city of fort collins 2005/2006 climate protection status report · 2008. 10. 7. · prepared by the...

Prepared by

The City of Fort Collins Energy Management Team P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522-0580

2008

City of Fort Collins 2005/2006 CLIMATE PROTECTION

STATUS REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary……………………………………………………………....i I. Status of Climate Change Science…………………………………………1 II. Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2005 and 2006 ........………..3

III. City of Fort Collins Municipal GHG Emissions...........................………..5 IV. Status of Climate Protection Efforts............................................................8 General .......................................................................................................10 Climate Wise..................................................................................10 Energy........................................................................................................10 1996 City Energy Code..................................................................10 Fort Collins Electric Energy Supply Policy...................................11 Fort Collins Electricity Distribution System Improvements .........12 Reduce City Building Energy Use 15% per s.f..............................12 Evaluate City Energy Manager and Financing Alternatives..........12 Sustainable Design Guidelines for New City Buildings................12 Wind Power for City Facilities ......................................................13 Replace Incandescent Traffic Signals with LED’s ........................13 Lighting Upgrades in City Buildings (‘93-’04) .............................13 City Government Chillers ..............................................................13 Transportation ............................................................................................14 VMT Goal......................................................................................14 Mason Corridor Project .................................................................15 Alternative Fueled City Fleet Vehicles…………………………..15 ULEV/ZEV Vehicles for City Fleets .............................................15 Solid Waste ................................................................................................15 Fort Collins Waste Reduction Goals..............................................15 Business Recycling ........................................................................15 Residential Recycling ....................................................................16 Methane Flaring and Heat Recovery .............................................16 City Employee Recycling Program ...............................................16 Purchasing/City Administration.................................................................17 SIRE Electronic Document Archive..............................................17 Climate Change Education and Outreach ..................................................17

V. Future Actions ..........................................................................................18

APPENDIX A – Data Sources

LIST OF ACRONYMS AFV alternative fueled vehicle BTU British Thermal Unit CACP Clean Air Climate Protection software developed by ICLEI and STAPPA/ALAPCO CO2 carbon dioxide CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent (methane is converted to CO2e) CCP Cities for Climate Protection CH4 methane CIP capitol improvement projects CMAQ Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality CNG compressed natural gas CSU Colorado State University DOE Department of Energy DSM demand side management (energy conservation) EEP Electric Efficiency Program EIS environmental impact statement EMT (City of Fort Collins) Energy Management Team EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESCO energy services company EVSAG (City of Fort Collins) Economic Vitality and Sustainability Action Group F degrees Fahrenheit GGE gallon of gas equivalent GHG greenhouse gases HVAC heating ventilation air conditioning system IAC Industrial Assessment Center ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ICMA International City/County Management Association IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change kWh kilowatt hour LAP Fort Collins Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions LED light emitting diode LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (U.S. Green Building Council program) LUTRAQ Land Use, Transportation, and Air Quality MMBTU Million British Thermal Units MSW Municipal Solid Waste NCCC Northern Colorado Clean Cities NRD City of Fort Collins Natural Resources department NSR New Source Review (part of the City’s Development Review process) OEMC (Governor’s) Office of Energy Management and Conservation P2 Pollution Prevention PRPA Platte River Power Authority PSD Poudre School District REC renewable energy certificate RFP request for proposal RMCO Rocky Mountain Climate Organization TDM Transportation Demand Management ULEV ultra low emission vehicles VMT vehicle miles traveled ZEV zero emission vehicles ZILCH Zero Interest Loans for Conservation Help

i

Executive Summary

Background

In 1997, Fort Collins joined over 300 cities (now over 700) in the international Cities for Climate Protection Campaign. In doing so, the City made a commitment to conduct a greenhouse gas inventory for the baseline year of 1990, set a greenhouse gas reduction target, and develop a plan for meeting the target. A Staff Technical Team and a Citizen Advisory Committee spent over 18 months developing a climate protection plan for the city. In 1999, Fort Collins City Council adopted the Fort Collins Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (LAP). The City’s greenhouse gas reduction target was established as “30 percent reduction below predicted 2010 levels, by 2010.” The City Council also called for formation of an Energy Management Team to facilitate implementation of the LAP, and preparation of a biennial report to evaluate the City’s progress on greenhouse gas reduction efforts and to recommend future climate protection actions. The first biennial report was completed in April 2001. It showed that Fort Collins’ residents, businesses and the City government together avoided an estimated 190,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in the year 2000 alone. The second biennial report covered the years 2001 and 2002 and estimated that nearly 237,000 tons of CO2e were avoided in Fort Collins in 2001, based on all measures that could be quantified in that year. Quantifiable climate protection activities reduced citywide emissions by 10% in the year 2001. The third biennial report covered the years 2003 and 2004 and estimated that 241,000 tons of CO2e were avoided in Fort Collins in 2004, based on all measures that could be quantified in that year. Quantifiable climate protection activities reduced citywide emissions by 9% in the year 2004. This report is the fourth biennial “Climate Protection Status Report” that the Energy Management Team has prepared for the City Manager. It quantifies greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions levels for 2005 and 2006 and the benefit of greenhouse gas mitigation activities by businesses, citizens, and municipal government in 2005 and 2006.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Level

Greenhouse gas emissions across the city rose from 1.36 million tons of CO2e in 1990 to 2.55 million tons in 2006, an 87% increase. During the same time, population increased by 48%.

Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions (x 1000 Tons CO2e)

2551254023222236

208920101921

1623

1366

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

15.5616.27 16.40 16.79 17.82 18.30

19.89 19.70

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Fort Collins Per Capita Emissions

(Tons CO2e)

16.19

ii

The Status

It is estimated that over 244,000 tons of CO2e were avoided in Fort Collins in 2006, based on all measures that could be quantified in that year. The majority of reductions (40%) came from businesses and organizations through participation in Climate Wise, recycling, purchasing wind power, energy conservation, and trip reduction. Individual citizens were responsible for 36% of the reductions by recycling, purchasing Green Power, and participating in Fort Collins Utility rebate programs. The City government achieved 13% of the citywide reductions through actions such as efficiencies in the electricity distribution system, methane flaring at the wastewater treatment plant and the purchase of wind energy. Fort Collins GHG Reduction Summary Tons CO2e avoided in 2006

Citywide 213,000

Municipal 31,000

Total 244,000

Quantifiable climate protection activities are estimated to have reduced citywide emissions by 8.7% in the year 2006. This is comparable to the reductions achieved in 2004.

2006 Fort Collins Greenshouse Gas Reductions

Energy

38%

Waste

Reduction

51%

Vegetation

11%

Transport

0.4%

2006 Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Reductions

Business

40%

Citizen

36%

City Gov.

