city university of hong kong division of social studies theme 4:welfare institution prepared by...
TRANSCRIPT
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CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONGDivision of Social Studies
Theme 4:Welfare Institution
Prepared by Group X
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What is Social Welfare?
• Laws• Programmes• Benefits• Services
Welfare Institution
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PART 1
Sociological perspectives
& Welfare Roles of
Hong Kong Government
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Round 1
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare Roles of Hong Kong Government
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Functionalism V.S.
H.K. government welfare role
Explanation of Functionalism
Solidarity
Stability
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. GovernmentUsing Family Functions as an example
• Reproduction
• Physical
• Social
• Emotive
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
• Cultural
• Economic
• Education
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離婚統計數字
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
年度
發出
個案
離婚判令
資料來源: 1996 年中期人口統計,香港政府統計處 香港統計年刊, 2000 年版,香港特別行政區政府統計處
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家庭住戶數字
1240000134000014400001540000164000017400001840000194000020400002140000
1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
年度
家庭
住戶
數目
家庭住戶數目
資料來源: 香港特別行政區政府統計處《 2001 年人口普查》
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家庭住戶平均人數
33.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.9
4
1981 1986 1991 1996 2001年度
家庭
住戶
平均
人數
家庭住戶平均人數
資料來源: 香港特別行政區政府統計處《 2001 年人口普查》
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. GovernmentFamily system undergoing changes
Size of FamilyRoles of ParentsFamily breaking downLocation of Home
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Government Reaction Set up Family & Child CenterSet up Single Parent Center
Caritas Mutual Aid Center for Single Parent Families Hong Kong Single Parent Association West Kowloon Single
Parent Career Development Center
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Government reactionSet up Family Crisis Support CenterProvide Direct and Indirect Subsidy (Comprehensive Social Security Assistance,
9 years free of charge education)
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Purposes of Providing Welfare
Maintain Stability
Response to the Needs
Functions those Weakened
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Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Conclusion
Welfare is a tool!!!!
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Round 2
Symbolic Interaction
V.S.Welfare Roles of Hong Kong
Government
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Symbolic InteractionV.S. Welfare role of H.K.
government Explanation of Symbolic Interaction
• Focus on individual interactions in specific situations
• No absolute of right or wrong
• View society as products of everyday individual interactions
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In the past
• Status: Men>>>Women– Women are seen as a property of men
• Education level: Lower– Less aware of the human right
So, accept being bitten up by husband and are ashamed of reporting!!
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NOWADAYS
• Status: Men~Women– Women are more independent of men
• Education level: Higher– Greater awareness of human right
So, find spouse abuse unacceptable and willing to report!
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Government’s Welfare Response
• Women Protection Ordinance
• Establishment of organizations for protection of women– HARMONY HOUSE ( 和諧之家 )
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Round 3
Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare Roles of Hong Kong Government
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Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
CAPITALISM
Free economic market (like wages system)
government intervention
Private market & property rights
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Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
Explanation of CONFLICT THEORY
Conflicts
Deprive
Unequal resources distribution
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Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
Under Capitalism, welfare system is to
Maintain the lives of the poor
Decrease social conflict
Release welfare gap
Ensure free market system
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Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
Example CSSA
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QUESTIONS
Let’s image…..
Q1, What is an “Ideal Society”?
Q2, Are there any problems in the “Ideal Society” ? What are they ?
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After the presentation of 3 sociological theories,which is the best to explain the welfare role of
H.K. Government ?
TO BE CONTINUE!
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Part 2
Hong Kong Government
Hong Kong SAR Government
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B 97 V.S. A 97
Economics 經濟Politics 政治Welfare 福利
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ECONOMICS
B 97 V.S. A 97
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Government and Business
Strength of Hong Kong EconomyMinimum government interventionClear legal environment……
Weakness of Hong Kong EconomyLack of government support………..
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Government & Business
Before 1997Free trade policySupporter
e.g. infrastructure…..
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Government and Business
After 1997Positive non-intervention Controller
e.g. Asian Financial Crisis, “ Housing policy”,..
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Asian Financial Crisis ( 亞洲金融風暴 )
Government Intervention in Housing Market 政府對樓市的干預
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Government Intervention
Good & Bad
Good!Protect the benefit of general
public
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Government Intervention
BadPublic depends on the
government.
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Then do you think government should intervene the market or not?
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B 97 V.S. A 97
POLITICS
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B 97 V.S. A 97POLITICS
JUDICIAL
INDEPENDENCE
INTERPRETATION
OF BASIC LAW
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Disaster of Laws (Human Rights cannot be
protected)!On January 26, 1999, the Court of Final
Appeal delivered a judgment on the right of abode case ( 居港權事件 )
National People' s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) – 全國人民代表大會常務委員會
NPCSC had offered explanations for some clauses in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR on June 26, 1999 ( 人大釋法 )
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The Election Mechanism of
Legislative Council
List system of proportional representation( 比例代表制 )
“first past the post" voting system( 得票最多者當選投票制 )
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Accountability System (AS)(問責制 )
Carried out on July 2002. Number of Policy Bureau changed fr
om 16 to 11 (all assigned by Chief Executive)(行政長官任命 ) Plus Chief Secretary for Administration( 政務司司長 ),Financial Secretary( 財政司司長 )and Secretary for Justice( 律政司司長 ) .
