City, University of London Institutional Repository

Citation: Priego, E. (2013). Open Access Now! Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013.. Paper presented at the Open Access debate, 18 March 2013, Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London.

This is the published version of the paper.

This version of the publication may differ from the final published version.

Permanent repository link: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8422/

Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.654622

Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to.

City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ publications@city.ac.uk

City Research Online

OpenAccessNow!

DrErnestoPriego,CityUniversityLondon@ernestopriego

ResearchnotesintheformofadeckofslidesassembledbyErnestoPriegofortheOpenAccessdebateorganisedbyRogerSabinatCentralSaintMartins,UniversityoftheArts,London,Monday18March2013.

TooMuchTextonTheseSlides!

•  Yes.Theseslidesaremeanttobeaccessedopenlyonlineandreadasadeckofresearchcardsornotes.

•  Theydonotnecessarilyrepresentwhatwasshowninsitu.•  Thisisatypeofopenaccessscholarlyoutputoreducational

resource.Ittooksometimeandeffort(i.e.£)tocreate.•  Lessthan20peopleattendedtheevent.Thisisnormaland

evensuccessfulinmanycasesofacademicevents.ManymorewillhopefullygetanideaofwhatIdiscussedthroughthisresource.

•  TheseresearchnoteswerepublishedonlineaftertheeventtheywerecreatedforasaPDFandarelicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.

“Youneverchangethingsbyfightingtheexistingreality.

Tochangesomething,buildanewmodelthatmakestheexistingmodelobsolete.”

‐BuckminsterFuller,

AmericanArchitect(1895‐1983)

DigitalScholarship

Scholarsengagedindigitalscholarship:• haveadvanceddigitalliteracyskills• self‐archive• filterandsharewithothers• blogabouttheirresearch• publishinopenaccessjournals• commentopenlyontheworksofothers• buildnetworks

(AfterTerryAnderson,2009;MartinWeller,2011)

•  Scholarsask:allcool,butwhorewards/incentivises/fundsallthis?

ScholarlyOutputs(Cronin2012)

From1970:•  Workingpaper•  Occasionalpaper•  Preprint•  Conferencepaper•  Journalarticle•  Letters•  Researchnotes•  Monograph•  Bookreview•  Literaturereview

From2010:•  Sameas1970plus…

Journalarticleandsupplementarymaterials

•  Hyperlinkedarticles•  Tweets•  Blogs•  Videos(YouTube)•  E‐preprints•  Webpages•  Webinars/podcastsetc.

Scholarship=Dissemination•  Nolongercompletelydifferenttasks•  Theharderitistofindsomething,theharderitistoaccessit•  Theharderitistoaccesssomething,theharderitistofindan

audience•  Theharderitistofindanaudience,theharderitistocreate

sustainableengagement•  Theharderitistocreatesustainableengagement,theharderitisto

haveanimpact•  Ifitcan’tbeaccessed,itwon’tberead•  Ifitcan’tberead,itwon’tbecited•  Again,sameissue:sincenoteveryonedoesitnaturally,anofficial

systemofincentives/rewardsneedstoallocatefinancial,infrastructural,timeresourcesforthis

http://www.oercommons.org/http://creativecommons.org/

Inaworldbasedinsharingandreusing(theWeb)attribution,reciprocityandfeedbackare

thekeybestpractices

GreatestanxietiesaboutOpenAccessrightnowarearoundIntellectualproperty,plagiarism,copyrightlawinthedigitalage.WeneedtostudyandcommunicatebetterhowexistinglegalframeworksinteractwithexistingCreativeCommonslicensesandinstitutionalfundingandpublisher’spolicies

OpenAccessExplained*JorgeCham(2012)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY

*OpenAccessisnotonlyfor“scientists”!

TheRealCost•  Forbetterorworse,theWebistheprimarygatewaytoinformation

searchandaccess•  Whatisnotaccessedisnotused•  IntheWeb,frictionreducesattentionandusage•  Paradigmshiftintheattentioneconomyandtheeconomicsof

onlineattention:ifthere’sapaywallyouwilljumpoveritwithoutpaying

•  Weneedmorehonestyinwhyacademicworkispublishedinnon‐OAjournalsthatareexpensive,restrictiveanddifficulttofind

•  Academicsalreadypaytowriteandpublisharticlesinpaywalledjournalsevenifnotdirectly

•  Weneedscholarsformarts,humanitiesandsocialsciencesfieldstoengageinacriticalrevisionofcopyright,lincensing,functionsofacademicpublishing

OA:NoPaywall

•  Open‐access(OA)literatureisdigital,online,freeofcharge[tothereader;insomecasestoauthorsthroughwaivers],and[ideally]freeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestrictions[throughCreativeCommonslicenses].