13%

Vegetation

11%

Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas

Emissions and Reductions

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1990 2000 2001 2004 2006 2010

1000 T

on

s C

O2e

Reductions

EmissionsBaselineActual

Target

30%

reduction

goal

8.7% reduction

iii

The tables below summarize greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction efforts of residents and businesses (citywide) and of the City government (municipal). Recycling activities continue to account for the largest share of measurable GHG reductions. This is partly because benefits are estimated not only from emissions avoided by not land-filling materials, but also from avoided upstream emissions associated with manufacturing new products. Citywide GHG Reduction Measures

2006 Measures

Tons CO2 reduced in 2006

Citywide Quantifiable Measures


GENERAL

Climate Wise for businesses 62,000

General Total 62,000

ENERGY

1997 City Energy Code 9,900

Demand Side Mgmt Programs 20,000

Wind Renewable Energy 19,000

Rate-Based Renewable Energy 12,000

Energy Total 60,900

TRANSPORTATION

VAN GO in Fort Collins 300

Transportation Total 300

SOLID WASTE

Business Recycling 79,000

Residential Recycling 39,500

Solid Waste Total 118,500

VEGETATION

CO2 Sequestration by trees 26,200

Vegetation Total 26,200

WATER CONSERVATION

Citywide Water conservation 11

Water Total 0

CITYWIDE TOTAL 212,700 1 Each line shows full benefit of program. Double-counted benefits (i.e. overlapping benefits between Climate

Wise partners, Business Recycling, Wind Program, TDM Programs) removed from “Citywide Total.”

iv

Municipal Government GHG Reduction Activities

Municipal Quantifiable Measures

Tons CO2 reduced in

2006

ENERGY

FC Electricity Distribution 24,300

City Wind Energy 1,100

Replace Traffic Signals with LEDs 1,400

Lighting Upgrades – City Buildings: 90-01 100

Chillers 100

Energy Total 27,000

TRANSPORTATION

Alternative Fuels - City Fleet vehicles 700

Hybrid Vehicles - City Fleet vehicles 10


SOLID WASTE

Methane Flaring and Heat Recovery 4,200

City gov recycling 600


PURCHASING/ADMINISTRATION

SIRE Electronic Document Archive 18

Purchasing Total 18

WATER Waterless Urinals 0.2277

Water Total 0.2277

MUNICIPAL TOTAL 30,900

1

I. Status of Climate Change Science……the need for climate

protection continues

February 2006

Greenland Glacier Melt Rate Doubled; Sea Level Expected to Rise Faster At the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) February 16-20 in St. Louis, scientists reported satellite observations showing Greenland’s glaciers melting at twice the rate expected. The authors of the study, which appears in the February 17 issue of Science, reported that the faster melting is the result of a warming trend that makes previous predictions of how quickly ocean levels will rise obsolete. (source: http://www.eesi.org/publications/Newsletters/CCNews/2.17.06%20CCNews.htm)

March 2006

Time Magazine Features Global Warming

The feature article starts, “No one can say exactly what it looks like when a planet takes ill, but it probably looks a lot like Earth. Never mind what you've heard about global warming as a slow-motion emergency that would take decades to play out. Suddenly and unexpectedly, the crisis is upon us.

From heat waves to storms to floods to fires to massive glacial melts, the global climate seems to be crashing around us.” (See http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/03/26/coverstory/index.html for the full story)

July 2006

Climate Change Threat to Pacific Ocean Mangroves

Coping Strategies for Coastal Zone Managers Outlined in New UNEP-Backed Report

Studies released in July 2006 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), indicate that some islands in the region could see over half of the mangroves steadily lost by the end of the century, with the worst hit being American Samoa, Fiji, Tuvalu, and the Federated States of Micronesia.

September 2006

California Passes “Global Warming Solutions Act” (AB 32)

California adopted landmark legislation to create the nation's first economy-wide cap on global warming emissions. The nation's most populous state is the world's 12th-largest emitter of greenhouse gases and could suffer dire consequences if global temperatures increase only a few degrees. California's Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32) aims to cut emissions to 1990

2

levels, or around 25 percent, by 2020 with an enforceable cap and mandatory reporting for top polluters. October 2006

British “Stern” Report Warns Global Warming Could Cripple World Economy

The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is a 700-page report released in October by economist Lord Nicholas Stern.The report concludes that one percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) per year is required to be invested in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change, and that failure to do so could risk global GDP being up to twenty percent lower than it otherwise might be. (See http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/30_10_06_exec_sum.pd for the Executive Summary)

January 2007

2006Warmest Year on Record for U.S.

The 2006 average annual temperature for the contiguous U.S. was the warmest on record and nearly identical to the record set in 1998, according to scientists at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. Seven months in 2006 were much warmer than average, including December, which ended as the fourth warmest December since records began in 1895. (2006 was the Earth's sixth warmest year on record, averaging 0.4°C above the 1961 to 1990 average, according to the World Meteorological Organization.)

3

II. Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2005 and 2006

In 2006, Fort Collins generated approximately 2,551,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e

1). By comparison, 1,366,000 tons of CO2e were generated in 1990, the baseline year against which Fort Collins’ climate protection efforts are measured.2 Data sources are discussed in Appendix A. Table 1 below shows the CO2e emissions by source category, over time.

Figure 1. Fort Collins GHG Emissions, 1990 - 2006 Table 1. Fort Collins GHG Emissions (Tons CO2e)

1,990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Electricity 566,000 693,000 882,000 919,000 951,000 1,098,000 1,137,000 1,217,000 1,226,000

Natural Gas 344,000 375,000 431,000 452,000 482,000 460,000 474,000 469,000 466,000

Transport 423,000 530,000 560,000 581,000 603,000 625,000 646,000 751,000 760,000

Waste 32,000 25,000 48,000 57,000 53,000 53,000 65,000 102,000 99,000

TOTAL 1,366,000 1,623,000 1,921,000 2,010,000 2,089,000 2,236,000 2,322,000 2,540,000 2,551,000

Population 87,758 99,726 118,652 122,521 124,428 125,461 126,903 127,686 129,511

Per Capita 15.56 16.27 16.19 16.40 16.79 17.82 18.30 19.89 19.70 Figures 2 and 3 on the next page compare 1990 and 2006 greenhouse gas emissions, by source. The electricity sector contribution grew from 42% in 1990 to 48% in 2006, while the natural gas percentage dropped from 25 % to 18% of citywide GHG emissions for the same period. The relative increase in electricity generation’s contribution to emissions may be partially attributed to a decreasing relative contribution of hydroelectricity to electricity generation mix, leading to higher average emissions per kWh generated. Other factors contributing to the growth include the increase of air conditioning in homes (fewer than 20%in 1990 to more than 60% by 2006) and the increased plug load of newer buildings. The transportation sector decreased slightly in relative contribution of total GHG emissions from 1990 to 2006.