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Accountability System (AS)(問責制 )
14 Principal Officials (AS) responsible to Chief Executive
Only and not checked & balanced( 制衡 ) by Legislative Council( 立法局 )
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Power of Government
Therefore :
• Power of Government after 97 is highly Centralization.
• Policy constitution is consensus and easy to execute
• While power of Government before 97 is relative weak
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The Intervention of the SAR government in Welfare Policy
WELFARE
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WELFARE
Change of Subsidies Method
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The subvention model was Model Cost (MC) and Modified Standard
Cost (MSC) from 1981Repayment system was provided for
overpayments (Actual cost>Budget)
M.C. & M.S.C.
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Problems of MC and MSC:
1. Inflexible ( 僵化 )
2. Complex ( 複雜 )
3. Bureaucratic ( 官僚 )
M.C. & M.S.C
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M.C. & M.S.C.
Government Policy
To fix these problems, Social Welfare Department (SWD) launched the
“Lump Sum Grant subvention scheme ” and carried out
in December 2000
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Lump Sum Grant subvention scheme(LSG)
Under the LSG• SWD will no longer staffing structures , levels
of pay and individual items of expenditure
• NGOs will be given flexibility in develop service.
• No any other external subvention will be given
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Use of L.S.G AGREE & DISAGREE
AGREE:
1.Fixable
2.Meet the need of district and the user
3.Accelerate management Modernization of NGOs
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Use of L.S.GAGREE & DISAGREE
DISAGREE• Layoff • Pay cut • Lack of Consultation
• Increase user burden
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Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )What is SPMS?A. Launched in 04/1999 by SWDB. To ensuring NGOs to manage public
resources effectively to meet performance standard
C. Major Components of the SPMS : 1.Service Quality Standard (SQS) and
2.Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)
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編號 標準大要 編號 標準大要標準 1 服務資料 標準 9 安全的環境標準 2 檢討及修訂政策和程序 標準 10 申請和退出服務
標準 3 運作及活動紀錄 標準 11 評估服務使用者的需要
標準 4 職務及責任 標準 12 知情的選擇標準 5 人力資源 標準 13 私人財產標準 6 計劃、計估及收集意見 標準 14 私隱和保密標準 7 財政管理 標準 15 申訴標準 8 法律責任 標準 16 免受侵犯
Sixteen SQS standards (Chinese Version )
原則一︰資料提供 原則二︰ 服務管理 原則三︰為服務使用者提供服務
原則四 ︰尊重服務者使用的權利
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Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )
SQS: 服務質素標準 Define the policy procedures and practices
which a service unit should have in place.
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Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )
SQS: 服務質素標準Define the policy procedures and pract
ices which a service unit should have in place
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Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )
Four Principles in Sixteen Standards Principle 1.Provision of information 資料提供Principle 2.Service management 服務管理 Principle 3.Service to user
為使用者提供的服務Principle 4.Respect for service users right
尊重使用者的權利
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Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)
( 津貼及服務協議 )
What is it? It includes the objective and nature of
service to be provided, the output indicators and funding arrangement.
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Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)
Content of the agreement
1.Nature of service ( 服務定義 )
2.Performance standards ( 服務表現標準 )
3.Obligations of SWD to service operators
( 社署對服務提供者的責任 )
4.Basis of subvention ( 津貼的基準 )
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Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)Content of the agreement
1.Nature of service ( 服務定義 )
2.Performance standards ( 服務表現標準 )
3.Obligations of SWD to service operators
( 社署對服務提供者的責任 )
4.Basis of subvention ( 津貼的基準 )
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Government’s View
PRODCTIVITY ( 生產力 )
EFFICIENCY ( 高效能 )
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ( 企業化 )
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Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )COMMENT ON THE SPMS
STRENGTH( 優點 )
Quality Service
Measure service performance objectively WEAKNESS( 缺點 )
Too rely on Statistic
Increasing the workload of the worker
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Competitive Bidding ( 競爭性投標 )
• Launched in 1999
• Attain efficiency and cost effectiveness in social welfare service
• Pilot test on meal service for the elderly Home care service
• Private sector also invited to bidding residential care services
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Competitive Bidding ( 競爭性投標 )
CommentLack of evidence for bidding can cut
costs Private sector concerns profit DiscriminationInstability and Discontinuous
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B 97 V.S. A 97CONCLUSION
Other than the above changes,SARS, Negative Equity Asset owner( 負資產 ), Reduce of CSSA( 削減綜
援 ),Legislation of Article 23( 廿三條立法 ),…..
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As a result
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B 97 V.S. A 97
Let’s imagine The Future of Hong Kong!
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QUESTION &
ANSWER
Thanks for your attention