•  WhatmakesitpossibleistheInternetandtheconsentoftheauthororcopyright‐holder.

(PeterSuber2008)

CompatiblewithResearchExcellence

•  OAisentirelycompatiblewithpeerreview,andallthemajorOAinitiativesforscientificandscholarlyliteratureinsistonitsimportance.

•  Justasauthorsofjournalarticlesdonatetheirlabor,sodomostjournaleditorsandrefereesparticipatinginpeerreview.

(PeterSuber2008)

OAisNotFreetoProduce

•  OAliteratureisnotfreetoproduce,evenifitislessexpensivetoproducethanconventionallypublishedliterature.

•  Thequestionisnotwhetherscholarlyliteraturecanbemadecostless,butwhethertherearebetterwaystopaythebillsthanbychargingreadersandcreatingaccessbarriers.

•  BusinessmodelsforpayingthebillsdependonhowOAisdelivered.

(PeterSuber2008)

OAReducesFriction

SPARC2004

MoreEvidence

(Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005)

Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005

•  “Ten‐YearCross‐DisciplinaryComparisonoftheGrowthofOpenAccessandHowitIncreasesResearchCitationImpact”

•  Papersonopenaccessjournalshaveahighercitationimpactthannon‐OAjournals

OACanIncreaseImpact

“Inordertomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearch,researchersneedtomakeitOpenAccess”

–RobertKiley,HeadofDigitalServices, WellcomeTrust(LSEFutureofAcademicImpactsconference,London,5December2012)

OnlinePresence=Citations

•  CitationsinWikipediacorrelatewithJCRdata(Nielsen,2007)

•  Articlesinthetopquartileoftweetswere11timesmorelikelytobeintopquartileofcitations2yearslater(Eysenbach,2012)

•  Positivecorrelationsbetweeninclusioninreferencemanagersandcitation(Bar‐Ilan,2012;Lietal.2011;Priemetal.,2012)

•  Downloadspredict/correlatewithsubsequentcitation(Brodyetal.,2006).

(Cronin2012)

Tweeting,BloggingandOARepositories

•  “Ifyoutellpeopleaboutyourresearch,theylookatit.Yourresearchwillgetlookedatmorethanpaperswhicharenotpromotedviasocialmedia”

•  “beforeIbloggedandtweetedthem,hadonetotwodownloads,eveniftheyhadbeenintherepositoryformonths(oryears,insomecases).Uponbloggingandtweeting,within24hours,therewereonaverageseventydownloadsofmypapers”MelissaTerras(2012).

TwoMainPaths

•  TherearetwoprimaryvehiclesfordeliveringOAtoresearcharticles:

1.  OAjournalsand2.  OAarchivesorrepositories.

(PeterSuber,2004)

PeterSuberonOAJournals

•  “OAjournalsperformpeerreviewandthenmaketheapprovedcontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.

•  Theirexpensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.

•  OAjournalspaytheirbillsverymuchthewaybroadcasttelevisionandradiostationsdo:thosewithaninterestindisseminatingthecontentpaytheproductioncostsupfrontsothataccesscanbefreeofchargeforeveryonewiththerightequipment.

•  Sometimesthismeansthatjournalshaveasubsidyfromthehostinguniversityorprofessionalsociety.Sometimesitmeansthatjournalschargeaprocessingfeeonacceptedarticles,tobepaidbytheauthorortheauthor’ssponsor(employer,fundingagency).”

ArticleProcessingCharges(APCs)

•  OAjournalsthatchargeprocessingfeesusuallywaivethemincasesofeconomichardship.OAjournalswithinstitutionalsubsidiestendtochargenoprocessingfees.

•  OAjournalscangetbyonlowersubsidiesorfeesiftheyhaveincomefromotherpublications,advertising,pricedadd‐ons,orauxiliaryservices.Someinstitutionsandconsortiaarrangefeediscounts.

•  SomeOApublisherswaivethefeeforallresearchersaffiliatedwithinstitutionsthathavepurchasedanannualmembership.

•  There’salotofroomforcreativityinfindingwaystopaythecostsofapeer‐reviewedOAjournal,andwe’refarfromhavingexhaustedourclevernessandimagination.

(PeterSuber,2008)

PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories

•  OAArchivesorrepositories:OAarchivesorrepositoriesdonotperformpeerreview,butsimplymaketheircontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.Theymaycontainunrefereedpreprints,refereedpostprints,orboth.