1 CO2e = Carbon dioxide equivalent. Since methane is 21 times more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, the relative global warming potential of CO2 = 1 and of methane = 21. When methane and carbon dioxide emissions are summed, they are referred to as CO2e, indicating methane has been converted to CO2 equivalent. 2 In May 2003, the Fort Collins greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analyses for 1990, 1995, 1997, and 2000 were updated to reflect new EPA emission factors for municipal solid waste (MSW) incorporated in the CCP software in Fall 2002. Revised MSW emission factors reduce the MSW GHG emissions to practically zero because they take account of carbon sequestered in landfills. See Appendix A for more detail.

Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions

1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

100

0 T

on

s C

O2

e

Waste

Electricity

Natural Gas

Transport

1,366

2,551

4

Fort Collins

2006 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2.55 Million Tons

Electricity

48%

Natural Gas18%

Transport

30%

Waste4%

Fort Collins 1990 Greenhouse Gas Emissions1.366 million tons CO2e

Electricity

42%

Natural Gas

25%

Transport

31%

Waste

2%

Figure 2. 1990 GHG Emissions Figure 3. 200 GHG Emissions Figure 4 illustrates that 2006 per capita emissions dropped slightly below 2005 levels. This can be attributed to reductions in natural gas usage and the amount of solid waste generated. The data used to generate the 2005 and 2006 inventories is shown in Table 2 below.

F Figure 4. Per Capita Emissions

Table 2. 2005 and 2006 Emissions Source Data

Year Electricity

kWh(Purchases)

Natural Gas Therms (wx normalized)

Annual Vehicle Miles

Tons Solid Waste Tons CO2e

2005 1,432,566,000 76,197,750 997,421,370 237,747 2,539,653

2006 1,442,892,000 75,610,490 1,009,655,708 224,700 2,551,112

15.5616.27 16.40 16.79 17.82 18.30

19.89 19.70

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Fort Collins Per Capita Emissions

(Tons CO2e)

16.19

5

III. City of Fort Collins Municipal Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The emissions inventory for the City of Fort Collins municipal activities includes buildings, streetlights, water treatment processes, fleet fuel consumption, and waste generation.

Buildings

Information on electricity consumption from all City facilities and natural gas consumption from all major City buildings was provided by Utilities and Operations Services. Table 3. Building Energy Use

Year Electricity (kWh) Natural Gas2 Total Square Foot MMBTU/Sq Ft Tons CO2

1990 7,396,196 541,920 (ccf) 510,592 0.1577 8,806

2002 16,049,0001 626,658 (ccf) 744,144 0.1415 12,691

2003 17,575,3271 734,284 (ccf) 134,893 mmbtu 19,128

2004 17,974,7551 757,128 (ccf) 138,587 mmbtu 19,908

2005 18,111,0001

15,610,3202 884,493 (therms)

848,483 (excludes a few Util bldgs)

18,2403

2006 18,665,8521

15,925,3652 896,944 (therms)

1,202,932

18,8173

1 kWh includes all metered uses except lighting, water and wastewater treatment, not just major buildings.

2 These 2006 data reflect only buildings used and exclude additional meters., from Utility Manager Report. 3 Municipal GHG Emissions for 2005 onward follow Climate Wise GHG Basline Tool reporting Criteria

Lighting (Streetlights and Traffic Signals)

Table 4. Lighting Energy Use (data provided by Fort Collins Utilities ) What Year kWh

Streetlights 1990 5,920,661









Traffic Signals 1990 1,577,714




Traffic Signals 2002 206,000*

Traffic Signals 2003 866,137




* Reflects benefit of conversion to LED traffic signals

6

Water and Wastewater Treatment Table 5. Water Treatment Energy Use (data from Fort Collins Utilities)

What Year Electricity (kWh) Natural Gas (ccf)

Water Treatment 1990 2,414,990 82,188

Water Treatment 1995 3,404,585 85,156

Water Treatment 1999 3,538,852 67,684

Water Treatment 2002 4,409,239 200,120

Water Treatment 2003 4,139,829 162,370

Water Treatment 2004 4,022,216 139,944

Water Treatment 2005 4,019,5411 125,146

Water Treatment 2006 4,201,6431 129,605 1 Adds electricity from SW pump station

Table 6. Wastewater Treatment Energy Use (data from Fort Collins Utilities)

What Year Electricity (kWh) Natural Gas (ccf)

Wastewater 1990 9,523,280 105,067

Wastewater 1995 1 13,604,848 54,752

Wastewater 1999 13,444,800 63,158

Wastewater 2002 14,365,920 64,070

Wastewater 2003 14,273,040 81,446 2

Wastewater 2004 13,996,480 80,489

Wastewater 2005 13,495,440 38,245

Wastewater 2006 13,508,960 37,011

1 Wastewater plant #1 was down for 1995 due to construction; 1994 numbers were used. 2 Added the natural gas consumption from the East Mulberry plant for the first time.

Fleets Table 7. Fleets Energy Use (data provided by Fleet Services) Year Unleaded Gasoline (gal) Diesel/Biodiesel (gal) Propane (GGE) CNG (GGE)

1990 201,488 97,181 13,035

1995 187,544 80,115 45,875

1999 446,106 419,834 113,768 1,192

2001 495,767 458,778 80,018 1,235

2002 651,933 564,589 59,007 1,446

2003 523,041 448,844 36,747 1,370

2004 512,982 437,315 23,048 1,322

2005 525,088 285,5821 18,425 6,718

2006 540,992 Biodiesel – 358,9501 13,802 8,342 1

Subtracts (bio)diesel purchased by PSD.

Solid Waste Table 8. Municipal Waste Estimates 1990 1995 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 2006

1

Waste removed (full) yd3 21,416 24,540

Waste removed (3/4 full) yd3 12,950 16,062 18,405 23,209 20,657 22,823

Yard Waste (Cubic yards)

# City employees 1,003 1,244 1,308

Per capita yd3 12.9 12.9 18.8

Tons (If ¾ full) @ 300#/yd3 1,943 2,409 2,761 3,481 3481 3,430

Tons CO2 e 232 287 329 415 415 409 6,559 7,279

1990-2004 CO2e emissions from municipal waste were estimated with the CACP software (2003). 1

Tons CO2 calculated using Climate Wise GHG baseline Tool national average emissions factor;excludes freebies,

7

Figures 5 and 6 below show municipal GHG emissions in 1990 and 2006. Municipal GHG emissions have doubled over the past 14 years. In 1990, municipal GHG emissions represented 2.03% of citywide emissions. By 2004, the municipal proportion rose slightly to 2.27%.

