city halls of germany
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented in alphabetical order
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Perspectives on the Nature of German City Halls“The architecture and ornamentation of city halls and the activities they housed embodied the efforts of
the citizens to set themselves apart from other dominant secular and religious institutions, such as royal
dynasties and the Catholic and Protestant churches. City halls were the sites of local governance or
administration and also sites of festivals and rituals that helped construct a sense of collective or shared
identity while legitimizing the authority of those individuals or groups that actually exercised some
measure of power in the cities. Sculptures on façades celebrated local notables alongside important
dynastic or national figures. The buildings thus linked civic authority with the performance of civic pride.”
— Jeffry M. Diefendorf, "Rebuilding City Halls in Postwar Germany: Architectural Form and Identity”
“We call events and occasions public when they are open to all, in contrast to closed or exclusive affairs as
when we speak of public spaces or public buildings. But, as in the expression public building, the term
need not refer to general accessibility; the building does not even have to be open to public traffic. Public
buildings simple house state institutions and as such are public.
— Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere
“Art was not morally neutral but worked in the service of virtue… Ornament was not crime, but the
addition of beauty and instruction to the satisfaction of material needs. Art began precisely where utility
broke off. Form was not to follow function, but to transcend it. Any evidence of restraint, understatement,
or, worst of all, parsimony, will subvert its intention.”
— Donald Olsen, The City as a Work of Art
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Augsburg
1615-1624; Elias Holl, architect
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Perspective drawing of Augsburg city hall by Theodor Fischer, 1886
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Augsburg “Golden Room” ceiling
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Golden Room Interior (panoramic photo)
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Golden Room door latch (photo by Heribert Pohl)
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Wide-angle view of the restored "Prince's Room" -- originally used to house
distinguished guests of the town council (photo by Kubische Panoramen)
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Details of stove in the Prince's Room (photo by Rainer Fritz) -- note the Augsburg
pinecone atop the ionic capital in the left panel)
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Bamberg
1467; additions in 1756 by Jakob Küchel
The bishop of Bamberg refused to allow the citizens to build a city hall on any land under the control of the church. So the townspeople created
an artificial island in the Regnitz river and built their town hall there.
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Bamberg Facade Painting by Anwar Johann
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3-D "signature" by mural painter Johann Anwander (photo: Wikimedia Commons)
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Bamberg Main Entrance
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Balcony detail (photo: Wikimedia Commons)
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Berlin (Rotes Rauhaus)
(Hermann Friedrich Waesemann, architect) 1861-1869
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Berlin (Rotes Rauhaus) tower
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Berlin (Rotes Rauhaus) stairway
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The new style: mayor's office in the Rotes Rathaus
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Bremen1405-1409; renovated 1595-1612 (Lüder von Bentheim, architect)
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Bremen Meeting Hall
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Meeting Hall Ship Model (photo by Jürgen Howalt)
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The Golden Room and wallpaper detail, by Heinrich Vogeler, 1905 (photos by Jobenau, left, and Birnbaum, right
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Bremen City Hall ratskeller with barrel of 1653 wine
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The Bacchus Dining Room in the City Hall Ratskeller
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Cologne (Köln)
14th-19th century, multiple architects
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Cologne detail
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Platzjabbeck, the grotesque face that sticks out his tongue on the hour
With Saints Evergisius, Severin, and Maternus (first bishop of Cologne)
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Cologne interior door
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Düsseldorf
1570-1573; H. Tussmann architect; redesigned in 1749 by Joseph Couven
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Düsseldorf city hall door (photo by John Hagstrom)
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Düsseldorf coat of arms on city hall
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DüsseldorfChristmas market in City Hall square