•  Archivesmaybelongtoinstitutions,suchasuniversitiesandlaboratories,ordisciplines,suchasphysicsandeconomics.Authorsmayarchivetheirpreprintswithoutanyoneelse’spermission,andamajorityofjournalsalreadypermitauthorstoarchivetheirpostprints.

PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories

•  WhenarchivescomplywiththemetadataharvestingprotocoloftheOpenArchivesInitiative,thentheyareinteroperableanduserscanfindtheircontentswithoutknowingwhicharchivesexist,wheretheyarelocated,orwhattheycontain.

•  Thereisnowopen‐sourcesoftwareforbuildingandmaintainingOAI‐compliantarchivesandworldwidemomentumforusingit.Thecostsofanarchivearenegligible:someserverspaceandafractionofthetimeofatechnician.expensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.

OpenAccess:UnlockingWhatYouDo,SoWhatYouDoGetsRead!

TwoCurrentOfficialRoutes

•  Green:authorsdepositcopyofpre‐printorpost‐printinan“institutionalrepository”orotheropenweb‐site–  Over600openrepositoriesalreadyestablishedworld‐wide

•  Gold:authorspublishinpeer‐reviewedjournalsfundedbypublicationcharges(APCs)ratherthanbylibrarysubscriptions

UKOA:FinchReport

•  “Accessibility,sustainability,excellence:howtoexpandaccesstoresearchpublications.ReportoftheWorkingGrouponExpandingAccesstoPublishedResearchFindings”,DameJudeFinchOBE,June2012

•  Publicly‐fundedresearchneedstobeaccessiblebythepublicwhofundedthatresearch.

FindthatPolicy!http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

27

A cloud based research data management system where you can:

Alternatives!“GetCreditforAllYourResearch”(withDOIs!)

http://figshare.com/

Manage your research outputs privately and securely

Make your research outputs citable, sharable, discoverable

Figshare:AnAlternativeModelofWebSelfarchiving(withDOIs!)

AWholeNewGame(biologicalandmedicalsciences)

https://peerj.com/

“PeerJisanOpenAccesspublisherofscholarlyarticles.Weaimtodrivethecostsofpublishingdown,whileimprovingtheoverallpublishingexperience,andprovidingauthorswithapublicationvenuesuitableforthe21stCentury.”

OpenLibraryofHumanities

AimstoprovideaplatformforOpenAccesspublishingthatis:

•  Reputableandrespectedthroughrigorouspeerreview

•  Sustainable•  Digitallypreservedandsafely

archivedinperpetuity•  Non‐profit•  Openinbothmonetaryand

permissionterms•  Non‐discriminatory(APCsare

waiverable)•  Technicallyinnovativeinresponseto

theneedsofscholarsandlibrarians•  Asolutiontotheserialscrisis

https://www.openlibhums.org/

UbiquityPresshttp://www.ubiquitypress.com/

“Openaccesspublisherofpeer‐reviewed,academicjournals.Ourflexiblepublishingmodelmakesjournalsaffordable,andenablesresearchersaroundtheworldtofindandaccesstheinformationtheyneed,withoutbarriers.”

Yes,PolicyisNotPerfect…

•  …butthesolutioncannotbetogoondoingthingsasusual.

•  HowcanartsandHSSscholarsengageinaconstructivecritiqueofpoliciesthathavealreadybeendecided?

•  HowcanweproactivelyandimaginativelydevelopinnovativeOAmechanismsthatreflectthedifferentscholarlycultures(needs,opportunities,challenges)ofartsandHSSfields?

Sources•  Cham,Jorge(2012)“OpenAccessExplained”PhDComics,alsoavailableon

YouTube,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY•  Priego,Ernesto(2012)“StrategiestoGetyourResearchMentionedOnline”,

Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/strategies‐to‐get‐your‐research‐mentioned‐online/.

•  Priego,Ernesto(2012)‘Insightsfrom“TheFutureofAcademicImpact”’,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐future‐of‐academic‐impact/.

•  Priego,Ernesto(2012)“Insightsfrom“TheNumbersGame”,lecturebyBlaiseCronin”,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐numbers‐game‐lecture‐by‐blaise‐cronin/

•  Suber,Peter,(2008)“AVeryBriefIntroductiontoOpenAccess”http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm

•  SPARC(2004)“OpenAccess”,reportavailableviaOpenAccessWeekhttp://www.openaccessweek.org/page/downloads‐2

•  Othersourcesusedarereferencedinmyblogpostslistedaboveorontheslidesthemselves.

Thankyou!

•  Directfeedback:•  @ernestopriego,

•  http://epriego.wordpress.com/

•  Formorediscussion:#OpenAccess#OA

•  ThisdeckofresearchnotesislicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.