Figure 5. 1990 Municipal GHG Emissions Figure 6. 2006 Municipal GHG Emissions

Table 9. Municipal GHG Emission Comparisons (Tons CO2e)

Year Buildings Water/Wastewater Lighting Fleets Waste Other

Electricity TOTAL

1990 8,806 9,894 5,475 3,323 232 27,730

2002 12,691 15,369 5,890 13,860 415 48,225

2004 19,908 16,571 7,543 10,670 409 55,102

20061 18,817 16,040 7,765 7,977 7,278 2,327 61,000

1 For 2005 and 2006, municipal emissions were calculated using the Climate Wise GHG baseline Tool. These data include all electricity purchased by the City, natural gas used in buildings tracked by Utility Manager software, and cubic yards of waste estimated to be collected by the City’s trash hauler. In this methodology, waste emissions subtract the benefit of municipal recycling and exclude “freebies” to the landfill such as wet soil, concrete, etc. None of the municipal inventories reported to date include employee commuting or airline miles, but this may be added to future inventories.

1990 Municipal Greenhouse Gas Emissions

27,729 tons CO2e

Buildings

32%

Water

35%

Lighting

20%

Fleets

12%

Waste

1%

2006 Municipal Emissions

61,000 tons CO2e

Buildings

31%

Other

Electricity

4%

Water

treatment

26%

Water use

1%

Transport

13%

Waste

12%

Traffic/Street

ligths

13%

8

IV. Status of Climate Protection Efforts Tables 9, 10 and 11 summarize the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction benefit of all measures the City was able to quantify for the year 2006. In total, 244,000 tons of CO2e were reduced during the year 2006. Quantifiable climate protection activities are estimated to have reduced citywide emissions by 8.7% in the year 2006. Table 10. GHG Reduction Summary Tons CO2e avoided in 2006

Citywide 213,000

Municipal 31,000

Total 244,000 Table 11. Citywide GHG Reduction Measures

2006 Measures


Citywide Quantifiable Measures


GENERAL

Climate Wise for businesses 62,000

General Total 62,000

ENERGY

1997 City Energy Code 9,900

Demand Side Mgmt Programs 20,000

Wind Renewable Energy 19,000

Rate-Based Renewable Energy 12,000

Energy Total 60,900

TRANSPORTATION

VAN GO in Fort Collins 300


SOLID WASTE

Business Recycling 79,000

Residential Recycling 39,500


VEGETATION

CO2 Sequestration by trees 26,200

Vegetation Total 26,200

WATER CONSERVATION

Citywide Water conservation 11

Water Total 0

CITYWIDE TOTAL 212,700 2 Each line shows full benefit of program. Double-counted benefits (i.e. overlapping benefits between Climate

Wise partners, Business Recycling, and Wind Program, TDM Programs) removed from “Citywide Total.”

9

Table 12. Municipal Government GHG Reduction Activities

Municipal Quantifiable Measures

Tons CO2 reduced in

2006

ENERGY

FC Electricity Distribution 24,300

City Wind Energy 1,100

Replace Traffic Signals with LEDs 1,400

Lighting Upgrades – City Buildings: 90-01 100

Chillers 100

Energy Total 27,000

TRANSPORTATION

Alternative Fuels - City Fleet vehicles 700

Hybrid Vehicles - City Fleet vehicles 10


SOLID WASTE

Methane Flaring and Heat Recovery 4,200

City gov recycling 600


PURCHASING/ADMINISTRATION

SIRE Electronic Document Archive 18

Purchasing Total 18

WATER Waterless Urinals 0.2277

Water Total 0.2277

MUNICIPAL TOTAL 30,900 The measures identified above are described in greater detail in the rest of this report. There are numerous other municipal and private activities and programs that have not been quantified that also contribute to reducing the citywide carbon dioxide emissions. Figure 7 shows the distribution of quantified measures. The majority of reductions (40%) came from businesses and organizations from participating in Climate Wise, recycling, purchasing wind power, energy conservation, and trip reduction. Individual citizens were responsible for 36% of the reductions by recycling, purchasing wind power, and participating in Fort Collins Utility rebate programs. The City government achieved 13% of the reductions through efficiencies in the electricity distribution system, methane flaring at the wastewater treatment plant and the purchase of wind energy.

Figure 7. Distribution of GHG Reduction Measures

2006 Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Reductions

Business40%

Citizen

36%

City Gov.13%

Vegetation

11%

10

♦ Climate Wise for Businesses 2006 Status In 2000, the City of Fort Collins initiated a voluntary greenhouse gas reduction program targeting businesses in the industrial and commercial sectors. The program is a local adaptation of the former federal Climate Wise program and works directly with the Fort Collins business community to achieve a number of important environmental quality goals: air and water pollution prevention, solid waste reduction, energy conservation, and travel demand reduction. Supported by grant funding from the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, and the Colorado Pollution Prevention Advisory Board, the Climate Wise program included 48 local business partners at the end of 2006. The basic goals of the Climate Wise program for the City are: • Encourage local business to reduce their GHG emissions and their impact on the

environment. • Create a strong (friendly) relationship between local business community and the City. • Assist in the implementation of a variety of City environmental programs for local businesses. • Educate partners’ employees about climate change. • Encourage community responsibility. • Help achieve the GHG reduction goal in Fort Collins’ Local Action Plan.

In 2006, partners collectively avoided over 62,200 tons CO2e. Annual cost savings for partners exceeded $2 million in 2006. Since the program's inception, cumulative savings to partners are nearly $6 million.

The Climate Wise program continues to surpass expectations, both in the number of businesses participating and the amount of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The City has also provided recognition, partner networking meetings, partner trainings, and educational materials. For a complete list of Climate Wise businesses, see http://fcgov.com/climatewise

♦ 1997 City Energy Code 2006 Status A comprehensive study was conducted by the City to evaluate the City’s 1996 residential energy code, provide benchmark data about new home design, construction and performance, and to learn more about residential air conditioning practices and impacts. Results were published in 2002. The study yielded a wealth of information about both problems and opportunities in new housing. City staff presented study findings to many audiences and developed consumer information materials about new home choices. The 2004 update to the residential energy code was designed to address issues revealed in the New Home Study.

GENERAL

ENERGY

11

GHG benefit from the City 1996 energy code is based on study results indicating that homes built under the code realize a 16% reduction in natural gas consumption, on average, when compared with homes built prior to the code change.