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Frankfurt
1435, 1510,1542,1596,1896-1900; multiple architects
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Balcony on Frankfurt city hall
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"Bridge of Sighs" (leading to tax collector's office) and the Ratskeller (lower left)
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Ratskeller entrance door (photo by Heribert Pohl)
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Frankfurt ratskeller side gate (detail)
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Freiburg
1559; Dietrich Neeb, architect; new city hall buildings (originally private houses) on left linked to old in 1901
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Freiburg
Freiburg im Breisgau Old City Hall; begun in the fourteenth century, and often altered
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Clock and bells (detail)
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FreiburgDoor on older building
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Freiburgwindow on newer building
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Meeting room in the "new" section of city hall
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Gernsbach
1617-1618; Hans Jakob Kast, architect
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Bay window detail
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Gernsbach Coat of Arms
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Hamburg
1886-1897; seven architects, led by Martin Haller
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Tower top and finial<img src="http://static.squarespace.com/static/53b9abe9e4b0366641161844/t/548bc619e4b04ff00dd44bff/1418446361152/" />
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Tower top and finial
Note the Hamburg coat of arms against the red background The seal dates from the 13th century, and may only be used on government documents or buildings.The Latin inscription below the seal and above a mosaic representation of Hammonia, patron goddess of the city says:
May posterity strive to preserve the freedom won by our forebearers
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City Hall inner courtyard with the Fountain of Hygieia, classical goddess of health (photo by Ulrich Kerstling)
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Hamburg Parliament Chamber
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Senate Room (photo by Luxtonnere)
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Music Gallery -- note lights and music stands in the balcony
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Christmas Tree in Hamburg City Hall
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Hannover
1902-1913; Hermann Eggert and Gustav Halmhuber, architects
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Hannover, night view
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Interior beneath the dome
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Meeting room, with a mural of local hero Dietrich Arnsborg urging the citizens of Hannover in 1563 to affirm the Reformation.
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Hannover seen from the city hall
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Old Hannover City Hall
1410; renovated by Conrad Wilhelm Hase, 1877-1891
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Old Hannover City Hall (detail)
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Old Hannover City Hall: figures in the roof brickwork
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Detail with sculptured head of Conrad Wilhelm Hase, architect
of the renovated old city hall,m 1877-1891
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Heidelberg1701-1703; 1886-1890; multiple architects
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Heidelberg detail (Coat of Arms)Present coat of arms is a copy of the original by Heinrich Charrasky
For a reading of the symbolism, click here: http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/Galerien/galerie1021.htm
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Stained glass representation of Karl-Ludwig I in the main meeting hall (photo by Michael Linnenbach)
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Dramatic HDR image of the towers and shields (photo by Square Eyes)
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Lübeck
1226-1308; 1435; 1570-1572; multiple architects
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Baroque and Gothic (photo by Laurent Goletz)
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Decorated oriel and balcony
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Two views (unrestored and restored) of the balcony volutes (top photo by groenling)
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Interior stairwell (photo by vazyvite)
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Lübeck interior ceiling
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Gothic revival wall and Art Nouveau decorations (photo by Jean Pierre Hinze)
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Lübeck Audience Hall Doors
Formerly courtroom doors. Defendants judged innocent left by the taller door on the left;
guilty defendants had to duck their heads and exit through the lower door on the right.
