements 9

No passengers 9Solo Flights 9

Medical 9Recency 11Location for solo 29

Taxi Aircraft 12Identity Checks 12Produce Documents 12Operation of Radio without Licence 13Conducting Flights without Rating or Endorsements 14

Pilot Licensing – General 17Grant of Licences 15

English Language Proficiency 16Limitations 17

Ratings 17Design Features 20Recency 21Flight Reviews 23Medical Certificates 24

Carriage of Documents 26English Language Proficiency 27Operation of Radio 28

English Language Requirement 29RPL

Privileges 31Medical Certificates 25Limitations 31

Area for flights 29Requirements 33Endorsements 35

PPLPrivileges 38Medical Certificates 24Limitations 38Aeronautical Experience 40

MedicalDuration 41Pregnancy 42

Notification of Illness 43Offence if Licence Holder 44Offence if Student Pilot 47

CAO ExtractsCAO 29.5 – Dropping of Articles 50

AIP ExtractsAirspace 57Lanes of Entry 62Accidents and Incidents 63

Reporting - All ops 65IRM 65

Reporting - Air Transport ops 66IRM 66RRM 67

Reporting - other than Air Transport ops 69RRM 69

Written Report 70CAAP Extracts

CAAP 92-1 – ALAs 74CAAP 234-1 – Aircraft Fuel Requirements 80

© Civil Aviation Safety Authority