♦ Fort Collins Electric Energy Supply Policy 2006 Status Fort Collins’ City Council adopted a new Electric Energy Supply Policy in March 2003. One of the primary objectives of the policy is to reduce the environmental impact of electricity generation through conservation, energy efficiency, load management and the increased use of renewable energy. The policy includes the following specific targets for energy conservation and renewable energy:

o Reduce per capita electric consumption 10% from the baseline of 2002, by the year 2012. The 10% per capita consumption reduction target will reduce overall electric consumption approximately 16% by 2012.

o Work with Platte River Power Authority to increase the City's percentage of renewable energy to 2% by the end of 2004, and to 15% by the year 2017.

Both targets support the LAP efforts to reduce citywide carbon dioxide emissions. The per capita energy goal combined with the renewable energy goal is projected to account for up to 12% of the City’s 1.1 million tons CO2 reduction goal in 2010. Many of the renewable energy and demand side management (DSM) measures discussed below are the direct result of the Electric Energy Supply Policy. Information about the Demand Side Management programs and the Green Power programs can be found in the “Electric Energy Supply Policy: 2006 Annual Update” report, available from Fort Collins Utilities. The following tables summarizes the greenhouse gas benefits of these programs. Table 13: 2006 Energy Policy Avoided Greenhouse Gas Emissions (tons CO2)

Description CO2 tons Notes

Demand side management 13,532 annual savings from 2002 through 2005 programs

RFR Progam CFC-11 Destruction 6,732 one time savings from 2004 through 2006 programs

Wind Program renewable energy 19,422 2006 only

Rate based renewable energy 12,042 2006 only

Energy Policy Total 51,728

12

Table 14: 2006 DSM Program Avoided Greenhouse Gas Emissions (tons CO2)

Program 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total

Annual

Program

Savings

Clothes Washer Rebate Program NA 103 154 70 76 327

Cooling Rebate Program 131 131 170 139 8 571

Refrigerator and Freezer Recycling

Program

NA NA 565 389 286 954

Residential Lighting Program NA NA 97 1,199 962 1,296

Electric Efficiency Program 167 1,029 1,543 3,063 2,201 5,802

Integrated Design Assistance

Program

516 76 426 31 0 1,049

Total DSM Annual Savings 814 1,339 2,955 4,891 3,533 13,532

♦ Fort Collins Electricity Distribution System Improvements

Status: Fort Collins has made substantial investments to keep its distribution losses low, even as population growth necessitates system expansion. Fort Collins' entire system uses oversized conductors to reduce normal operating losses and to provide enough system capacity to allow backfeeds in the event of system failures. The methodology used here compares Fort Collins' distribution system losses against a national average of 5.0%, taking credit for "reductions" when losses are lower than the national average. The cumulative effects of these improvements since 1990 accounted for savings of 28,819 MWh in 2006 The corresponding CO2 reduction was 24,300 tons. Since 1990, these activities have cumulatively saved over 260,000 tons of CO2.

♦ Evaluate Advantages of City Energy Manager and Financing Alternatives 2006 Status In 2004, an interdepartmental committee was formed to explore alternatives such as lease-purchase, performance contractor, etc. to achieve increased energy efficiency in City facilities and to investigate the advantages of establishing a City Energy Manager. This committee met for several months and developed recommendations to begin the process of entering into an energy performance contract and to fill an energy manager position. In 2006, the City hired Johnson Controls to conduct audits of major City facilities and then propose a package of efficiency upgrades that they can guarantee.

♦ Sustainable Design Criteria for New City Buildings

2006 Status On September 5, 2006, Fort Collins City Council voted to raise the bar on energy efficiency and environmental design by adopting a resolution stating all new construction of city-owned buildings will achieve LEED “Gold” certification. Fort Collins became only the third city in the nation to set this high standard, joining Scottsdale, AZ and Portland, OR. Green buildings save money over their life time by reducing utility costs, operation and maintenance expenses. Green buildings have also shown that they improve worker productivity by 15%. LEED certified projects can be built for little to no incremental cost as long as the commitment is made up front and the design teams have experience with LEED standards. To assure city dollars are spent in the most efficient manner possible, the resolution also states that

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if the incremental cost of achieving a LEED Gold certification has a payback greater than 10 years, the City may opt to seek the LEED Silver certification instead. As of the end of 2006, the City had a LEED-Silver certified Vehicle Storage Facility and has two more buildings under construction that are seeking LEED certification: the Aztlan Center and the Police Services Facility.

♦ Wind Power for City Facilities 2006 Status Since July 2000, the City of Fort Collins has purchased wind energy from one 660 kW turbine to cover a portion of its own municipal electricity needs. The energy costs are pro-rated among the City’s own electric accounts based on energy usage. In 2006, the City purchased almost 2,300 MWh of wind energy to partially power City facilities.

♦ Replace Incandescent Traffic Signals with LEDs

2003-2004 Status Retrofitting traffic signals to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was originally rated as the City’s highest priority greenhouse gas reduction measure, receiving the # 1 rating from both the Staff Technical Team and the Citizen Advisory Committee that developed the City’s Local Action Plan (LAP). The major retrofit effort occurred in 2001, when 160 intersections were retrofitted, except for Yellows and the Walk and Don’t Walk signals. In 2002, Traffic Operations took the initiative to meter the savings at each intersection. Since then, the City has installed all new traffic signals as LEDs. In 2006, pedestrian signals were also converted to LEDs. By the end of 2006, the use of LED traffic signals had reduced traffic signal electricity consumption by over 1.57 million kWh/year, resulting in over 730 tons CO2e not released each year.

♦ Lighting Upgrades in City Buildings (1993 – 2004) 2006 Status Numerous lighting projects have been implemented in City buildings since the early 1990’s. In March 2001, induction lighting was installed in the City parking garage at Mountain Avenue and Remington Street. In addition to using lower wattage induction lighting, Utilities Design Assistance program optimized placement of the light, the interior of the garage was painted white, and daylighting controls were installed. These efforts increased the light levels by a factor of 3 to 5 while keeping energy use the same and improving visibility. In 2004, lighting was upgraded at the EPIC Ice Area and in the pool area. By 2006, total annual savings for lighting projects quantified to date since 1996 totaled 74 tons of CO2e. Many more lighting upgrades have been implemented since 1990, such as replacement of EXIT signs with LEDs in buildings, but the installations have not been documented well enough to calculate CO2 benefits.

♦ City Government Chillers

2006 Status One chiller was removed from EPIC in 2004, so now both ice rinks are operating on the chiller that was installed in 2002 for the new ice rink. Energy savings were realized after the chiller was removed. Cumulative benefits from other chiller upgrades in past years resulted in 71 tons CO2 avoided in 2006.