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Lübeck —> Lubbock
The city hall in the Texas town where I grew up
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Munich Old City Hall
1392-1394;1470-1480;1861-1864; replaced by new city hall
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Festival Hall
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Munich Old City HallMorris Dancers by Erasmus Grasser (1480)
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Morris Dancer in Munich Today (The Munich Morisken Dancers photo)
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Munich1867-1908; Georg von Hauberrisser, architect
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Munich Glockenspiel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1x3GrJFoyA&spfreload=10
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Munich detail
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Munich details
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Iron Door Detail
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Munich city hall ratskeller entrance (photo by License to Crennelate)
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Neumunster1898-1900; Magnus Schlichting, architect
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Neumunster facade detail
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Mosaic honoring the crafts
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Nuremberg1571-1620; Jakob Wolff the Younger, architect
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West Exterior Facade
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Entrance to the dining hall; over the entrance are: Alexander the Great, the leopard beast with four heads (from
the Book of Daniel), Julius Caesar and the beast with ten horns; in the center is the Nuremberg coast of arms,
representing its status as a Free Imperial City (right) and a member of the Holy Roman Empire (left)
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NurembergMedieval dungeon and torture chamber below ground floor
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The Great Hall before 1945
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The Great Hall after 1945
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Reconstruction plans for the Dürer mural in the Great Hall
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Paderborn1613-1620; Hermann Baumhauer, architect
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Paderborn detail
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Hallway and stairs with sections of the old building
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From the original building, only the stair railing remains in the ascent to the second floor
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Rothenburg
1250-1400; 1572-1578; Leonhard Weidmann architect (second stage)
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Detail, Roof and Oriels
Detail, Roof and Oriels
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Astronomical clock on the adjacent city hall building
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Detail of the painted drinkers
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Rothenburg tower stairs
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View of Rothenburg from city hall roof
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Schriesheim
Schriesheim1684; Felix Wismer, Hans Jacob Gugerle, Hans Jost, architects
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Modern replica of a neck-iron pillory attached to the stonework of the Schriesheim city hall
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Tangermünde
1430 (Hinrich Brunsberg, master builder) and 1846 (Friedrich August Stüler, architect)
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Tangermünde facade detail
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Meetings and Ceremony Room
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Memorial to Grete Mide, a local woman burned at the state for allegedly setting fire to Tangermünde in 1617
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Wernigerode
Construction begun in 1429, altered many times; completed in present form, 1939
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Wernigerode city hall and plaza
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BibliographyBooks
Chattopadhyay, Swati (Editor) and White, Jeremy (Editor), City Halls and Civic Materialism: Towards a Global History of Urban Public Space; London, 2014
Olsen, Donald J., The City as a Work of Art; Yale University, 1988
(Though this book covers primarily London, Paris, and Vienna, several chapters, such as “Architecture as Language: Representation and Instruction” apply to all the
city halls on this site.)
Kiewert Walter, Deutsche Rathäuser; Dresden, 1961
Rosemann, H. R. and Wolf Strache, Deutsche Rathäuser; Stuttgart, 1952
Web Links
I’ve listed the links — my own and many from Wikipedia — in English where possible. Otherwise, the links lead to web pages in German.
Augsburg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/augsburg-notes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_Town_Hall
Bamberg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/bamberg-notes
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altes_Rathaus_(Bamberg)
Berlin
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/berlin-notes
http://www.berlin.de/orte/sehenswuerdigkeiten/rotes-rathaus/
Bremen
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/bremen-notes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremen_City_Hall
Cologne (Köln)
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne_City_Hall
Düsseldorf
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-2
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathaus_Düsseldorf
Frankfurt
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Römer
Freiburg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-4
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathaus_(Freiburg_im_Breisgau)
Gernsbach
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-87
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Bibliography
Hamburg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-35
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg_Rathaus
Hannoverhttps://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-62
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Town_Hall_(Hanover)
Hannover Old City Hall
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-40
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altes_Rathaus_(Hannover)
Heidelberg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-12
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathaus_(Heidelberg)
Lübeck
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-51
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lübecker_Rathaus
Munich (München)
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-69
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Town_Hall_(Munich)
Munich Old City Hall
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/old-munich-notes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Munich
Neumunster
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/tangermnde-notes
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altes_Rathaus_(Neumünster)
Nuremberg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/nuremberg-notes
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nürnberger_Rathaus
Paderborn
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/new-page-38
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathaus_Paderborn
Rothenburg
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/rothenburg-notes
http://franken-wiki.de/index.php/Rathaus_Rothenburg
Schriesheim
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schriesheim (general information only)
Tangermünde
https://arthur-chandler.squarespace.com/neumnster-notes
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathaus_Tangermünde
Wernigerode
http://www.hausgeschichte-wernigerode.de/looke.php?INDEX=24
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