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♦ VMT Goal: VMT not to exceed population growth rates 2006 Status City Plan (1996) included an aggressive goal, to reduce the Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) growth rate so it would not exceed the population growth rate. The City Plan Monitoring

Project: 2001 Indicators Report found that between 1995 and 2000, vehicle mile traveled (VMT) growth rates (4.9%/year) did exceed population growth rates (3.4%/year). Exceedance of this trigger initiated a review process, which was undertaken as a part of a full City Plan update. When City Council updated City Plan (2004), however, they recognized that the previous goal of bringing the VMT growth rate down to the level of population growth rate was unrealistic in the short term. Therefore, the Council changed the VMT policy goal to read:

Policy T-91. The City will continually strive to reduce the growth rate in VMT by implementing a VMT reduction program that strives to meet or exceed the performance of similar programs in comparable cities.

In 2006, the City hired the Victoria Transport Policy Institute, along with the Brendle Group to complete a “Mobility Management Best Practices” review. (See http://fcgov.com/airquality/pdf/mm-best-practices06.pdf) This paper reviews what the most effective cities are doing to reduce VMT and recommends actions for consideration in Fort Collins.

♦ Mason Corridor Project 2006 Status In October 2000, the Fort Collins City Council approved the overall Master Plan for the Mason Street Transportation Corridor (MSTC). The MSTC was envisioned as a five mile, N-S multi-modal corridor that would provide Bus Rapid Transit service and bike and pedestrian facilities, enhance citizen mobility, and implement critical components of the City’s Structure and Transportation plans. The City has moved ahead with the construction of the bike and pedestrian trail portion along a 3.5 mile segment between Prospect Road and Fossil Creek Trail, south of Harmony. This segment of the corridor is funded through the Colorado Department of Transportation and the 1997 “Building Community Choices” tax initiative. It is anticipated that construction of this segment will be completed in 2005/2006, offering a convenient N-S route for cyclists and pedestrians.

♦ Alternative Fueled City Fleet Vehicles 2006 Status In 2006, the entire City fleet was converted to 100 % biodiesel. Approximately 269,000 gallons of B20 were used, resulting in 606 tons of CO2e avoided when compared to emissions from combusting petroleum diesel fuel. In addition, the City’s alternative fueled vehicles used 13,802 gallons of gas equivalent (GGE) of propane and 8,342 GGE of compressed

TRANSPORTATION

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natural gas (CNG). This emitted 56 fewer tons of CO2 than if the same number of gallons of gasoline were used.

♦ ULEV/ZEV Vehicles for City Fleet 2006 Status In 2006, the City had eleven hybrid/electric vehicles (Toyota Prius and Honda Civic). Over 10 tons of CO2e were avoided in 2006, based on the increased fuel efficiency of the hybrids when compared to a comparable non-hybrid fleet vehicle.

♦ Fort Collins Waste Reduction Goals (Divert 50% by 2010) In November, 1999 the City Council adopted a policy for diverting solid waste from landfill disposal with a goal of 35% by the year 2004, and 50% by the year 2010.

♦ Business Recycling 2006 Status GHG reductions from recycling activities carried out by independent businesses are estimated at 79,000 tons of CO2e for the year 2006. This includes over 5,500 tons of paperboard recycled, as well as 4,700 tons of commingled materials.

♦ Residential Recycling

2006 Status In 2006, the City calculated that nearly 60,245 tons of materials were recycled by residential customers. Commodities included over 1,200 tons of mixed paper, 2,800 tons of commingled bottles and cans, and 523 tons of cardboard and paperboard. Collectively, citizens’ recycling activities equate to nearly 39,500 tons CO2e reduced in the year 2006. 2006 also brought the advent of single-stream recycling, and the addition of cardboard and paperboard to the list of items citizens could recycle through the curbside recycling program. Also in 2006, a draft “Five Year Strategic Plan” was prepared by a consulting firm to recommend approaches Fort Collins could use to increase its diversion rate from 24%.

♦ Methane Flaring and Heat Recovery at the Wastewater Treatment Plant 2006 Status The City's main wastewater treatment plant currently uses a significant amount of the methane (CH4) produced from wastewater treatment processes to power boilers located at the facility. The boilers are used to keep the digesters at the proper temperature and to heat a number of buildings on the wastewater treatment site. Unused gas is flared off, emitting carbon dioxide but eliminating potent methane emissions. In 2001, a fourth anaerobic digester was built at the Drake Water Reclamation facility and a third boiler was added to the system. The total system now includes four digesters with gas storage lids and three boilers. Total gas production has not increased, but methane consumption has dropped, due to the higher efficiency of the new boiler. This process of using the heat energy generated by methane combustion for

SOLID WASTE

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power generation and flaring off the remaining gas is estimated to avoid over 4,000 tons of CO2e/year in 2006.

♦ City Employee Recycling Program 2006 Status The City has operated a successful internal recycling program since the early 1980’s. Employees are encouraged to recycle catalogues, magazines, blueprints, phone books, junk mail, office paper, cardboard, and aluminum, steel, glass, and plastic containers. Each employee is responsible for depositing recycled material into special collection containers centrally located in each building. The City contracts with a private vendor for recycling collection pick-up. Each department or building is charged a monthly fee based on the frequency of pick-up service. Table 15 shows recent greenhouse gas benefits from the internal City recycling program. Table 15. Internal City Recycling Program

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Tons Recycled Materials

70 75 90 115 125 118 122 124 (plus 3

tons of “Other”) 127 (Plus 10 tons

of “Other”)

Tons CO2 reduced 342 366 433 553 602 565 582 4131 424 1

1 Calculated using the Climate Wise GHG Baseline Tool

♦ SIRE Electronic Document Archive

2006 Status Like many organizations, Fort Collins has looked to electronic document management technology as a means to control and effectively manage the explosive growth of electronic documents. Over the past several years, the City has implemented an enterprise electronic document management system called SIRE (Store Index Retrieve Exchange) and achieved reasonable success. The benefits of this system are far-reaching, and include ensuring that the organization can continues to function in the event of a disaster and the ability to protect its business and legal interests. SIRE enables the organization to share documents throughout City departments, anticipate customers' needs by making public records more available (i.e., over the Internet), and reduce the need for mass duplication and physical storage of documents. By the end of 2006, over 2 million pages of documents were archived, with 925,00 pages added to the archive since 2004. GHG benefits are calculated based on the reduced need to manufacture paper.

♦ Climate Education and Outreach Efforts 2006 Status Climate Staffing

Numerous City staff supported climate protection by serving on the interdepartmental Energy Management Team. This Team was convened by the City Manager to oversee implementation

PURCHASING/ CITY ADMINISTRATION

CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH

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of the City’s Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. The Team met approximately every two months throughout 2005 and 2006. In 2005/2005, Climate Wise program staffing was maintained at a level 0f 1.0 FTE, in addition to the City staff working on the Climate Wise team. In addition, financial support for consulting assistance was provided to the Climate Wise program from the city budget. Public Education and Outreach

Climate Change educational display was placed in City offices periodically throughout 2005/2006 and the Climate Protection Web page was maintained. The 2006 “Track to Win” Air Quality contest focused on the theme of climate protection and was launched at the fall 2006 Rocky Mountain Sustainability Living Fair. Participants were asked to track their carbon-reducing behaviors for a two month period and then submit their tracking sheets to be entered into prize drawings. 189 citizen participated, reducing a total of 349 tons CO2e through their efforts. Actions included 180 ‘first time” behaviors for participants. Climate Wise Partner Recognition

In April 2006, the first annual EnvirOvation – A Climate Wise Showcase was held to recognize existing partners and recruit new partners. The event was held at the Fort Collins Holiday Inn, in conjunction with the Northern Colorado Business report’s first annul “Green Summit”.

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V. FUTURE ACTIONS

In 2006, the Energy Management Team began to discuss the need to update Fort Collins climate plan, recognizing that we are not on track to meet the 2010 goal. In the fall of 2006, the Fort Collins Sustainability Group approached City Council, asking for a task force to be formed to update the plan. In March of 2007, City Council passed Resolution 2007-015, authorizing the City Manager to convene a task force to update Fort Collins climate plan and recommend a future direction for climate protection. In light of the anticipated Task Force work, the Energy Management Team did not take further steps to recommend future actions for inclusion in this status report.

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APPENDIX A

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ANALYSIS

EMISSIONS FACTORS

and

DATA SOURCES

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Background

Over time, emission factors used to calculate both Fort Collins’ emissions inventory and the CO2

benefit of measures have evolved. In 2003, all emissions inventories were updated to use the best emissions factors available at that time. In 2007, three changes were made to calculation methodology:

• Communitywide VMT data were obtained form the NFR MPO TransCad model for Fort Collins, instead of using the City’s 2001 LUTRAQ projection of 4.9% annual VMT growth rate.

• Municipal solid waste was calculated using an updated Larimer County Landfill Waste Characterization (2006 vs. 1997) and the total tons of municipal solid waste were calculated based on data compiled by Skumatz for the development of the Solid Waste Strategic Plan.

• CO2e emissions from methane flaring at the Wastewater treatment facilities were added to the inventory.

The emissions factors used and the changes discussed in more detail below.

EMISSIONS FACTORS

Electricity

kWh x .003412 = MMBTU MMBTU x 0.249 = 2005 Tons CO2 for citywide emission inventory MMBTU x 0.249 = 2006 Tons CO2 for citywide emission inventory MMBTU x 0.136** = Tons CO2 for electricity reduction measures History of the “Average” and “Marginal” Emissions factors used in Fort Collins’ Status Report

Year

Average Factor (tons CO2/MMBtu)

Marginal Factor (tons CO2/MMBtu)

1990, 1995, 1997 0.214 0.334

2000, 2001, 2002 0.214 0.308

2003 0.242 0.136

2004 0.247 0.136

2005 0.249 0.136

2006 0.249 0.136 Average Emission Rate for City Resource Mix – the total CO2 emissions resulting from all the resources that make up a city’s energy supply (hydro, coal, gas, renewables) divided by the city’s total annual energy use. This is the value used when det4ermining a city’s carbon inventory for electricity purchased by PRPA. Marginal Emission Rate – the avoided CO2 emissions that results from energy conservation or renewable energy generation. This figure is based on the fact that as conservation or renewables reduce the need for other generation, the marginal generation resources with the highest variable cost will be taken off line first. High cost resources tend to have lower-than-average CO2 emissions.

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Data from PRPA on Electricity Emissions Factors

Weighted Average Emissions Factor Trend3/25/2003, and

3/15/05

Coal Gas Hydro Wind Purchases*

1997 64.8% 35.2% 0.0% 1,360.8 0.199

1998 66.4% 33.5% 0.1% 1,394.4 0.204

1999 67.8% 32.0% 0.2% 1,423.8 0.209

2000 69.2% 30.2% 0.6% 1,453.2 0.213

2001 76.8% 22.5% 0.7% 1,612.8 0.236

2002 - -

2003 - Average 73.0% 2.0% 24.0% 1.0% 1,652.6 0.242

2004 - Average 74.0% 3.0% 21.0% 2.0% 1,686.0 0.247

2004 - Marginal 10.7% 89.3% 930.3 0.136

2005 - Average 73.0% < 1% 19.0% 1.0% 6.0% 1,698.0 0.249

2005 - marginal** 1,380.0 0.202

2006 - Average 1,698.0 0.249

2006 - Marginal 1,380.0 0.202

* 2005 Rawhide extended outage led to more outside purchases - -

** 2005 marginal rate calculation methodology changed - -

Weighted average emissions

factor

Share of Platte River Resource Mix lbs CO2 per

MWh

tons CO2 per

MMBtu

Natural Gas

MMBTU x 0.0616 = Tons CO2 for citywide emission inventory and natural gas reduction measures Transportation

MPG from original GHG Emissions Inventory, other Conversion Factors from the CACP Software, June 2005

M PG

gallons to

MMBTU

M M BTU to

tons CO2e

Gasoline/gasohol

Car 19.70 0.125 0.0824

Lt trck/psngr van 14.30 0.125 0.0824

Other truck(hdgv) 8.00 0.125 0.0824

Bus/other 0.125 0.0824

Diesel fuel

Car 30.00 0.122 0.086

Lt trck/psngr van 17.00 0.122 0.086

Other truck(HDDV) 5.00 0.122 0.086

Bus/other 4.90 0.122 0.086

Propane

Car 14.28 0.091 0.0723

Lt trck/psngr van 10.37 0.091 0.0723

CNG

Car 19.70 0.091 0.0616

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Solid Waste Emissions Inventory Factors (Tons MSW x Coefficient = Tons CO2e)

Coeff

Paper & paper products 1.21035

Food waste 1.12964

Plant debris (0.16136)

Wood, furniture, textiles (0.24207)

All other waste 0.0

Source: CACP Software, June 2005 Recycling

Material Factor

Cardboard 3.873

Glass 0.322

Aluminum 17.752

Steel 2.017

Plastic (avg HDPE/PET) 2.078

HDPE Plastic 1.977

PET plastic 2.179

Newspaper 3.428

Office Paper 6.779

Mixed Office Paper 5.084

Mixed General paper 3.711

Household Paper 3.51

Magazines 2.829

Phone Books 3.476

Text books 7.267

Fiberboard 1.698

General mixed paper 3.711

Wood 1.694

Mixed Recyclables 3.817

Source: CACP Software, June 2003

2005/2006 EMISSION AUDIT

ELECTRICITY

Data Source: Fort Collins Utilities, Ellen Switzer, Fort Collins Utilities, (970) 221-6714 (These data are not weather normalized.)

2005 2006

Residential kWh 453,822,000 467,812,000

Commercial kWh 482,959,000 481,341,000

Industrial kWh 495,786,000 454,720,000

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When calculating tons CO2, the coefficient of 0.249 tons CO2/ MMBtu was used, as requested by Platte River Power Authority. This emission factor takes into account the mix of sources for local electricity (Rawhide, hydro, and a small amount of wind energy) during 2005 and 2006. NATURAL GAS

Data Source: Xcel Energy, Glenn Monroe, Xcel Energy, (303)294-2392; [email protected]

2005 Natural Gas

Weather Adjusted NORMAL SALES (therms)

Residential 33,428,360

Commercial 13,482,290

Industrial 29,997,690

TOTAL 76,908,340

WEATHER

2006 WEATHER ADJ

ACTUAL NORMAL ACTUAL NORMAL BASE HEATING HEATING NORMAL

SALES HDD HDD FACTOR LOAD LOAD LOAD SALES

RESIDENTIAL 2,922,660 6238 5550 1.12396 759,892 2,162,768 2,430,865 3,190,757

COMMERCIAL 1,221,100 402,963 818,137 919,553 1,322,516 IND & TRANSPORT 3,047,776 3,047,776

TOTAL 7,191,536 7,561,049

TRANSPORTATION

Communitywide VMT have been calculated for Fort Collins from 2001 through 2004 based on the 2001 City LUTRAQ Team report that estimates a VMT growth rte of 4.9%/year for 1990-1998. (See http://fcgov.com/climateprotection/pdf/ctf-res-lutraq.pdf .) The LUTRAQ report projected this annual growth rate out to the year 2005, as shown in the table below. City VMT Estimates

YEAR LUTRAQ TOTAL DAILY VMT IN THE

FORT COLLINS COMMUNITY GROWTH

AREA (based on 4.9%/ yr growth)

City VMT Estimate (2007)

1998 2,800,000 1999 2,930,000 2000 3,080,000 2,531,071 2001 3,230,000 2,629,354

2002 3,390,000 2,727,637 2003 3,550,000 2,825,920 2004 3,730,000 2,924,203 2005 3,910,000 3,022,486

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The LUTRAQ estimated annual VMT growth rate, while based on a sound methodology in 2001, becomes less certain as times goes on. It does not reflect ground-truth data since 2001. Additionally, it is not sensitive enough to reflect any actual changes in VMT levels as a result of mode shift or reduced driving. For these reasons, the 2005 and 2006 Fort Collins VMT in this status report was based on modeled data taken from the NFR MPO TransCad model. It is appropriate to shift to this data source in 2005, since the model was calibrated against traffic counts in 2005. Changing methodology, however, results in an apparent rather than actual drop in VMT between 2004 and 2005. Summary of Community-Wide VMT estimates for Fort Collins used in Status Reports

Year Annual VMT Data Source

2000 1,062,735,845 Applying 6.3% annul growth rate from 1998 VMT levels

2001 1,065,900,000 LUTRAQ growth estimate - 3,230,00 VMT/day * 330




2005 997,420,380

City VMT = 3,022,486/ day * 330 day/yr (Traffic Count Calibrated TransCad model data)

2006 1,029,853,770 City VMT = 3,120,769/ day * 330 day/yr

Carbon emissions from the transportation sector are calculated as follows. Fuel consumption, by fuel type, was calculated using the following steps: 1) Identify total Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT).

Annual VMT for 2005 = 997,420,380 Annual VMT for 2006 = 1,029,853,770

2) Apportion total VMT among the percentage of vehicle types in Fort Collins estimated by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) for emissions modeling purposes.

3) Multiply the annual number of miles driven (by fuel type) by an estimated MPG to yield

gallons fuel consumed 4) Apply emissions coefficients to convert from gallons of fuel to BTU’s to CO2.

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Vehicle type VMT percent Avg MPG

Conversion factor Conversion factor

Gasoline car 50.0 19.7 0.125 MMBtu/gallon 0.0824 tons Co2/MMBtu

Gasoline light truck 38.0 14.3 0.125 MMBtu/gallon 0.0824 tons Co2/MMBtu

Gasoline heavy truck 3.6 8.0 0.125 MMBtu/gallon 0.0824 tons Co2/MMBtu

Diesel car 0.1 30.0 0.122 MMBtu/gallon 0.086 tons Co2/MMBtu

Diesel light truck 0.2 17.0 0.122 MMBtu/gallon 0.086 tons Co2/MMBtu

Diesel heavy duty 8.1 5.0 0.122 MMBtu/gallon 0.086 tons Co2/MMBtu

VMT Mix - MPO Mobile Model

LDGV LDGT1234 HDGV LDDV LDDT HDDV TOTAL

Earlier 63.6 28.9 2.3 0.9 0.4 3.9 100

6/'2004 50.00 37.98 3.57 0.12 0.16 8.14 100

SOLID WASTE

The method for calculating solid waste in Fort Collins was modified again slightly as compared to the 2003/2004 status report. For 2005, the solid waste emissions inventories were calculated using the reported trash hauler tons PLUS the “unaccounted for tonnage” revealed by a 2004 SERA study. 2005 MSW = 237,747 tons. Similarly, for 2006, the total tons MSW are 203,666, including the trash hauler data plus 50 unaccounted for tons.

The conversion from tons MSW to tons CO2 was calculated by the CACP software (June 2005) using the following characterization of landfill waste. The landfill waste characterization report can be found at http://www.larimer.org/solidwaste/WasteSort.htm

Percent of Waste Old data used in past reports

Material 2006 1997**

Paper 25.50% 23.6

Food Waste 13.20% 7.1

Plant Debris 6.60% 13.4

Wood/Textiles 11.20% 22.6

All Other 43.50% 33.3

Total 100 % 100 %

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Please contact Lucinda Smith at the City of Fort Collins Natural Resources Department (970) 224-6085 with any comments or questions about information contained in this Appendix.

city of fort collins 2005/2006 climate protection status report · 2008. 10. 7. · prepared by the...

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